双源CT大螺距、70kV管电压结合迭代算法低辐射低对比剂CCTA研究

目的探讨双源CT前瞻性心电门控大螺距扫描模式下70kV管电压结合迭代算法在CCTA检查中降低辐射剂量及对比剂用量的可行性,并探讨图像最佳迭代重建等级。方法收集本院90例行CCTA检查的患者,体质量指数(BMI)≤25kg/m~2,分为2组,每组45例。A组扫描方案:前瞻性心电门控大螺距螺旋扫描模式,固定管电压70kV,自动管电流调制,参考管电流500mAs;对比剂注射流率及容量分别为4.0ml/s、0.8ml/kg;B组扫描方案:自适应前瞻性心电门控触发序列,自动管电压及管电流调制,参考管电压120kV,参考管电流320mAs,对比剂注射流率及容量分别为5.0ml/s、1.0ml/kg。A组图像采用FBP及SAFIRE1～5等级重建,B组采用SAFIRE3级重建。比较A组各迭代等级及FBP重建间的图像质量,得出最佳迭代等级图像后与B组图像比较图像质量、图像噪声、SNR、CNR及辐射剂量等;并比较两组患者的一般资料。结果 A组SAFIRE 3图像质量评分最高;两组患者一般资料、图像噪声、图像质量评分无统计学差异(P0.05)。部分节段血管SNR、CNR具有统计学差异,但A组高于B组。A组CTDIvol(0.70±0.12)mGy、DLP(12.56±2.37)mGy·cm、ED(0.18±0.33)mSv均明显低于B组CTDIvol(12.24±6.82)mGy、DLP(158.80±81.57)mGy·cm、ED(2.22±1.14)mSv。结论对于BMI≤25kg/m~2的患者,双源CT大螺距扫描模式下70kV管电压结合迭代算法CCTA检查,能够在得到满足临床诊断要求的图像质量的同时,明显降低有效辐射剂量(ED0.3mSv)及对比剂用量。     

低浓度对比剂大螺距前门控双源CT冠状动脉成像初步研究

目的:评价低浓度对比剂Flash双源CT大螺距冠状动脉成像联合应用低kV和迭代重建算法对血管强化程度、图像质量和辐射剂量的影响.方法:对120例体重指数(BMI)＜25 kg/m2、心率≤65次/分且稳定的患者进行前瞻性心电触发大螺距双源CT冠状动脉扫描,检查者随机分成低浓度对比剂组(A组,60例)和高浓度对比剂组(B组,60例).A组对比剂使用碘克沙醇(浓度为270mg I/mL),管电压为80 kV,图像重建采用迭代重建算法(SAFIRE);B组对比剂使用碘普罗胺(浓度为370mg I/mL),管电压为100 kV,图像重建采用滤波反投影算法(FBP).两组图像均测量左右冠状动脉开口处、升主动脉根部及心底层面的胸主动脉CT值,并比较两组图像的噪声、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)、主观图像质量评分和有效辐射剂量.结果:碘克沙醇270组各解剖部位平均强化CT值均明显高于碘普罗胺370组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).碘克沙醇270组图像噪声、SNR、CNR较碘普罗胺370组略高,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组主观图像质量评分分别为(1.62±0.69)和(1.51±0.65),差异克统计学意义(P＞0.05).碘克沙醇270组有效辐射剂量较碘普罗胺370组明显降低[分别为(0.25±0.05) mSv和(0.55±0.11) mSv,P＜0.001],低浓度组辐射剂量较高浓度组降低了54.5％.结论:当联合应用低kV和迭代重建算法时,即使使用低浓度对比剂(270 mg I/mL)进行Flash双源CT大螺距冠状动脉成像,依然可以提高血管的对比强化效果且不降低图像质量,还能大幅度降低有效辐射剂量.     

光子探测器双源CT70kV联合低对比剂在冠状动脉CTA中的应用

目的：探讨 Stellar 光子探测器双源 CT 70 kV 管电压联合30 mL 低对比剂前瞻性大螺距扫描在冠状动脉 CTA 中的应用价值。方法60例体质量指数(BMI<24.9 kg/m2)正常行冠状动脉 CTA 检查者,随机分为2组(A 组：管电压70 kV、对比剂30 mL;B组：管电压100 kV、对比剂50 mL),每组30例,2组均采用 Stellar 光子探测器双源 CT 前瞻性大螺距螺旋式扫描技术进行扫描。A组采用 SAFIRE 迭代重建技术,B 组采用滤过反投影(FBP)技术重建;客观评价包括测量 CT 值、计算信号噪声比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)及记录有效辐射剂量(ED),并用4分法对图像质量评分。组间对比采用独立样本 t 检验。结果冠状动脉图像质量评分分别为(3.38±0.942)分、(3.50±0.682)分,组间差异无统计学意义(t =-0.562,P >0.05);A 组患者冠状动脉各节段 CT 值高于B 组(P 均<0.01),2组间 SNR、CNR 差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。A 组患者辐射剂量为(0.19±0.023)mSv ,B 组患者辐射剂量为(0.81±0.101)mSv,A 组较 B 组下降76.5%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。结论光子探测器双源 CT 70 kV 管电压联合30 mL低对比剂在正常 BMI 患者冠状动脉 CTA 检查中,在获取满足诊断要求图像质量的同时显著降低 ED 及对比剂用量。     

双源CT超低管电压、低对比剂流率及容量冠状动脉CTA研究

目的探讨双源CT超低管电压、低对比剂流率及容量扫描方案行冠状动脉CT血管成像(coronary CT angiography, CCTA)的可行性。方法收集本院130例行CCTA检查的患者,体质量指数(BMI)≤25kg/m~2,分为2组,每组各65例。A组(实验组)扫描方案:固定管电压70kV,参考管电流500mAs;对比剂注射速率及容量分别为4.0ml/s、0.8ml/kg;B组(对照组)扫描方案:参考管电压120kV,参考管电流320mAs,对比剂注射速率及容量分别为5.0ml/s、1.0ml/kg。所有受检者均采用第二代双源CT进行扫描。测量右冠状动脉(RCA)开口、左冠状动脉主干(LM)开口、左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)近段、左冠状动脉回旋支(LCX)近段管腔内的CT值及图像噪声,并测量同层面胸壁下脂肪组织CT值及图像噪声,计算图像信噪比(SNR)及对比度噪声比(CNR);记录两组受检者的容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP),计算有效辐射剂量(ED);比较两组受检者的年龄、性别、BMI、扫描时心率、实际管电流、图像质量及辐射剂量。结果两组受检者年龄、性别、BMI、扫描时心率及实际管电流无统计学差异;两组图像质量评分无统计学差异(P0.05)。A、B两组图像CT值、图像噪声、SNR及CNR均不具有统计学差异(P0.05)。A组有效辐射计量(0.69±0.25)mSv明显低于B组(2.42±1.18)mSv,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于BMI≤25kg/m~2的受检者,70kV管电压结合双源CT前瞻性心电门控及迭代重建算法行CCTA检查,能够在得到满足临床诊断要求的图像质量的同时明显降低有效辐射剂量(ED1mSv),同时能降低对比剂流率和对比剂注射容量。     

迭代重建算法在双源CT三低方案冠状动脉血管成像中的应用价值

目的 探讨迭代重建（SAFIRE）算法在双源CT三低方案（低管电压、低剂量对比剂、低流速注射）冠状动脉血管造影（CCTA）中的应用价值。方法 连续选取120例体质量指数（BMI）18.6~24.9 kg/m² 和心率<65次/min的患者,均使用对比剂碘海醇350 mgI/ml,其中包括滤波反投影技术（FBP）组和SAFIRE组,每组60例。FBP组采用120 kV管电压、对比剂剂量0.9 ml/kg、注射流速5.0 ml/s,进行前瞻性心电门控扫描,图像重建采用FBP;SAFIRE组采用80 kV管电压、对比剂剂量0.7 ml/kg、注射速率3.5 ml/s,进行前瞻性心电门控大螺距扫描,图像重建采用SAFIRE。测量两组动脉管腔内及左心室底部肌肉的CT强化值和噪声,计算信噪比（SNR）及对比噪声比（CNR）。采用双盲法对冠状动脉节段以4分法进行评价,其中1分为不可诊断图像。记录每一个患者的平均容积CT剂量指数（CTDI_vol）和剂量长度乘积（DLP）,并计算有效剂量。结果 两组动脉管腔内CT值、图像噪声、SNR、CNR,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;SAFIRE组有效剂量（0.39±0.02）mSv较FBP组显著降低（4.99±1.36）mSv,差异有统计学意义（t=26.31,P<0.05）。结论 在BMI为18.6~24.9 kg/m ²、心率<65次/min的患者中,应用双源CT前瞻性心电触发大螺距三低方案联合迭代重建算法冠状动脉血管成像,能得到满意的图像,又降低了辐射剂量。     

双源CT低管电压结合低浓度对比剂在肝脏增强扫描中的应用

【摘要】目的：探讨双源CT使用低管电压(100kVp)和低浓度等渗对比剂（270mg I/mL)进行肝脏增强扫描的可行性。方法：将我院108例行肝脏CT增强扫描的患者随机分成两组,每组54例。A组：管电压100kVp,对比剂为威视派克(270mg I/mL）。B组：管电压120kVp,对比剂为碘克沙醇(320mg I/mL）。测量、计算两组图像的对比噪声比（CNR）、信噪比（SNR）、肝实质CT值、肝动脉CT值、门静脉CT值及有效辐射剂量（ED）,并对两组图像进行主观评分,对两组间上述指标进行统计学分析。结果：A组的CNR高于B组,且差异具有统计学意义(t=2.88,P<0.05）,SNR高于B组(P<0.05）,A组能够提供清晰的诊断图像,提高病变的显示;A、B组的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（t=-0.58,P>0.05）;A、B组的肝实质CT值及肝动脉CT值均无统计学差异(t=-1.81,P>0.05;t=0.96,P>0.05）,而A组的门静脉CT值高于B组（t=7.55,P<0.05);A组的三期总辐射剂量［（8.04±1.12）mSv］低于B组［(11.62±2.41)mSv］（t=9.94,P<0.001)。结论：双源CT肝脏增强扫描采用管电压100kVp和低浓度等渗对比剂(270mg I/mL）可以提供较好的图像CNR,提高门静脉CT值,保证诊断图像质量的同时降低辐射剂量。     

64层螺旋CT前门控冠状动脉横断面扫描低剂量技术的初步研究

目的 评价64层螺旋CT(MSCT)应用前瞻性心电门控横断面扫描技术低剂量冠状动脉成像的能力及图像质量.方法 连续选取77例临床拟行冠状动脉成像的患者(A组,平均体重指数24.6,心率＜70次/min)行前瞻性门控横断面扫描,根据患者体重指数选择管电流(230～740 mA),管电压120 kV;用同样扫描条件模拟固定参数螺旋扫描剂量并记录.同时比较行MSCT冠状动脉成像连续回顾性门控心电标记固定参数的30例患者(B组,平均体重指数23.9,心率＜70次/min)的扫描剂量,并对2组的图像质量进行评价(配对t检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义).结果 A组前门控横断面扫描冠状动脉成像剂最平均为3.37 mSv,所获图像满足临床诊断需要,模拟固定参数螺旋扫描平均剂量为17.29 mSv;B组实际回顾性门控CT固定参数螺旋扫描冠状动脉成像平均剂量为18.13 mSv.B组与A组模拟固定参数螺旋扫描剂量差异无统计学意义(t=0.87,P＞0.05),与A组前瞻性门控横断面扫描有效剂量比较差异有统计学意义(t=18.50,P＜0.01),减少了约81.4%.结论 64层MSCT冠状动脉成像中前瞻性心电门控横断面扫描技术能够获得满足临床诊断需要的高质最图像,同时非常有效地降低了辐射剂量.     

双低扫描技术结合双源CT Flash Spiral模式在冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨双源CT Flash Spiral扫描模式下,270碘对比剂结合低管电压及正弦确认迭代重组(SAFIRE)技术在改善冠状动脉成像图像质量及降低辐射剂量中的价值.方法 将平均心率＜ 65次/分的82例疑诊冠心病患者随机分为A、B两组,A组42例,采用管电压120 kV、350 mgI/mL的对比剂,重组图像采用滤过反投影(FBP)法;B组40例,采用管电压80 kV或100 kV、270 mgL/mL的对比剂,重组图像同时采用FBP法(BI组)和SAFIRE法(B2组).A、B两组均采用Flash Spiral模式扫描,采集图像时间为R-R间期60％.记录剂量长度乘积(DLP),计算有效辐射剂量(ED).测量A组与B组两种重组法主动脉根部、左冠状动脉及右冠状动脉起始部血管内CT值和图像噪声(SD),计算主观图像质量评分、图像噪声(SD)、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR).结果 A、B两组的ED分别为(1.18±0.21) mSv、(0.55±0.19) mSv,差异有统计学意义(t=14.22,P＜0.01);A组与B组两种重组法B1、B2冠状动脉图像质量评分分别为1.57 ±0.60、1.85±0.59、1.55 ±0.60,SD分别为(17.62±2.44) HU、(27.25±8.06) HU、(19.21 ±6.21) HU,B1与B2组间均有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01),A与B2组间均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);血管内强化CT值、SNR、CNR B2组均高于A组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 双源CT Flash Spiral扫描模式下,270碘对比剂结合低管电压及SAFIRE技术能明显降低辐射剂量,并能获得较好的图像质量.     

双源CT前瞻性和回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像对比研究

目的:通过对双源CT前瞻性与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像的图像质量和辐射剂量等比较,探讨双源CT前瞻性触发序列扫描技术在冠状动脉成像中的应用价值.方法:将110例行双源CT冠状动脉血管成像检查的患者随机分为2组,A组60例行前瞻性触发序列门控扫描,B组50例行回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描.入组标准为心率75次/min(bpm)以下,心率相对规整(波动≤10bpm).管电压根据体重质量指数(BMI)调整:BM1≥25kg/m2,120kV;BMI＜25kg/m2,100kV.记录扫描中患者所接受辐射剂量,并对其图像质量进行评分.分别采用Wilcoxon秩检验和两独立样本t检验对两组的图像质量和辐射剂量进行统计学分析.结果:A组图像质量平均评分为(3.74±0.51)分,平均有效剂量为(2.38±0.83) mSv;B组图像质量平均评分为(3.68±0.58)分,平均有效剂量为(9.49±3.38)mSv.A、B两组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(Z =-1.891,P=0.059);有效剂量差异有统计学意义(t=-14.522,P＜0.001),降低约75％.结论:双源CT在心率低且稳定的患者中行前瞻性触发序列扫描能够显著降低辐射剂量,并且可以获得满足临床诊断的图像质量.     

双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

目的 研究双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描技术在冠状动脉CTA的应用,并评价其图像质量.方法 将68例行冠状动脉CTA检查的患者分为2组,A组38例行前瞻性心电触发序列扫描,入组标准为心率70次/min(bpm)以下,窦性心律,心率波动范围在10 bpm以内.排除标准为心率不能控制在70 bpm以内及心律不齐患者、屏气不佳者以及冠状动脉存在严重钙化及明显狭窄者.采集期相70%R-R间期.B组30例为常规回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描,人组标准为心率70 bpm以下,窦性心律且规整.排除标准为心律不齐患者、屏气不佳者以及冠状动脉存在严重钙化及明显狭窄者.2组中管电压均随体质量指数(BMI)调整,BMI≥24 ks/m2管电压采用120 kV,BMI<24 ks/m2管电压采用100 kV.对2组扫描的冠状动脉分别做图像处理,应用秩和检验比较2组患者冠状动脉段图像质量评分,应用两独立样本t检验比较2组患者辐射剂量.结果 A组评价476段冠状动脉,B组评价372段冠状动脉.A组冠状动脉段图像质量评分为(3.48±0.59)分,B组均值为(3.53±0.58)分,2组之间比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.432,P=0.187).A组平均有效剂量为(2.51±0.54)mSv;B组平均有效剂量为(14.55±3.54)mSv,2组之间平均有效剂量比较差异有统计学意义(t=18.484,P=0.000).结论 在严格掌握心率及心律的基础上,可成功实现前瞻性触发序列扫描,该技术能显著降低辐射剂量而保证诊断所需图像质量.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.