Ddit3在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同时期的表达研究

目的:检测Ddit3在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同时期的表达分布及变化规律,初步揭示Ddit3在小鼠牙胚发育中的作用。方法:取不同胚胎时间点的ICR妊娠小鼠,制备牙胚发育标本,通过免疫荧光和免疫组化的方法显示Ddit3在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育不同时间点的表达分布。结果:Ddit3在牙胚发育的早期主要表达于胞浆中,从钟状期开始,Ddit3不仅在胞浆中有阳性表达,同时也微弱地表达于细胞核中。分布如下:在小鼠下颌第一磨牙发育的板状期,Ddit3几乎没有表达。在蕾状期,Ddit3主要表达于釉上皮的细胞质中,在牙外胚间充质细胞中几乎无表达。在帽状期,Ddit3的表达模式基本和蕾状期相同。在钟状期早期,Ddit3在成釉细胞、前成牙本质细胞和牙乳头胞质中呈阳性表达,在部分细胞核中也检测到了Ddit3的表达。钟状期晚期,Ddit3在新形成的硬组织周围的高柱状成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞和牙乳头细胞的胞浆中有阳性表达,在大多数成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞和牙乳头细胞的细胞核中也有表达。结论:Ddit3可能会调节成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化及其硬组织的生物矿化。     

透明质酸在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同发育时期的表达

目的:检测透明质酸在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同发育时期的表达,探讨其在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的作用。方法:取不同胎龄的ICR胎鼠,制备小鼠下颌第一磨牙不同发育时期切片,用免疫组织化学实验方法检测透明质酸在下颌第一磨牙牙胚组织中的表达情况。结果:透明质酸在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚的不同发育阶段表达各异。在小鼠磨牙开始发生时,透明质酸即在增厚的牙板上皮中表达,随后在蕾状期牙蕾中央的上皮细胞间可见透明质酸的表达,而在深层的牙源性间充质表达则不明显。自帽状期至钟状晚期,透明质酸在牙胚星网状层细胞间以及牙源性间充质细胞的表达逐渐增强,而在基底膜、内外釉上皮细胞、成釉细胞以及成牙本质细胞所在区域不表达。结论:透明质酸在牙胚发育过程中呈现时间-空间特异性表达。特别是其在星网状层细胞以及牙乳头间充质细胞中的表达随着牙胚的发育逐渐增强提示其可能与牙胚的形态发生密切相关。     

跨膜蛋白Syndecan-1在不同发育时期小鼠磨牙组织中的表达

目的以小鼠磨牙为发育模型,研究其不同发育时期跨膜蛋白Syndecan- 1的表达特点,进而分析Syndecan-1在牙齿发育中的作用。方法取不同胎龄的胎鼠,制作其下颌第一磨牙的切片,进行免疫荧光染色,并在荧光显微镜下观察Syndecan- 1的表达情况。结果Syndecan- 1的表达随牙胚发育的时期不同而变化：蕾状期时在牙源性上皮和间充质中有弱的阳性分布,帽状期时成釉器上皮阳性表达减弱,而牙乳头及周围的间充质的阳性反应明显增强,钟状期时成釉器上皮又呈阳性表达,并以在中间细胞层的反应更为强烈,而牙乳头间充质的染色则很弱,同时前成釉细胞以及下方的成牙本质细胞的顶端也呈Syndecan- 1的阳性表达。结论Syndecan- 1参与了成釉器和牙乳头的发育和分化过程的调节,并与牙胚细胞的增殖以及成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化相关。     

氯离子通道CLC-3在小鼠牙胚发育中的表达

目的:探讨CLC-3在BALB/c小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同发育时期的时空表达。方法:选取E13.5、E15.5、E18.5 d的BALB/c胎鼠和P1、P5 d的BALB/c小鼠,脱颈处死后取其头部,梯度乙醇脱水,石蜡包埋后连续切片,最后对石蜡切片行CLC-3免疫组化染色。结果:当胎鼠牙胚处于蕾状期时,CLC-3在牙胚的牙板上皮中可见表达;当牙胚发育为帽状期时,在牙乳头和牙囊细胞中表达;到钟状期时,CLC-3在牙乳头、牙囊、星网状层细胞和中间层细胞中广泛表达。出生后的小鼠CLC-3在牙乳头、牙囊、成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞、星网状层细胞、中间层细胞中均广泛表达。结论:CLC-3在小鼠牙胚发育的不同时期呈现不同的时空表达。     

Notch1蛋白在小鼠下颌切牙发育中的表达

目的探讨Notch1在小鼠下颌切牙牙胚发育过程中的组织学分布。方法制作ICR小鼠下颌切牙不同发育阶段的冰冻组织切片,对小鼠下颌切牙牙胚自牙胚发育起始期至钟状晚期不同发育阶段组织Notch1的分布情况进行免疫组织化学染色。结果 Notch1在小鼠下颌切牙发育蕾状期牙胚的口腔侧上皮中表达,而在和间充质相邻的牙胚上皮中没有表达。从帽状期至钟状期,Notch1在牙胚的中间层表达,而在内釉上皮中没有表达。钟状期的唇侧颈环部位星网状层和部分牙上皮细胞也表达Notch1。此外,Notch1还在牙胚发育不同时期的间充质、牙乳头和早期牙髓中表达。结论 Notch1可能在小鼠下颌切牙发育过程中的牙上皮,特别是内釉上皮的细胞分化,以及牙囊和牙乳头细胞分化及分化完成后的牙髓干细胞的稳定性方面有重要作用。     

Notch1在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育中的表达

目的探讨Notch1在小鼠下颌第一磨牙胚胎发育过程中的组织学分布。方法制作ICR小鼠下颌第一磨牙不同发育阶段的冰冻组织切片,对小鼠下颌第一磨牙自牙胚发育起始期至出生后2天不同发育阶段组织的Notch1分布情况进行免疫组织化学染色。结果 Notch1在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育起始期和蕾状期牙板上皮上方或其包绕的口腔上皮中表达,在牙板上皮中没有表达。自帽状期至钟状期,Notch1在牙胚的中间层表达,而在内釉上皮中无表达。至牙釉质和牙本质分泌期,Notch1仍在颈环部位的中间层表达。此外,Notch1还在牙胚发育不同时期的间充质、牙乳头和早期牙髓中表达。结论 Notch1可能在小鼠下颌第一磨牙发育过程中的牙上皮特别是内釉上皮的细胞分化,以及牙囊和牙乳头细胞分化及分化完成后的牙髓干细胞的稳定性方面有重要作用。     

核心结合因子a1在小鼠牙齿发育过程中的表达

目的：观察Cbfal蛋白在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达情况。方法：用自制的Cbfal多克隆抗体，采用免疫组化染色观察其时空表达特性。结果：Cbfal蛋白在帽状期牙胚中表达较广泛，在钟状早、中期牙胚表达于内釉细胞、成釉细胞以及紧靠成牙本质细胞层的牙乳头细胞，而在钟状晚期，Cbfal在牙乳头表达为阴性，成牙本质细胞层弱阳性，成釉细胞为阳性或强阳性。结论：Cbfal可能在小鼠牙胚发育，尤其是在成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞分化过程中具有重要作用。     

ADAM28在小鼠牙胚发育中的时空表达

目的:研究ADAM28在小鼠牙胚发育中的时空分布。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法和图像分析技术观察ADAM28在小鼠牙胚发育各期的表达分布及差异。结果:ADAM28在牙胚发育各时期均有不同程度的表达。帽状期开始即在口腔上皮及成釉器星网层细胞、基底膜、牙乳头细胞和牙囊细胞表达强阳性,到钟状晚期,成釉细胞、釉基质、上皮根鞘和牙乳头细胞阳性表达;至冠根硬组织发育期,成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞、上皮根鞘、成牙骨质细胞、牙乳头细胞、牙囊细胞阳性表达。结论:ADAM28作为上皮和间充质间重要的信号分子,参与了从蕾状期到钟状晚期、从基质分泌到硬组织形成的牙冠、牙根形态发生过程,它可能在牙源性间充质细胞的早期形成、增殖与分化启动中发挥重要作用。     

牙本质涎磷蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白在vps4b基因 敲除鼠磨牙牙胚发育中的时空表达

目的 研究vps4b基因突变对牙齿发育相关蛋白——牙本质涎磷蛋白（DSPP）和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（COL-Ⅰ）表达的影响。方法 取胚胎E13.5 d、E14.5 d、E16.5 d的胎鼠头部及出生后P2.5 d、P7 d的幼鼠下颌骨组织,石蜡包埋后获取第一磨牙牙胚组织切片,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测野生型小鼠和vps4b基因敲除小鼠牙胚中DSPP、COL-Ⅰ的表达。结果 野生鼠蕾状期和帽状期DSPP、COL-Ⅰ均未表达;钟状期DSPP在内釉上皮和牙乳头中有表达,COL-Ⅰ表达于牙乳头和牙囊;分泌期和矿化期DSPP、COL-Ⅰ在成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞、牙囊内均有表达,COL-Ⅰ在牙乳头内亦可见表达。小鼠vps4b基因敲除后,DSPP在钟状期牙乳头和分泌期牙乳头及牙囊内未见表达,COL-Ⅰ在钟状期及矿化期表达部位与野生型小鼠一致,分泌期在牙乳头的表达发生改变。结论 vps4b基因在牙胚发育中发挥重要作用;DSPP、COL-Ⅰ的表达可能受vps4b基因的调控,并与vps4b共同调节牙齿牙本质的发育。     

牙本质涎磷蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白在vps4b基因敲除鼠磨牙牙胚发育中的时空表达

目的 研究vps4b基因突变对牙齿发育相关蛋白——牙本质涎磷蛋白（DSPP）和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（COL-Ⅰ）表达的影响。方法 取胚胎E13.5 d、E14.5 d、E16.5 d的胎鼠头部及出生后P2.5 d、P7 d的幼鼠下颌骨组织,石蜡包埋后获取第一磨牙牙胚组织切片,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测野生型小鼠和vps4b基因敲除小鼠牙胚中DSPP、COL-Ⅰ的表达。结果 野生鼠蕾状期和帽状期DSPP、COL-Ⅰ均未表达;钟状期DSPP在内釉上皮和牙乳头中有表达,COL-Ⅰ表达于牙乳头和牙囊;分泌期和矿化期DSPP、COL-Ⅰ在成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞、牙囊内均有表达,COL-Ⅰ在牙乳头内亦可见表达。小鼠vps4b基因敲除后,DSPP在钟状期牙乳头和分泌期牙乳头及牙囊内未见表达,COL-Ⅰ在钟状期及矿化期表达部位与野生型小鼠一致,分泌期在牙乳头的表达发生改变。结论 vps4b基因在牙胚发育中发挥重要作用;DSPP、COL-Ⅰ的表达可能受vps4b基因的调控,并与vps4b共同调节牙齿牙本质的发育。     

c-Met在小鼠颌下腺胚胎发育中的表达

目的探讨c-Met在小鼠颌下腺发育不同阶段的表达特点。方法制作ICR小鼠颌下腺不同发育阶段的冰冻组织切片,利用免疫组织化学方法对小鼠颌下腺自蕾状期至出生后两天不同发育阶段c-Met的表达情况进行了研究。结果 c-Met在小鼠颌下腺发育的蕾状期上皮中表达呈明显阳性,在假腺管期早期表达减弱,而在假腺管期晚期的上皮突起中表达增强。在微管期的分枝状上皮条索和顶端胚芽中呈不对称表达,周围细胞表达较强而中心细胞表达较弱。在终末分化期的腺泡、闰管的部分上皮细胞表达,在导管上皮中持续性强表达。结论 c-Met在小鼠颌下腺发育的细胞增殖、分支形态发生及腺泡和导管的形成中可能扮演重要角色。     

Expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 in dental and non-dental tissues

Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) is critical for proper dental enamel formation. Klk4 null mice, and humans with two defective KLK4 alleles have obvious enamel defects, with no other apparent phenotype. KLK4 mRNA or protein is reported to be present in tissues besides teeth, including prostate, ovary, kidney, liver, and salivary gland. In this study we used the Klk4 knockout/NLS-lacZ knockin mouse to assay Klk4 expression using β-galactosidase histochemistry. Incubations for 5 h were used to detect KLK4 expression with minimal endogenous background, while overnight incubations susceptible to false positives were used to look for trace KLK4 expression. Developing maxillary molars at postnatal days 5, 6, 7, 8, and 14, developing mandibular incisors at postnatal day 14, and selected non-dental tissues from adult wild-type and Klk4(lacZ/lacZ) mice were examined by X-gal histochemistry. After 5 h of incubation, X-gal staining was observed specifically in the nuclei of maturation-stage ameloblasts in molars and incisors from Klk4(lacZ/lacZ) mice and was detected weakly in the nuclei of salivary gland ducts and in patches of prostate epithelia. We conclude that KLK4 is predominantly a tooth-specific protease with low expression in submandibular salivary gland and prostate, and with no detectable expression in liver, kidney, testis, ovary, oviduct, epididymis, and vas deferens.     

Impact of epidermal growth factor receptor,mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor,and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 expression on survival of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met), and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) protein on response to treatment and survival in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). EGFR, c-Met, and IGF-1R immunohistochemical (IHC) scores were generated based on the incidence and intensity of expression of the biomarkers evaluated in paraffin-embedded sections of biopsy specimens taken before treatment from 113 patients given neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by resection for primary locally advanced oral and oropharyngeal SCC. Correlations were assessed between the IHC of the biomarkers and the patients’ clinicopathological variables using Spearman's rank test. Cox's regression models were used to evaluate the impact of EGFR, c-Met, and IGF-1R, expression on survival.     

肝细胞生长因子受体在大鼠牙胚发育中的表达及其意义

目的：研究肝细胞生长因子受体(c—Met)在大鼠牙胚发育过程中的时空表达模式。方法：用免疫组织化学方法，检测c—Met在大鼠牙胚发育不同阶段表达的位置。结果：c—Met在牙胚发育的不同阶段表达于牙胚中特定的部位：帽状期(胚胎15d)，内釉上皮阳性表达，中间层及部分星网状层细胞弱阳性表达；钟状期(胚胎19d)，内、外釉上皮阳性表达，但内釉上皮较外釉上皮表达弱，中间层及星网状层细胞弱阳性表达；矿化期(生后7d)，成牙本质细胞阳性表达。结论：c—Met在大鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达具有时空特异性，在牙齿形态发生的过程中具有重要的作用，还可能与牙齿的矿化有关。     

Hepatocyte growth factor and c-Met (HGF/c-Met) in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the human salivary gland

BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) enhances cell growth, morphogenesis, and scattering of various epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that HGF/c-Met plays a biological role in the invasive growth of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). METHODS: Immunohistochemically, expression of HGF and its receptor c-Met was examined in 15 cases of ACC. To examine the direct effects of HGF on ACC, cell line derived from of ACC (ACC3) was used. The expression of HGF and c-met in ACC3 was investigated by RT-PCR. Analysis of mechanisms of invasion was done by performing scattering assay and matrigel invasion chamber assay. RESULTS: Positive staining of HGF was found in all cases, and that of c-Met was 67%. In ACC3, c-met was expressed, but not HGF. Stimulation of ACC3 by rhHGF induced scattering and promoted invasion. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that HGF/c-Met increases tumor cell scattering and may play a part in invasiveness of ACC.     

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in development, inflammation and carcinogenesis: its expression and role in oral tissues

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was discovered as a potent mitogen for adult hepatocytes from the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. It is now known to be a broad-spectrum, multi-functional mitogen, motogen and morphogen. The activities of HGF are mediated through the signalling pathway of its receptor, c-Met. During tooth development, HGF is expressed in the dental papilla and c-Met is expressed in the inner enamel epithelium. The expression of HGF and c-Met indicates that HGF is involved in morphogenesis of the tooth by mediating epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. In the mature tooth, HGF expression by fibroblasts is enhanced in pulpitis and mediated through the induction of prostaglandin (PG) E₂; it is induced not only by inflammatory cytokines, but also by components of oral bacteria. Consequently, concentrations of HGF in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) increase in periodontitis. The mitogenic and other biological activities, such as angiogenesis, of HGF contribute towards wound healing. Both HGF and c-Met are expressed in the developing tongue, and the signalling pathway of the latter is shown to be essential for myogenesis. Dysregulation of c-Met signalling is observed in carcinogenesis, but HGF also has cytotoxic activity to certain tumour cells. The reason for the discrepancy between these observations is not clear at present.     

HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨口腔鳞癌中HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA的表达及其相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学SP法检测63例口腔癌、20例正常口腔黏膜的HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA蛋白表达。结果：①HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA阳性表达率：口腔鳞癌中分别为98.41%、100%、92.06%、88.89%,均显著高于正常口腔黏膜中表达率（5.00%、10.00%、20.00%、15.00%）,P〈0.05;有淋巴结转移的口腔癌组强阳性表达率分别为72.73%、77.27%、72.73%、68.82%,高于无转移组（53.66%、46.34%、46.34%、43.90%）。T3、T4期HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA的强阳性表达（93.10%、82.76%、72.41%、79.31%）高于T1、T2期（32.35%、35.29%、41.18%、29.41%）,P〈0.05。②口腔鳞癌中HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA表达呈正相关。结论：HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA表达与口腔癌的发生、发展相关,对口腔鳞癌的浸润、转移起促进作用且相互协同,是口腔鳞癌侵袭的重要标志物。     

Autoradiographic studies on the metabolism of gingival glycosaminoglycans in experimental periodontitis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the gingiva during a period of experimental periodontitis induced by placing a silk ligature below the gingival margin of dog molars. Incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into the gingiva was determined autoradiographically. The gingiva was collected at 0, 7, 21, 60 and 90 days and cultured in vitro in the presence of 3H-glucosamine. The autoradiographs showed a predominantly epithelial location of the silver grains in all gingival epithelia. The location was intercellular in all epithelia. The results suggest greater 3H-glucosamine incorporation by the epithelium compared with the connective tissue and markedly more rapid metabolic turnover of epithelial GAGs.     

口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌中Stat3的表达及意义

目的研究口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中细胞信号传导和转录激活因子(Stat3)的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化方法分别检测9例正常口腔黏膜,口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)和白斑(OLK)共8例,OLP、OLK伴异常增生22例,OSCC19例中Stat3的表达。结果Stat3阳性表达分布于细胞质和细胞核内。正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生、异常增生和OSCC中Stat3阳性表达率分别为11.11%(1/9)、12.50%(1/8)、59.09%(13/22)和84.21%(16/19)。OSCC与正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生、异常增生相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);异常增生与正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);而单纯增生和正常口腔黏膜相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论Stat3与口腔黏膜癌变的发生发展有着密切关系,对Stat3表达的研究将有助于口腔黏膜癌前病变癌变的检测和OSCC的早期诊断。     

A comparison of enamelin and amelogenin expression in developing mouse molars

Amelogenin and enamelin are structural proteins in the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The temporal and spatial patterns of enamelin expression in developing mouse molars have not been characterized, while controversy remains with respect to amelogenin expression by odontoblasts and cementoblasts. Here we report the results of in situ hybridization analyses of amelogenin and enamelin expression in mouse molars from postnatal days 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, and 21. Amelogenin and enamelin mRNA in maxillary first molars was first observed in pre-ameloblasts on the cusp slopes at day 2. The onsets of amelogenin and enamelin expression were approximately synchronous with the initial accumulation of predentin matrix. Both proteins were expressed by ameloblasts throughout the secretory, transition, and early maturation stages. Enamelin expression terminated in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 9, while amelogenin expression is still detected in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 14. No amelogenin expression was observed in day 21 mouse molars. Amelogenin and enamelin RNA messages were restricted to ameloblasts. No expression was observed in pulp, bone, or along the developing root. We conclude that amelogenin and enamelin are enamel-specific and do not directly participate in the formation of dentin or cementum in developing mouse molars.