强化护理健康教育对上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术近视患者的效果

目的探讨强化护理健康教育对行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术近视患者的效果。方法选择2015年3月—2016年3月于江苏省无锡市中医医院行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术近视患者90例,以2015年10月—2016年3月收治的45例为观察组,接受强化护理健康教育;以2015年3—9月收治的45例为对照组,接受常规健康教育。比较两组患者术后用药依从性和视觉满意度。结果两组患者术后用药依从性和视觉满意度比较,观察组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论强化护理健康教育应用于行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术近视患者中,能够提高患者的用药依从性,增强患者的视觉满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

护理干预对准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术患者术后用药依从性的影响

目的：探讨护理干预对准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术术后用药依从性的影响。方法选择双眼屈光度相近符合准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术的近视患者155例,随机分为实验组（77例）和对照组（78例）。对照组患者接受常规护理,实验组患者接受常规护理外再加护理干预,4个月后比较两组患者术后用药依从性。结果实验组患者用药依从性明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.823,P=0.002）。结论护理干预可提高准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术患者术后用药依从性。     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视的护理进展

<正>有研究[1]报道:我国近视的发病率高达58%。随着医疗技术的发展和广大屈光不正患者对视觉质量追求的不断提高,屈光手术已经越来越多地被患者接受和期待。对于低中度近视,准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(Laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)或角膜上皮瓣下准分子激光角膜磨镶术(Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy,LASEK)是比较理想的手术方     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视的临床观察及护理

目的利用准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视的临床观察及护理。方法对1232例2446只眼行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术前术后的视力、屈光度进行观察及护理。结果患者在术后6个月后中低度近视组、高度组、超高度组平均视力分别为1．04、0．83、0．55。结论准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视是一种安全有效、预测性较好的角膜屈光手术。     

准分子激光治疗近视的方法及其特点

归纳和介绍了准分子激光治疗近视的方法，比较了准分子激光角膜切削术、准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术、准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术的优缺点及准分子激光治疗近视的特点，根据其发展趋势，对它的应用前景进行了总结和展望。     

应用临床护理路径对准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术患者的健康教育

目的 探讨应用临床护理路径对准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术患者的健康教育.方法 通过制定临床护理路径,将研究对象按门诊编号单双号将102例患者分成2组,对照组50例患者接受常规性健康教育,实验组52例患者采用临床护理路径实施健康教育,对比2组患者对健康教育知识掌握情况及对护理质量的满意度.结果 实验组患者对护理质量满意度比对照组明显提高,健康教育知识达标率显著高于对照组.结论 采用临床护理路径进行健康教育,可提高准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术患者健康知识掌握程度,使患者自觉采取健康行为,积极配合医疗护理,提高患者满意度.     

LASEK术的围手术期护理

总结了958例准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术围手术期的护理经验。主要包括术前严格筛选患者,强化训练指导,做好心理护理;术中密切配合,消除患者紧张;术后进行健康教育;重视复查和正确用药。认为良好的围术期护理及有针对性的健康教育是保证手术效果,提高满意度的有力保障。     

不同角膜屈光手术后干眼症对比分析

准分子激光角膜屈光手术后干眼症状常见,影响患者视觉质量,我们对比分析准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)术对干眼症的影响,结果报告如下。     

准分子激光治疗近视的方法及其特点

归纳和介绍了准分子激光治疗近视的方法,比较了准分子激光角膜切削术、准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术、准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术的优缺点及准分子激光治疗近视的特点,根据其发展趋势,对它的应用前景进行了总结和展望。     

高度近视患者行准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术角膜上皮瓣去留对术后视觉质量的影响

目的探讨高度近视患者经准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术治疗过程中去除、保留角膜上皮瓣对患者术后视觉质量的影响情况。方法选取2017年1月至2018年1月高度近视患者28例,按照随机数表法其分为研究组与对照组,每组14例。研究组行去除角膜上皮瓣准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术,对照组行保留角膜上皮瓣准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术。结果两组术前裸眼视力(UCVA)比较,差异未见统计学意义(P0.05),术后5 d研究组UCVA显著高于对照组(P0.05),术后随访6个月两组UCVA比较,差异未见统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后角膜上皮愈合时间、术后5 d VAS评分均显著少于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊总发生率与对照组比较,差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用去除角膜上皮瓣准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术治疗高度近视有效性、安全性均较优,有利于保障患者术后视觉质量及预后。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。