老年隐蔽性高血压与白大衣高血压患者的血压昼夜节律特点

目的探讨老年隐蔽性高血压与白大衣高血压患者血压昼夜变异特点。方法选取老年543例,根据门诊的血压测量结果以及24 h动态血压监测资料,分为持续高血压组(SH组,156例)、隐蔽性高血压组(MH组,98例),白大衣高血压组(WCH组,89例)和理想血压组(NH组,200例)。结果 MH组、SH组血压变异性较NH组、WCH组显著(P<0.01);而WCH组与NH组之间,SH组与MH组之间血压变异性无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 MH患者较WCH组血压变异显著,这可能是这类患者比WCH患者靶器官损害严重的主要原因之一。     

动态血压监测与白大衣高血压研究进展

本文综述了动态血压监测 （ ABPM）与白大衣高血压 （ WCH）研究的简史、相互关系 ,尤其是 ABPM对 WCH研究的重要性 ,以及 WCH的流行病学和不同的临床结论 ,并评价和展望了 WCH研究的现状和将来趋势     

白大衣效应与白大衣性高血压

白大衣效应与白大衣性高血压上海第二医科大学瑞金医院孔燕综述郭冀珍审校高血压的临床诊断主要依靠测量血压，所测的血压值除与个体自身的血压水平有关外，还受到环境因素和心理因素等方面的影响。早已发现，有不少病人在诊所由医生测血压时，血压升高，而当离开医疗环境...     

白大衣高血压

白大衣高血压（ＷＣＨ）患者在诊室测血压总是升高；而在家里自测血压或动态血压监测血压正常。对ＷＣＨ的治疗决定于患者有无靶器官损害。近年很多作者就ＷＣＨ诊断标准、产生机制以及患者的心、脑、肾结构与功能变化进行了研究。本文综述这些结果认为ＷＣＨ患者有早期心脑肾的影响。因此，对ＷＣＨ患者应进行药物治疗，并提出了治疗建议。     

白大衣高血压与隐性高血压患者心血管危险因素及靶器官损害比较

目的 比较白大衣高血压与隐性高血压患者心血管危险因素及靶器官损害.方法 入选2009年12月至2012年12月在我院进行查体人员327例,其中理想血压者157例,隐性高血压患者92例,白大衣高血压78例,所有患者均行心脏、颈动脉超声及实验室检查.结果 白大衣高血压组患者空腹血糖及体质量指数高于理想血压组而低于隐性高血压组患者,P＜0.01或P＜0.05;白大衣高血压组患者诊所测量血压显著高于隐性高血压组及理想血压组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）;白大衣高血压组左室质量指数、尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐、IMT显著高于理想血压组而低于隐性高血压组,P＜0.01或P＜0.05.结论 与理想血压组患者相比,隐性高血压及白大衣高血压组患者均存在显著的靶器官损害,且隐性高血压组较白大衣高血压组严重.     

白大衣高血压患者血压变异性对靶器官损害的影响

目的探讨血压变异性对白大衣高血压患者靶器官损害的影响。方法门诊患者119例,根据24 h动态血压和诊室血压分为正常血压组(NT)和白大衣高血压组(WCH)。其中白大衣高血压组根据24 h收缩压变异程度分为:白大衣高血压血压变异性低组(WCH-L),白大衣高血压血压变异性高组(WCH-H)。心脏和颈动脉超声检查:计算二尖瓣环心肌舒张早期峰值运动速度(Em)与舒张晚期峰值运动速度(Am)比值(Em/Am),评价左心室舒张功能及颈动脉损害的发生率。结果 (1)NT组左心室舒张功能减退发生率(21.87%,7例/32例)、颈动脉损害的检出率(18.75%,6例/32例)与WCH-L组(31.11%,14例/45例;22.22%,10例/45例)相近,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.370、0.711);(2)WCH-H组左心室舒张功能减退发生率(52.38%,22例/42例)、颈动脉损害的检出率(42.85%,18例/42例)明显高于NT组(P=0.008、0.028)和WCH-L组(P=0.044、0.040),差异均有统计学意义。结论血压变异性较大的白大衣高血压患者具有较高的靶器官损害发生率。     

动态血压监测中第一小时白大衣现象研究

目的探讨动态血压监测中存在的第1小时白大衣现象及其影响。方法选择2004-2005年门诊和病房住院的患者共626例（其中男性369例,女性257例）年龄范围13～90岁,平均年龄为（55．0±13．7）岁。所有观察对象测量诊室血压,在上午8：30—9：29之间开始监测24小时动态血压,将此期间检测的3次血压平均值作为第1小时血压。结果所有观察对象第1小时的平均收缩压和舒张压显著高于23h、白天、夜间和最后1H的平均水平（P〈0．01）,在不同年龄、性别组人群中也同样存在此种现象。女性中自大衣现象显著高于男性[第1小时平均血压一白天平均血压：女性：（9．5±13．4／6．0±7．8）mmHg（1mmHg：0．133kPa）;男性：（5．5±11．9／4．2±7．8）mmHg,P〈0．01],而各年龄组间差异无统计学意义。结论动态血压监测中,普遍存在着明显的第1小时内血压升高的现象,建议在临床上判断血压水平和诊断中,删除第1小时的记录数据,以便更加准确客观地反映患者的真实血压水平,在临床药物疗效观察评价及科学研究中尤其重要。     

原发性高血压患者中的白大衣效应及其与血压变异性的相关性

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者中的白大衣效应的发生率及其与血压变异性的相关性.方法 1级、2级原发性高血压患者410例自愿参加本研究.受试者自测1周家庭血压,根据诊室血压与家庭血压情况进行分类:未治疗患者分为白大衣性高血压(n=38)和持续性高血压(n=66);已治疗患者分为已控制高血压(n=131)、白大衣未控制高血压(...     

白大衣现象对血压影响的临床意义

白大衣现象对血压影响的临床意义黄建凤刘国仗早在本世纪４０年代就有学者注意到患者在诊疗单位测量血压与在家中测量血压值有差别；随着无创性动态血压监测技术的应用，欧美学者开始探讨引起这种差别的原因；８０年代在多个大规模多中心抗高血压临床试验期间，有部分患者...     

白大衣性高血压及其防治

人们测得的血压值除与自身的血压水平有关外,还受到环境和心理因素的影响,有不少病人在医生测血压时血压升高,而当离开医疗环境回家自测血压时,血压降至正常。随着24小时动态血压监测(24hABPM)的应用,发现有的病人在医院测得血压上升,而ABPM测血压则为正常,这种血压称之为白大衣性高血压(white-coathypertension,WCH)。1　WCH的发生率[1～2]白大衣性高血压的特点是,收缩压(SBP)一般比正常高20mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),舒张压(DBP)较正常高10mmHg左右。1995年,Verdecchia等监测未经治疗的1333名原发性高血压患者的24小时ABPM,结果发…     

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG HYPERLEPTINEMIA,HYPERINSULINEMIA, AND HYPERTENSION

Studies reveals that plasma leptin levels (LEP) in females are higher than those in males, and that LEP in hypertensive subjects are higher than those in BMI-matched normotensive subjects. To investigate the relationships among LEP, blood pressure (BP) and insulin sensitivity, we studied these relationships in 133 Japanese males and 263 females. LEP were positively correlated with BP, body mass index, body fat mass (FM) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Regression analysis in which age and FM were adjusted showed LEP were associated with BP and HOMA. Even with adjustment by age, FM and HOMA, LEP were still positively correlated BP in males. LEP in insulin-resistant hypertensives was significantly higher than those in insulin-sensitive hypertensives, in insulin-sensitive normotensives and in insulin-resistant normotensives in males. However, in females, a significantly higher LEP was observed in insulin-resistant subjects than in insulin-sensitive subjects regardless of hypertension. These data suggest that it would be sexual difference in the relationships among hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertension.     

海捷亚治疗高龄高血压患者疗效和耐受性的研究

目的高龄患者由于肝肾功能的减退,常规剂量药物治疗往往会带来更多的不良反应。本文旨在评价应用常规剂量海捷亚（氯沙坦50mg。氢氯噻嗪12．5mg固定复方制剂治疗高龄高血压患者的降压疗效,对血钾、尿酸、肾功能等的影响及不良反应。方法63例≥80岁的高龄高血压患者。对照组为54例年龄在65—79岁的老年高血压患者。两组均给予海捷亚1^#/d,用药4周。测定用药前后血压、血尿酸、血清钾、血肌酐及用药后不良反应。结果：两组用药4周后血压均明显降低,两组间降压幅度没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组治疗前后血清钾、血尿酸、血肌酐变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,且无明显不良反应。结论海捷亚在高龄高血压患者中降压疗效肯定．不会引起低血压、血钾升高,降低、血尿酸的升高、肾功能减退,没有不能耐受的不良反应。     

老年性单纯收缩期高血压患者的左心结构和功能

用彩色多普勒超声心动图仪测量63例单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)的左室结构和功能,发现ISH的左室重量指数142±23.9 g/m~2大于对照组122.5±25.6 g/m~2(P<0.05);ISH的二尖瓣血流心房收缩速度59±10.9 cm·s~(-1)高于对照组50±12.6 cm·s~(-1)(P<0.05)。结果表明,ISH患者存在着左室肥厚和舒张功能异常,有效降低ISH的收缩压,可望逆转左室肥厚和异常的舒张功能,减少ISH患者的心血管并发症的发生和死亡。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法2003￣2004年来我院老年高血压患者共72例(男68例女4例),根据动态血压监测(ABPM)结果分为正常昼夜节律组,即杓型组(n=37,男35例女2例)和异常昼夜节律组,即非杓型组(n=35,男33例女2例)。对所有患者均行颈动脉超声检查,测定右侧颈总动脉(RCCA)、颈内动脉(RICA)内膜中层厚度(IMT)、管腔内径(D),并计算各自的IMT/D值,测定右侧颈动脉分叉处(RBIF)的IMT,观察并记录双侧颈动脉系统斑块的大小、数量。结果(1)两组年龄(Age)、体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、全天平均收缩压(24hMSP)、全天平均舒张压(24hMDP)比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)两组的RCCA及RICA的IMT、D、IMT/D比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而右颈动脉分叉处IMT,非杓型组明显高于杓型组(P<0.001)。(3)两组总斑块检出率无显著差异,但多发性斑块检出率非杓型组显著高于杓型组(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化明显相关,异常的血压昼夜节律提示可能存在更严重的靶器官损害。     

AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRUE AND WHITE-COAT RESISTANT HYPERTENSION

The resistant hypertension has been differentiated in true resistant hypertension and white-coat resistant hypertension by using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. White-coat resistant hypertension was defined as high clinic blood pressure, despite triple treatment for at least 3 months, but day-time blood pressure values < 135/85 mmHg. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of different clinical characteristics between two types of resistant hypertension.

The study group consisted of 49 patients with essential hypertension, resistant to an adequate and appropriate triple-drug therapy, that included a diuretic, with all 3 drugs prescribed in near maximal doses and that had persistently elevated clinic blood pressure (>140/90 mm Hg), for at least 3 months. They represented the 2% of 2500 hypertensive outpatients that referred at our Hypertension Unit. Patients with white-coat resistant hypertension (n=19) were older (p<0.05) than those with true resistant hypertension (n=30). The sodium intake (p<0.05) and alcohol intake (p<0.05) were significantly higher in patients with true resistant hypertension than in those with white-coat resistant hypertension. The renin plasma activity and plasma aldosterone were higher (p<0.05) in patients with true resistant hypertension than in those with white-coat resistant hypertension with normal plasma electrolyte balance. There were no significant differences in mean values of office systolic and diastolic blood pressures between white coat resistant hypertensives and true resistant hypertensives (165+17 vs 172+28 and 98+12 vs 102+14 mmHg).

Day-time and night-time ambulatory 24-h-systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the true resistant hypertensive patients when compared with white-coat resistant hypertensives (153+15 vs 124+10 mmHg and 97+9 vs 76+6 mmHg all p<0.001). Day-time and night-time ambulatory 24-h-heart rate were significantly higher in the true resistant hypertensive patients when compared with white-coat resistant hypertensives (79+11 vs 71+9 beats/min;p<0.01; 68+9 vs 60+6 beats/min. p<0.001). The ABP readings were analysed by a Fourier series with 4 harmonics. According to the runs test both two groups of patients showed a circadian rhythm for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The nocturnal fall in SBP, DBP and HR was not different in both groups of patients.

In conclusion, our findings showed that true resistant hypertensive patients were characterized both by higher heart rate and higher plasma renin activity values as an expression of a possible increased sympathetic activity. Thus, the combination of ABPM with the assessment of the clinical characteristics allow to differentiate better the true drug-resistant hypertension from the white coat resistant hypertension.     

血压变异及左室肥厚是老年高血压发生心脑血管事件的危险因子

目的探讨老年高血压病患者的昼夜动态血压变异程度及左室质量指数(LVMI)与心脑血管事件发生的关系。方法采集近年来因心脑血管疾病住院的老年高血压病患者共269例。年龄在65～87岁之间,均有身高、体重、心电图、血清胆固醇、二维心超、24小时动态血压及脑CT的检查资料,并将其分成心脑血管事件发生组(A组)与未发生组(B组)进行比较。结果269例中A组154例,B组115例,A组的LVMI与昼夜血压标准差(SD)均明显高于B组(P<0.01)。而血清胆固醇、心电图等一般情况与B组无显著差异。结论左室肥厚与血压变异呈正相关性,而血压变异程度又是独立并显著地与心脑血管事件有关系,并且随着血压变异增大,心脑血管事件的发生率同比增大,靶器官损害加重。     

667例喀麦隆黑人高血压临床分析

本文报告了667例黑人高血压的某些临床特点,本组高血压患者血压较高,平均血压26.1/16.2kPa(196/122mmHg)。平均身高1.80m,平均体重90.5kg,平均每人每天食盐的摄入量为15.69g。血离子图均在正常范围内,唯血尿素较低,血尿酸较高。并发症以周围动脉硬化症较多(110/667例),面脑溢血,心肌梗塞、心衰少见。     

老年单纯收缩期高血压左室肥厚心律失常研究

目的研究老年单纯收缩期高血压患者左室肥厚与心律失常关系。方法60岁以上老年单纯收缩期高血压患者63例,平均年龄77.67±5.67岁,其中男性49例,女性14例,排除其他继发性高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等疾病,分别测量身高、体重、血脂、血糖、肝肾功能、心脏彩超、24小时动态心电图监测。计算BMI、左室重量(LVM)、左室重量指数(LVMI),根据结果分为左室肥厚组(LVH)及非左室肥厚组(non-LVH),分析其心律失常情况。63例老年单纯收缩期高血压患者,检出左室肥厚患者20例,占31.75%;非左室肥厚患者43例,占68.25%。结果左室肥厚组与非左室肥厚组在年龄、血脂水平、BMI、房性心律失常的检出率等各项指标上无统计学意义。复杂性室性心律失常(Lown3-6级)的发生率与非左室肥厚组比较有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论左室肥厚可能是引起老年单纯收缩期高血压患者复杂性室性心律失常的一个重要原因。     

CAROTID REMODELING IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: ROLE OF BLOOD PRESSURE,INDEXED PARAMETERS,AND ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIAC MASS AND AORTIC STIFFNESS

The role of blood pressure on carotid remodeling, using no indexed and indexed parameters, was studied in essential hypertension. Carotid parameters were also compared to cardiac mass and aortic stiffness. Forty untreated hypertensive men had echocardiography, carotid ultrasonography and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurements. Cross-sectional area index was associated essentially with the 24-hour systolic blood pressure whereas intima-media thickness was related especially to the 24-hour pulse pressure. Carotid intima-media thickness and cross-sectional area indexes were less related to blood pressure variables than non-indexed parameters. There is an independent association between 24-hour pulse pressure and left ventricular mass index and pulse wave velocity. To conclude, blood pressure, particularly pulse pressure, is associated with vascular and cardiac alterations. The indexation by the body surface area do not provide any additional information in the association between carotid and blood pressure parameters.     

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF AMLODIPINE AND LOSARTAN ON 24-HOUR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Effects of amlodipine (AML), a long-acting calcium antagonist, and losartan (LOS), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on 24-hr blood pressure profile were compared in 15 patients with essential hypertension. After 4 weeks of placebo period, the patients were treated with AML or LOS in a random cross-over design for 12–16 weeks each. Either drug was given once daily at 0800 and the doses were titrated so that the office blood pressure was reduced lower than 140/90 mmHg. At the end of each period, 24-hr blood pressure was monitored. Average office blood pressure was lowered from 158 ± 2/ 98 ± 2 mmHg to 134 ± 1/87 ± 1 mmHg by AML and 134 ± 2/88 ± 1 mmHg by LOS. Average 24-hr blood pressure was also reduced from 144 ± 3/ 92 ± 2 mmHg to 131 ± 2/84 ± 2 mmHg by AML and 135 ± 3/85 ± 2 mmHg by LOS. The averaged 24-hr systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in AML than in LOS (p < 0.05). Then, the 24-hr blood pressure was analyzed for four segments; morning (0530–0900 h), daytime (0930–1800 h), evening (1830–2300 h) and night (2330–0500 h). Although the daytime blood pressure was comparable between AML and LOS, systolic blood pressure in the evening and morning hours were lower in AML than in LOS (133 ± 2 vs. 138 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.01; 129 ± 3 vs. 134 ± 4, p < 0.05). Trough to peak ratio of antihypertensive effect on systolic blood pressure was significantly greater in AML than in LOS (62 ± 5% vs. 55 ± 4%, p < 0.05). Either drug did not cause reflective increase in pulse rate over 24 hours. These results suggest that both AML and LOS are equally effective in lowering daytime blood pressure without eliciting reflex tachycardia, however, the antihypertensive effect of AML lasts longer than that of LOS. Such information seems important to achieve 24-hr blood pressure control using these drugs.