The prevalence of hypertension in seven populations of west African origin.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to describe the distribution of blood pressures, hypertension prevalence, and associated risk factors among seven populations of West African origin. METHODS: The rates of hypertension in West Africa (Nigeria and Cameroon), the Caribbean (Jamaica, St. Lucia, Barbados), and the United States (metropolitan Chicago, Illinois) were compared on the basis of a highly standardized collaborative protocol. After researchers were given central training in survey methods, population-based samples of 800 to 2500 adults over the age of 25 were examined in seven sites, yielding a total sample of 10014. RESULTS: A consistent gradient of hypertension prevalence was observed, rising from 16% in West Africa to 26% in the Caribbean and 33% in the United States. Mean blood pressures were similar among persons aged 25 to 34, while the increase in hypertension prevalence with age was twice as steep in the United States as in Africa. Environmental factors, most notably obesity and the intake of sodium and potassium, varied consistently with disease prevalence across regions. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the determining role of social conditions in the evolution of hypertension risk in these populations.     

Association between socioeconomic status and adiposity in urban Cameroon

BACKGROUND: As the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity may depend on the stage of development of a country, this relation is assessed in adults from urban Cameroon. METHODS: A sample comprising 1530 women and 1301 men aged 25 years and above, from 1897 households in the Biyem-Assi health area in the capital of Cameroon, Yaoundé, were interviewed about their household amenities, occupation, and education. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured and subjects were classified as obese if their BMI>or=30 kg/m2 or overweight if BMI was between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference>or=80 cm in women and>or=94 cm in men. RESULTS: Of the sample studied 33% of women and 30% of men were overweight (P<0.08), whereas 22% of women and 7% of men were obese (P<0.001). Abdominal obesity was present in 67% of women and 18% of men (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, leisure time physical activity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking, the prevalence of overweight+obesity, obesity, and abdominal obesity increased with quartiles of household amenities in both genders and with occupational level in men. CONCLUSION: SES is positively associated with adiposity in urban Cameroon after adjusting for confounding factors.     

Adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in renal transplant recipients: Are there differences between sexes?

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate high body adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors prevalence, in renal transplant recipients (RTR), comparing men with women.MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, 102 patients (55 men) who were 49 ± 1.2 y and 114.3 ± 9 mo post-transplant (post-tx) were evaluated. Pretransplant (pre-tx) period data and weight gain during the first year post-tx were obtained from patient charts and post-tx data were collected during a routine visit at nephrology clinic. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² defined overweight and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² defined obesity.ResultsPre-tx overweight prevalence was low and similar between men and women (26%), whereas only women showed obesity (11%). Post-tx body weight increased significantly in the entire group, leading to an increase in overweight (to 38% in men and 51% in women) and obesity (to 11% in men and 23% in women) prevalence. Post-tx comparisons between men and women showed that women had higher (women versus men; P < 0.05) BMI values (26.7 ± 0.8 versus 24.7 ± 0.5 kg/m²), weight gain during first year post-tx (9.2 ± 1.1 versus 5.5 ± 1 kg), abdominal obesity (57% versus 23%) and diabetes (34% versus 16%) prevalence. The associations between adiposity and CVD risk factors showed that pre-tx overweight increased the risk for diabetes in post-tx; pos-tx high BMI and abdominal obesity increased the risk for metabolic syndrome; abdominal obesity increased the risk for dyslipidemia in women.ConclusionsHigh body adiposity prevalence was high after transplantation and increased the risk for metabolic syndrome, an important CVD risk factor. Women showed higher total body adiposity values, abdominal obesity, and diabetes prevalence than men. Abdominal obesity increased the risk for dyslipidemia in women.     

Cardiovascular risk profile of mothers of a Portuguese birth cohort: A survey 4 years after delivery

Objectives

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of smoking, low fruit and vegetable intake, sedentariness, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus in mothers of a Portuguese birth cohort, 4 years after delivery.

Methods

A birth cohort was assembled at public maternities of Porto (2005–2006). Children and mothers were reevaluated 4 years later. In this analysis, 5435 women were included. Socioeconomic characteristics, smoking, diet and exercise were self-reported. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured. A subgroup of 2483 randomly selected women provided a fasting venous blood sample for lipid and glucose measurements.

Results

Overall, 25.3% women smoked, 71.5% consumed < 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day, 81.3% were sedentary, 31.4% were overweight, 21.3% obese and 31.8% had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus was 8.7%, 18.5% and 0.9%, respectively. At least one risk factor from each of the 3 groups (adverse lifestyles, adiposity and cardiometabolic comorbidities) was observed in 17.4% of women. Except for smoking, all risk factors were associated with unemployment, lower education and lower income.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of unfavorable lifestyles and adiposity, and the aggregation of risk factors emphasize the adverse cardiovascular risk profile at a young age.     

秦皇岛市北戴河区居民肥胖与相关慢性疾病的影响因素

目的研究秦皇岛市北戴河区肥胖与相关慢性疾病的影响因素。方法采用随机抽样方法,于2010年8—10月对北戴河区20～92岁居民进行面对面调查,抽取3 569人,用询问调查法获得个人基本情况和相关因素,测量身高、体重。结果超重、全身性肥胖和腹型肥胖总患病率分别为36.79%、13.28%和54.08%;不同性别的人群超重率、全身性肥胖率和腹型肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2=126.31,P0.01;χ2=63.85,P0.01;χ2=14.91,P0.01);不同年龄人群超重率、全身性肥胖率和腹型肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2=93.15,P0.01;χ2=6.002,P=0.01;χ2=24.70,P0.01);不同文化程度的人群超重率、全身性肥胖率和腹型肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.49,P0.01;χ2=126.31,P0.01;χ2=13.11,P0.01);与体重正常人群比较,超重和肥胖人群高血压、血糖异常和甘油三酯升高危险性较高,其OR值分别为2.86,2.94,3.52和5.06,4.19,6.37)。结论肥胖者易患高血压、血糖异常、血脂异常等慢性疾病,应采取有效的措施预防和控制肥胖。     

Activity energy expenditure and adiposity among black adults in Nigeria and the United States

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is higher among populations in industrialized than in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the relations of activity energy expenditure (AEE) with adiposity and weight change in 2 black populations with different levels of obesity. DESIGN: Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) were measured and AEE was calculated in 58 Nigerian and 34 US black women and men. Weight was remeasured after > or = 1 y in a subset of participants. AEE adjusted for body size and TDEE adjusted for REE were calculated with the use of the residual regression method. The cross-sectional relations between percentage body fat and activity were modeled by using regression analysis, and longitudinal relations between weight change and adjusted energy expenditure variables were calculated. RESULTS: Women and men from the United States weighed more, had more body fat, and had higher levels of TDEE, REE, and AEE than did those from Nigeria. Cross-sectionally, AEE was negatively associated with adiposity after adjustment for body size and age (P < 0.001), regardless of site. Between 60% and 80% of the variance in adiposity was explained by AEE or TDEE. REE, AEE, and TDEE adjusted for body size and age were negatively correlated with weight change among Nigerian women but not men. CONCLUSIONS: The significant difference observed in mean adiposity between Nigerians and US blacks was not explained by differences in AEE. However, a low AEE was an important determinant of high percentages of body fat in black adults and was associated with increased weight gain in Nigerian women.     

1995-2002年上海宝钢集团职工超重肥胖率的流行趋势

目的探讨上海宝钢集团股份公司（简称宝钢）职工超重和肥胖率的动态变化。方法回顾性分析1995-2002年期间宝钢职工隔年体检资料,根据体质指数（body mass index,BMI）≥24kg／m^2而〈28kg／m^2和≥28kg／m^2分别诊断超重和肥胖,采用SPSS11．5和SAS统计软件进行分析。结果1995-2002年期间共有59131人次参加健康体检,其中参加4次者27．1％,3次者26．6％,2次者占24．0％。总体超重和肥胖率进行性别、年龄校正后,分别从1995-1996年的26．50％和4．10％上升至2001-2002年的34．60％和7．70％。进行年龄校正后,男性超重和肥胖率分别从28．20％和4．20％升高至37．90％和8．40％;女性超重和肥胖率分别从19．60％和3．70％升高至21．10％和5．20％,男性改变更为显著。在男性中,60岁以前各年龄段超重和肥胖率均随时间进展逐年升高;女性除30岁以前年龄段超重率和50-60岁年龄段肥胖率基本表现为逐年升高外,其余年龄段超重和肥胖率变化不明显。结论1995-2002年,上海市宝钢职工超重肥胖率不断增高,其中以中青年男性改变最为显著,该人群应成为疾病防治的重点。     

Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in a Turkish population (trabzon city, Turkey)

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity (general and central) in the Trabzon Region and its associations with demographic factors (age, sex, marital status, reproductive history in women, and level of education), socioeconomic factors (household income and occupation), family history of selected medical conditions (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity), lifestyle factors (smoking habits, physical activity, and alcohol consumption), and hypertension in the adult population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A sample of households was systematically selected from the central province of Trabzon and its five towns, namely, Sürmene, Vakfikebir, Ma?ka, Hayrat, and Tonya. A total of 5016 subjects (2728 women and 2288 men) were included in the study. Individuals more than 20 years old were selected from their family health cards. Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, family history of selected medical conditions, and lifestyle factors were obtained for all participants. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure levels were measured for all subjects. Study procedures were carried out in the local health centers in each town over an 8-month period. Obesity was defined as BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 and overweight as BMI = 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 23.5%: 29.4% in women and 16.5% in men. The combined prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 60.3%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 29.4%: 38.9% among women and 18.1% among men. The prevalence of obesity increased with age, being highest in the 60- to 69-year-old age group (40.8%) but lower again in the 70+ age group. Obesity was associated positively with marital status, parity, cessation of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and household income and inversely with level of education, cigarette use, and physical activity. Also, obesity was associated positively with hypertension. DISCUSSION: In the Trabzon Region, 60.3% of the adult population presents with some excess weight. Obesity is a major public health problem that requires generalized interventions to prevent it among the adult population.     

Waist circumference as a measurement of obesity in the Netherlands Antilles; associations with hypertension and diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate waist circumference (WC) as a screening tool for obesity in a Caribbean population. To identify risk groups with a high prevalence of (central) obesity in a Caribbean population, and to evaluate associations between (central) obesity and self-reported hypertension and diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Population-based study. SUBJECTS: A random sample of adults (18 y or older) was selected from the Population Registries of three islands of the Netherlands Antilles. Response was over 80%. Complete data were available for 2025 subjects. INTERVENTION: A questionnaire and measurements of weight, height, waist and hip. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Central obesity indicator (WC > or =102 cm men, > or =88 cm women). RESULTS: WC was positively associated with age (65-74 y vs 18-24 y) in men (OR=7.7, 95% CI 3.4-17.4) and women (OR=6.4, 95% CI 3.2-12.7). Women with a low education had a higher prevalence of central obesity than women with a high education (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7). However, men with a high income had a higher prevalence of a central obesity than men with a low income (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.6). WC was the strongest independent obesity indicator associated with self-reported hypertension (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.0) and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: The identified risk groups were women aged 55-74 y, women with a low educational level and men with a high income. WC appears to be the major obesity indicator associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. SPONSORSHIP: Island Governments of Saba, St Eustatius and Bonaire, the Federal Government of the Netherlands Antilles, Dutch Directorate for Kingdom relationships.     

Social class, family, and life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Peruvian cities

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore social and behavioral factors associated with obesity in Peruvian cities. DESIGN: Between 1998 and 2000 health examination surveys were conducted among adults in 1176 families identified in six cities. Stratified by social class, multistaged random sampling was used. Using body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), men and women were classified into normal weight (BMI <25), overweight (BMI 25-29), or obese (BMI > or =30); abdominal circumference (> or =94 cm in men and > or =84 cm in women) further identified morbidity risk. Several demographic, social, and behavioral variables were collected following standardized procedures. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, 37% of women were categorized as normal weight, 40% overweight, and 23% obese; corresponding figures for men were 40, 44, and 16%. More developed cities, e.g., Lima, Arequipa, and Ica, had the largest prevalence of overweight and obesity for both men and women. Adjusted logistic models showed that BMI > or =25 was positively correlated with age; whereas, education was negatively associated, only among women. Other significant associated factors of overweight included city of residence, television viewing > or =4 h daily in women, and underestimation of body weight status. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed elevated rates of overweight across the income level spectrum. Factors such as urban development stage, income, education, and gender posed differential relationships with the risk of overweight and must be considered in designing future public health interventions. Underestimation of body weight status and sedentary behavior may also constitute specific areas of intervention.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly people in Spain

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the older adult population in Spain by sex, age, and educational level. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2001 in a sample of 4009 persons representative of the noninstitutionalized population > or = 60 years of age. Anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist circumference) were obtained using standardized techniques and equipment. Overweight was considered at a BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity at a BMI of > or = 30 kg/m2. Central obesity was considered at a waist circumference of >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 28.2 kg/m2 in men and 29.3 kg/m2 in women. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in men was 49% and 31.5%, respectively. The corresponding percentages in women were 39.8% and 40.8%. The prevalence of obesity was higher in persons with no education than in those with third level education (i.e., university studies), especially among women (41.8% vs. 17.5%). The prevalence of central obesity was 48.4% in men and 78.4% in women. Differences by educational level were seen in only women, in whom the prevalence of central obesity was 80.9% in those with no education and 59% in those with third-level education. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Spanish adult elderly population is very high. Some other populations show similar prevalences, especially in Mediterranean countries. Socioeconomic conditions in Spain during the years these cohorts were born may partly explain the high-frequency of obesity.     

Nutritional status of the adult population in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the nutrition, physical activity, and health survey

A household survey was conducted to assess the nutritional status of the adult population in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In the selected households, all adults (>or= 20 years) had their body mass and stature measured. Body mass index (BMI) was used to determine the nutritional status according to the World Health Organization classification. The population estimates showed low prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5kg/m(2)), while 45.8% of women and 49.6% of men were overweight/obese (BMI >or= 25kg/m(2)). Obesity prevalence varied from 5.6% to 19.3% in men and from 9.6% to 21.3% in women, according to age. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was not associated with income (in either men and women) or schooling (in men), but there was an inverse relationship between schooling and overweight/obesity in women. The prevalence of underweight decreased with increasing mean income in the census enumeration area. The authors conclude that overweight/obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in both men and women in Niterói. This pattern resembles recent results for the adult population in Southeast Brazil as a whole, where Niterói is located.     

Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the workers of a general hospital in Mexico

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the first Prevalencia de factores de nesso cardiovascular en Trabajadores survey (1994) with the prevalence of overweight and obesity observed in the second survey (1996). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: For both surveys the following individual data were collected: age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). The 1994 survey included 2383 people and the 1996 survey included 2759 people. The degree of BMI was classified according to the current World Health Organization definitions. The population was divided by gender and age group, and the prevalence of each level of overweight was calculated. Additionally, the prevalence of different cutoff levels of BMI was calculated by gender and age groups. RESULTS: The global prevalence of age-adjusted overweight increased from 26.91% to 37.45%. This increase was observed in both genders but the men had a higher increase from 24.51% to 40.21%. Overweight was more frequent in men than in women in all age groups. Male overweight prevalence was higher in the 40- to 59-year-old group and > or = 60-year-old group. Female overweight prevalence was predominant in the 30- to 39-year-old, 40- to 49-year-old, and 50- to 59-year-old groups. Global prevalence of obesity (> or =30 kg/m(2)) changed from 13.8% to 17.2%. Particularly, global prevalence of obesity class I increased from 9.66% to 12.6%; in men this figure increased from 9.04% to 13.05% and in women from 9.9% to 12.71%. DISCUSSION: Prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly in the studied population. It is necessary to implement lifestyle modifications to prevent the increase of prevalence of overweight and obesity.     

Metabolic and anthropometric profile of Aruák Indians: Mehináku, Waurá and Yawalapití in the Upper Xingu, Central Brazil, 2000-2002

The objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric and metabolic profile of Aruák Indians (Mehináku, Waurá, and Yawalapití) in the Upper Xingu, Central Brazil. In July 2000 and October 2002, 201 subjects of both genders and aged >or= 20 years were submitted to physical (anthropometric and blood pressure measures) and laboratory (fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, and uric acid) examination. As compared to females, males had lower mean skinfold thickness measurements and serum HDL cholesterol, and higher body mass index, arm circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, and uric acid. The prevalence rates for overweight (51.8%), obesity (15%), dyslipidemia (77.1%), and hypertension (37.7%) were higher among men than women, but prevalence of abdominal obesity (52.1%) was higher among women than men, independently of age and origin. These results corroborate the need to implement measures to control and prevent obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among these indigenous peoples.     

Changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their risk factors in Spain, 1987-1997.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of the changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity with the changes in some of their risk factors in Spain from 1987 to 1997. METHODS: Data were obtained from three interview-based health surveys, covering representative samples of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population aged 16 years and over and undertaken in 1987 (n = 17,434), 1995 (n = 4,736), and 1997 (n = 4,678). To compensate for the different sample sizes, the 1995 and 1997 surveys were combined. Risk factors for obesity and overweight considered in this study were age, educational level, physical activity at work, physical activity during leisure time, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and civil status. Data analysis was performed with logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (body mass index >or= 25 kg/m(2)) rose from 35.6% in 1987 to 40.9% in 1995/1997 among women and from 47.1 to 56.2% among men. In the period 1987-1995/1997, the proportion of persons with secondary or university education increased by 11.3% in women and 10.8% in men. Similarly, the prevalence of intense or regular leisure-time physical activity increased by 5.7 and 6.2% in women and men, respectively. The remaining risk factors for overweight and obesity registered no substantial change in prevalence over the study period. The prevalence of overweight and obesity expected in 1995/1997, had educational level and leisure-time physical activity been the same as in 1987, is higher than the observed figures; for educational level, expected figures are 7.3 and 1.4% higher than those observed among women and men, respectively, while for leisure-time physical activity corresponding values are 2.8 and 1.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Spain from 1987 to 1997 may have been attenuated by an increase in leisure-time physical activity and by an improvement in educational level, particularly among women. The contribution to overweight and obesity trends attributable to physical activity at work or to tobacco and alcohol consumption appears to be small or null.     

Frequency of attendance at religious services, overweight, and obesity in American women and men: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

PURPOSE: Few data have been published on the association of overweight and obesity and indices of religiousness, a putative protective factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, in representative samples of multiethnic total populations. METHODS: To test the hypothesis that frequency of attendance at religious services is unrelated to the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the following data from American men and women aged 20 years and older (N = 16,657) in a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were analyzed: self-reported frequency of attendance at religious services, cigarette smoking, health status, sociodemographic variables, and measured body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: In persons 20 years and older, 58% of frequent attenders (> or = 52 times/y) and 53% of others were overweight or obese (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2). After stratifying to eliminate interactions in a logistic regression model and controlling for sociodemographics, smoking, and health status, no significant association was seen in European-American women overall. In all others, the significant positive associations of frequency of attendance and overweight could be explained by these other variables (fully adjusted odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.36; p = 0.08). The same was true for obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2). CONCLUSION: In a national sample of the US population, the prevalence of overweight or obesity is greater in self-reported frequent attenders of religious services than in others, but the association was explained by controlling for multiple sociodemographic and health variables.     

Obesity in South Africa: the South African demographic and health survey

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the anthropometric profile and determinants of obesity in South Africans who participated in the Demographic and Health Survey in 1998. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A sample of 13,089 men and women (age, > or =15 years) were randomly selected and then stratified by province and urban and nonurban areas. Height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was used as an indicator of obesity, and the waist/hip ratio (WHR) was used as an indicator of abdominal obesity. Multivariate regression identified sociodemographic predictors of BMI and waist circumference in the data. RESULTS: Mean BMI values for men and women were 22.9 kg/m(2) and 27.1 kg/m(2), respectively. For men, 29.2% were overweight or obese (> or =25 kg/m(2)) and 9.2% had abdominal obesity (WHR > or =1.0), whereas 56.6% of women were overweight or obese and 42% had abdominal obesity (WHR >0.85). Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) was found in 12.2% of men and 5.6% of women. For men, 19% of the variation of BMI and 34% of the variation in waist circumference could be explained by age, level of education, population group, and area of residence. For women, these variables explained 16% of the variation of BMI and 24% of the variation in waist circumference. Obesity increased with age, and higher levels of obesity were found in urban African women. DISCUSSION: Overnutrition is prevalent among adult South Africans, particularly women. Determinants of overnutrition include age, level of education, ethnicity, and area of residence.     

中国九省区1993—2006年成年人腰围分布的变化及中心性肥胖流行趋势分析

目的 分析1993-2006年中国9省区20～65岁的成年居民腰围分布的变化及中心性肥胖的流行趋势.方法 以1993、1997、2000、2004和2006年"中国健康与营养调查"资料中20～65岁健康成年人作为研究对象,应用Stata软件分析成年人腰围分布的变化,并使用LMS方法分别拟合男性和女性各调查年份P15、P50和P85百分位数曲线;以2002年由卫生部疾病控制司颁布实施的<中国成年人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南>中男性腰围≥85 cm、女性腰围≥80 cm作为判断成年人中心性肥胖的标准,应用SAS软件分析成年人腰围分布和中心性肥胖率的城乡差别及腰围与BMI的相关性.结果 1993-2006年中国20～65岁成年男性腰围均值从77.1 cm增加至82.9 cm,中心性肥胖率从17.9%增加至42.5%,平均增长速度为1.9%;女性腰围均值从75.8 cm增加至78.9 cm,中心性肥胖率从28.8%增加至46.9%,平均增长速度为1.4%.男性和40岁以上农村女性是腰围和中心性肥胖率增长最快的人群.由于农村女性腰围和中心性肥胖率的增长均高于城市女性,到2006年女性腰围和中心性肥胖率的城乡差异消失.BMI处于正常范围的成年人中心性肥胖率呈现增加的趋势,2006年BMI正常的男性中有21.6%、女性中有27.4%处于中心性肥胖状态. 结论 1993-2006年中国20～65岁成年居民腰围呈现逐年增大的趋势;随着腰围的增大,中心性肥胖率也呈现逐年增加,男性腰围及中心性肥胖率的增长幅度高于女性;只有控制成年人腰围和中心性肥胖率过快增长,才能有效地控制与肥胖相关的慢性非传染性疾病患病率的增加.     

腰臀比和体重指数与非酒精性脂肪肝的相关性研究

目的探讨长沙市某单位职工人群腰臀比值、体重指数与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)等危险因素的相关性及流行病学特征。方法选择2006年4-12月长沙市某单位职工人群3872例进行健康体检,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血脂、血糖、肝功等指标,并按腰臀比值、体重指数进行分组,分析各组与NAFLD肥胖、高脂血症、高血压、高血糖等危险因素的相关性及流行病学特征。结果受检者肥胖、超重、中心型肥胖、高脂血症、高血压、高血糖、NAFLD的患病率分别为37.8%、25.4%、39.0%、43.1%、23.9%、6.7%、25.3%。中心型肥胖组(按WHR分型)和外周型肥胖组(按BMI分型)NAFLD的患病率明显高于正常体型和正常体重组。中心型肥胖与外周型肥胖与NAFLD的患病率呈正相关。结论长沙市某单位职工人群以肥胖、高血脂、高血压、高血糖等表现为特征的NAFLD的患病率明显增高,尤其是高脂血症值得关注。肥胖、高脂血症是诱发高血压、高血糖导致NAFLD的独立危险因素,中心型肥胖比外周型肥胖危险性更大。腰臀比值与体重指数都可作为NAFLD的危险预测因素,腰臀比值比体重指数特异性更高,两者结合可明显提高NAFLD风险预测的特异性和敏感性。