Red blood cell distribution width as a marker of cerebral infarction in hemodialysis patients

Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a cardiovascular biomarker. We evaluated the association between RDW and cerebral stroke risk in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: A cohort of 442 adult patients on hemodialysis was studied. Strokes were defined according to ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Routine complete blood counts, evaluated every 3–6?months, were used for RDW values.

Results: Among 442 hemodialysis patients, during the 50-month follow-up, there were 62 cases (14.0%) of cerebral stroke: 41 (9.3%) with cerebral infarction and 21 (4.8%) with cerebral hemorrhage. Compared with nonstroke patients, a significantly higher RDW was measured in patients with cerebral stroke and cerebral infarction. However, no significant difference was seen in RDW between patients with cerebral hemorrhage and nonstroke patients. After adjustment by age, hypertension, albumin, Charlson Comorbidity Score, and C-reactive protein in different multivariable Cox regression models, patients with the highest mean RDW quartile had a 2.55-fold (hazard ratio?=?3.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.33–9.51) higher risk of developing cerebral infarction relative to those with the lowest mean RDW quartile. RDW was not an independent risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage.

Conclusions: Increased RDW is an independent risk factor of cerebral infarction in hemodialysis patients.     

不同年龄腹膜透析患者红细胞体积分布宽度的特点及影响因素

目的近年发现红细胞体积分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)与慢性透析患者预后密切相关,本研究旨在探讨腹膜透析患者RDw的特点及其影响因素。方法纳入我院103例行持续性非卧床腹膜透析治疗的尿毒症患者,根据患者开始腹膜透析时的年龄分为3组:年龄40岁组(37例);年龄40~59岁组(47例);年龄≥60岁组(19例)。比较各组腹膜透析前以及腹膜透析1、3个月的临床指标(收缩压、舒张压、体质量指数、RDW、血红蛋白、血白蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮等)的差异,采用多元线性回归分析腹膜透析患者的年龄和性别对RDW的影响。结果女性患者中RDW≥14.6%的患者所占比例在基线及腹膜透析1、3个月(13.5%、15.4%、17.3%)均高于男性患者(9.8%、7.8%、13.7%)。≥60岁年龄段的基线RDW较其他两个年龄组显著增高(P0.05)。年龄与基线RDW、腹膜透析1个月的RDW呈正相关(r=0.320、0.242,P0.05)。采用多元线性回归分析,并校正相应体质量指数后分析发现,女性(β=0.025,P0.001,95%CI-0.001~0.953)和年龄较大(β=0.025,P0.001,95%CI 0.010~0.040)的患者基线RDW相对较高,同时年龄与腹膜透析1个月的RDW具有显著相关性(β=0.015,P0.05,95%CI 0.001~0.029)。进一步校正同期血红蛋白、血白蛋白和估算肾小球滤过率(或残肾肾小球滤过率)后发现,年龄与基线RDW(β=0.027,P0.001,95%CI 0.011~0.042)及腹膜透析1个月的RDW(β=0.017,P0.05,95%CI0.003~0.031)仍具有显著相关性。结论 RDW是影响透析患者预后的重要因素;老年是RDW的影响因素,这为改善老年透析患者预后提供了新思路。     

肝细胞癌术前红细胞分布宽度的预后价值

目的:探讨肝细胞癌术前红细胞分布宽度（RDW）的预后价值。方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2002年4月至2017年8月国内3家医疗中心收治的1 025例（西安交通大学第一附属医院586例、西安交通大学第二附属医院248例、青海大学附属医院191例）肝细胞癌病人的临床病理资料;男 809例,女216例;年龄为（54±...     

红细胞分布宽度与血小板计数的比值对严重烧伤患者预后的判断价值

目的:探讨伤后第3天外周血红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与血小板计数的比值(RPR)在严重烧伤患者预后中的判断作用.方法:回顾性分析我院2008年1月 201 4年12月收治的符合重度以上烧伤标准的成年患者325例,检测患者伤后第3天RDW和血小板计数.根据患者伤后第3天RPR中位数值将其分为高RPR (RPR≥0.124)组和低RPR (RPR＜0.124)组,收集两组患者性别、年龄、烧伤严重程度、是否有吸入性损伤等指标的数据,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析严重烧伤住院期间生存率并将结果带入Cox回归分析,同时绘制61例死亡患者ROC受试者工作曲线,探讨伤后第3天RPR对严重烧伤患者预后的判断作用.结果:伤后第3天高RPR组和低RPR组在严重烧伤住院期间生存率分别为70.2％(118例)和93.0％(146例),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Cox回归分析提示伤后第3天RPR为预测烧伤死亡的独立危险因素(风险比:0.398,95％置信区间:0.200～0.794,P＜0.01).对61例死亡患者ROC曲线分析提示,伤后第3天RPR值ROC曲线下总面积为0.776(95％置信区间为0.706～0.846,P＜0.01).其中伤后第3天RPR的最佳阈值为0.192时敏感性62.3％,特异性86.3％.结论:伤后第3天RPR对严重烧伤患者预后的预测有临床意义.     

Red blood cell distribution width is an independent risk factor in the prediction of acute respiratory distress syndrome after severe burns

BackgroundThe occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) significantly increases the mortality and morbidity of major burns; there are few laboratory markers that predict the development of ARDS in severe burns. This study was to investigate the relationship between complete blood count (CBC) parameters and the incidence of ARDS in severe burn patients.MethodsAn eight-year retrospective study was performed on 610 severe burn patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Rui Jin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2008 to December 2015. The patients were divided into two groups based on the development of ARDS. A blood sample was taken at admission and CBC parameters were examined. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for the development of ARDS.ResultsOf these 610 patients, 143 developed ARDS giving a rate of 23.44%. The percentage of deep second degree and full thickness burn, inhalation injury and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were independently associated with the development of ARDS in severe burn patients. Every 1% increase in RDW was associated with a 29% increase in the risk to develop ARDS.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that an elevated RDW is associated with an increased risk of ARDS and RDW is an independent risk factor in the prediction of ARDS after severe burns.     

Diagnostic value of procalcitonin and red blood cell distribution width at admission on the prognosis of patients with severe burns: A retrospective analysis

The plasma procalcitonin (PCT) concentration and red blood cell distribution (RDW) value after severe burns can be used as prognostic indicators, but at present, it is difficult to give consideration to sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the prognosis of severe burns with a single indicator. This study analysed the diagnostic value of plasma PCT concentration and RDW value at admission on the prognosis of severe burn patients to improve its sensitivity and specificity. A total of 205 patients with severe burns who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from November 2017 to November 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The optimal cut-off values of plasma PCT concentration and RDW were analysed and counted through the subject curve (ROC curve). According to the cut-off value, patients were divided into high PCT group and low PCT group, high RDW group and low RDW group. The independent risk factors of severe burns were analysed by single-factor and multiple-factor COX regression. Kaplan–Meier survival was used to analyse the mortality of high PCT group and low PCT group, high RDW group and low RDW group. The area under the curve of plasma PCT concentration and RDW value at admission was 0.761 (95% CI, 0.662–0.860, P < .001), 0.687 (95% CI, 0.554–0.820, P = .003) respectively, and the optimal cut-off values of serum PCT concentration and RDW were 2.775 ng/mL and 14.55% respectively. Cox regression analysis found that age, TBSA, and RDW were independent risk factors for mortality within 90 days after severe burns. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the 90-day mortality rate of severe burns between the PCT ≥ 2.775 ng/mL group and the PCT < 2.775 ng/mL group (log-rank: 24.162; P < .001), with the mortality rate of 36.84% versus 5.49%, respectively. The 90-day mortality rate of severe burns was significantly different between the RDW ≥ 14.55% group and the RDW < 14.55% group (log-rank: 14.404; P < .001), with the mortality rate of 44% versus 12.2% respectively. The plasma PCT concentration and RDW value at admission are both of diagnostic value for the 90-day mortality of severe burns, but the plasma PCT concentration has higher sensitivity and the RDW value has higher specificity. Age, TBSA, and RDW were independent risk factors for severe burns, and then plasma PCT concentration was not independent risk factors.     

Red blood cell distribution width at admission predicts outcome in critically ill patients with kidney failure: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC-IV database

PurposeWe aimed to explore whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW) could serve as a biomarker to predict outcomes in critically ill patients with kidney failure in this study.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was conducted with the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV).A total of 674 patients were divided into three groups based on tertiles of RDW. We used the generalized additive model, Kaplan–Meier curve, and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between RDW and clinical outcomes. We then performed subgroup analyses to investigate the stability of the associations between RDW and all-cause mortality.ResultsNonlinear and J-shaped curves were observed in the generalized additive model. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with elevated RDW had a lower survival rate. The Cox regression model indicated that high levels of RDW were most closely associated with ICU mortality and 30-day mortality (HR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.69–11.64 and HR = 6.62, 95% CI: 2.84–15.41). Subgroup analyses indicated that the associations between RDW and all-cause mortality were stable.ConclusionsElevated levels of RDW were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, and RDW could be an independent prognostic factor for kidney failure.     

Relationship between red cell distribution width and early renal injury in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Previous studies found that red cell distribution width was related to adverse cardiovascular events. However, few studies reported the relationship between red cell distribution width and early-stage renal injury in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Using a cross-sectional design, 334 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled according to the criterion of inclusion and exclusion. Demographic and clinical examination data were collected. Depended on the urine albumin, study population were divided into case group (n?=?118) and control group (n?=?216). Compared with control group, the case group tend to be higher red cell distribution width level (13.6?±?0.9 vs.12.5?±?0.6, p?<?0.001). The red cell distribution width was positively associated with albuminuria creatinine ratio (r?=?0.567, p?<?0.001). Multiple logistic regressions showed that red cell distribution width was still associated with early-stage renal injury after adjusting for many other potential cofounders. Compared with the first quartile, the risk ratio of the second, the third and the fourth quartile were 1.38 (95%CI: 1.06–1.80), 1.57 (95%CI: 1.21–2.97), 2.71 (95%CI: 2.08–3.54), respectively. Besides, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen were also significantly associated with renal injury in gestational diabetes mellitus patients. The elevated red cell distribution width level might be a predictor of early-stage renal injury in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. As an easy and routine examination index, red cell distribution width may provide better clinical guidance when combined with other important indices.     

回血方向对血液透析患者残血红细胞存数的影响

目的 比较单向回血法透析器不同方向回血对血液透析患者残血红细胞存数的影响.方法 选择血液透析患者35例,采用自身对照方法,每例患者分别实施动脉端向上回血法和静脉端向上回血法各5次.评估血液透析器凝血状况,测量透析器及管路中残血红细胞存数及回血时间等.结果 在回水量相同的情况下,动脉端向上回血法与静脉端向上回血法相比,透析器凝血状况回血时间以及透析器管路中残血红细胞存数差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 动脉端向上回血法能最大限度降低透析器中残血红细胞存数,减少回血时间.     

红细胞容积分布宽度与肾移植术后ARDS患者病死率的相关性分析

目的  探讨红细胞容积分布宽度（RDW）与肾移植术后急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）患者病死率的相关性。方法  回顾性分析106例肾移植术后ARDS患者的临床资料, 根据RDW的高低分为RDW正常组（≤15.0%, 68例）和RDW升高组（ > 15.0%, 38例）。比较两组患者的基本情况和不良事件发生情况, 绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线比较两组的50 d病死率, 采用Cox比例风险回归分析ARDS患者死亡的风险因素。结果  106例患者中, 50 d内死亡总例数为46例（43.4%）。两组在序贯器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分、血清肌酐、血红蛋白及血小板计数的差异有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。RDW升高组患者的50 d病死率及感染性休克发生率明显高于RDW正常组, 差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）, Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析表明, RDW升高组与正常组患者的50 d病死率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。Cox比例风险回归法单因素分析发现, 血红蛋白 < 100 g/L、血清肌酐 > 133 μmol/L、血小板计数 < 100×10⁹/L、重度ARDS、RDW > 15.0%均为ARDS患者50 d内死亡的潜在危险因素（均为P < 0.05）。多因素分析发现, 重度ARDS[比值比（OR）=12.77, 95%可信区间（CI）11.63~15.39, P < 0.001]和RDW > 15.0%（OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.02~3.94, P < 0.043）为ARDS患者50 d内死亡的独立危险因素。结论  RDW升高与肾移植术后ARDS患者疾病严重程度和50 d病死率相关, 可以作为一项较有意义的预测肾移植术后ARDS患者预后的临床指标。     

Increased red cell distribution width predicts occlusion of the infarct-related artery in STEMI

Objective Infarct-related artery (IRA) patency yields a better outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Red cell distribution width (RDW) emerges as a marker of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in STEMI. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between IRA patency and RDW value on admission in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Methods A total of 564 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were recruited in this study. According to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade in the IRA before PCI, the study population was divided into two groups as TIMI 0 or 1 group (occluded IRA, n?=?398) and TIMI 2 or 3 group (patent IRA, n?=?166). Results RDW was significantly higher in the occluded IRA group (15.1?±?1.7 versus 13.4?±?1.3, p?<?0.001) as compared to the patent IRA group. White blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and troponin-I levels were also significantly higher in the occluded IRA group (p?<?0.05). Moreover, RDW showed positive correlations with troponin-I (r?=?0.397, p?<?0.001), CK-MB (r?=?0.344, p?<?0.001) and WBC (r?=?0.219, p?<?0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, RDW (OR: 0.483, 95% CI: 0.412–0.567, p?<?0.001) and WBC count were significantly and independently associated with IRA patency. Conclusions Our findings suggested that RDW value and WBC count on admission were independent predictors of IRA patency in patients with STEMI. As RDW is an easily available, simple and cheap biomarker, it can be used in daily practice as a novel predictor for IRA patency.     

Association between red cell distribution width and mortality in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Objective To investigate the association of red cell distribution width (RDW) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 207 patients who initiated CAPD for more than 3 months between July 2005 and March 2016 in the First Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. Baseline data on demographic, clinical and biochemical variables as well as comorbidities were obtained; medications and clinic outcomes were recorded. According to receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, patients were divided into high RDW (RDW＞15.1%) and low RDW (RDW≤15.1%) groups. The data of two groups were compared and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to explore the association of RDW with clinical and biochemical parameters. Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression model was employed to analyze risk factors of all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Results In this study, 207 CAPD patients were enrolled. The overall median survival time was 80 months. And the median survival time of high RDW group (68 patients) and low RDW group (139 patients) were 59 months and 96 months, respectively. There were statistical differences in diastole pressure, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), eGFR, cholesterol, lipoprotein a, 4-hour dialysate-to-plasma ratio for creatinine (4hD/Pcr), total Ccr (P＜0.05, respectively); the two groups also varied in the proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia, as well as in the use of iron supplements, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB), and beta-receptor blockers (P＜0.05, respectively). Cardiovascular event was a leading cause of mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the high RDW group had higher all-cause and CVD-related mortality compared with the low RDW group (P＜0.01). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year patient survivals of the high RDW and low RDW group were 87.97% vs 97.01%, 58.02% vs 81.53%, and 41.62% vs 67.96%, respectively, demonstrating significant differences (P=0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high RDW was independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR=1.212, 95%CI: 1.007-1.458, P=0.042) and CVD-related mortality (HR=1.697, 95%CI:1.030-2.795, P=0.038). Conclusion RDW is associated with mortality risks in CAPD patients and can be stratified as a valuable indicator for the risk of death.     

Association of red blood cell 5-methyltetrahydrfoate folate with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Iranian women

Recent studies have suggested that hyperhomocystenemia and low plasma folate are associated with fracture and also bone mineral density (BMD) and that they may contribute to the pathogenicity of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, as plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and plasma folate can be regarded as short-term markers when compared to a long-term variable such as BMD, in this study we tested the hypothesis that low red blood cell 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (RBC 5-MTHFR) as a long-term marker of the folate status may be a better predictor of BMD than plasma 5-MTHF, and its deficiency may contribute to the pathogenecity of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Iranian women. The BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) together with anthropometric and biochemical components of the homocysteine re-methylation pathway including plasma tHcy, 5-MTHF and vitamin B12, RBC 5-MTHF and creatinine were determined in 366 postmenopausal women. RBC 5-MTHF was more highly correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine ( r =0.21, P =0.001) and femoral neck ( r =0.19, P =0.004) than was plasma 5-MTHF (lumbar spine; r =0.14, P =0.03 and femoral neck; r =0.17, P =0.006). Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed that RBC 5-MTHF was one of the predictors of BMD explaining 4.3 and 4.0% variance of BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively, whereas plasma 5-MTHF was excluded in the model and not determined to be a predictor of BMD at both the lumbar spine and femoral neck when adjusted for age, BMI, years since menopause and RBC 5-MTHF. This study suggests that RBC 5-MTHF is a better predictor of BMD than plasma 5-MTHFR when compared to a long-term marker such as BMD, and its deficiency is associated with low BMD that may contribute to the pathogenecity of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.     

维持性血液透析患者血压晨峰和心脑血管疾病关系的临床观察

目的探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者血压晨峰与心脑血管疾病发生的关系。方法选取四川省眉山市人民医院肾内科242例MHD患者采用动态血压监测仪记录24 h血压,根据血压晨峰分为血压晨峰组(44例)和非血压晨峰组(198例)。采集2组患者相关的研究数据,记录发生的心脑血管疾病,随访3年,比较2组患者一般资料、心脑血管疾病发生率及病死率。结果①2组患者24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血白蛋白、血红蛋白、血钙、血磷和24 h平均舒张压(24hDBP)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。②血压晨峰组的24hSBP、白天平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、QT离散度、左心室质量指数分别为(152±14)mmHg、(158±10)mmHg、(124±12)mmHg、(56.2±14.6)、(132.8±4.0)g/m~2,与非血压晨峰组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);晨起时2hSBP、24 h平均脉压(24hPP)、动脉内膜-中膜厚度分别为(168±17)mmHg、(62.5±12.6)mm-Hg、(1.18±0.32)mm,与非血压晨峰组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);2组患者24hDBP、dDBP、nDBP、夜间最低DBP和晨起时2hDBP比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。③血压晨峰组的心脑血管疾病发生率(63.6%)及病死率(27.3%)显著高于非血压晨峰组(22.7%,8.1%)(P0.01)。结论 MHD患者存在血压晨峰现象,血压晨峰与MHD患者心脑血管疾病密切相关,可能是MHD患者心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。