自身抗体检测对肝病患者的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨自身抗体检测在鉴别诊断自身免疫性肝病(autoimmune liver disease,ALD)与慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者中的价值。方法回顾性分析2011年5月-2014年8月经枣阳市第一人民医院确诊的ALD患者215例,其中自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者122例,原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者93例,同时选取CHB患者453例,采用间接免疫荧光法和免疫印迹法检测ANA、AMA、SMA、抗SLA/LP、抗LKM-1、抗LC-1及AMA-M2。比较3组患者的ALT、AST、ALP、GGT水平。结果 AIH组、PBC组患者的ALT、AST、ALP、GGT含量高于CHB组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ALD患者ANA总阳性率为83.26%,高于CHB组(15.01%)(P0.05);AIH组ANA、AMA、SMA、抗SLA/LP、抗LKM-1、抗LC-1及AMA-M2阳性率分别为79.51%、14.75%、45.90%、16.39%、12.30%、6.565%、3.28%;PBC组ANA、AMA、SMA、抗SLA/LP、AMA-M2阳性率分别为88.17%、94.62%、11.83%、3.23%、94.62%;AIH组和PBC组ANA阳性检出率显著高于CHB组(P0.05)。AIH组和PBC组ANA滴度大于1∶320的比率显著高于CHB组(P0.05)。结论自身抗体检测是诊断ALD的必要条件,对ALD和CHB的鉴别诊断有重要临床意义。     

西南地区三种自身免疫性肝病的临床特点分析

目的：分析西南地区各型自身免疫性肝病的临床特点,以期提高早期诊断率。方法回顾性分析比较第三军医大学西南医院收治的436例自身免疫性肝病患者的一般资料、临床表现、血清生化学、自身抗体、肝组织病理等指标的差异,其中包括自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）211例,原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）145例,自身免疫性肝炎-原发性胆汁性肝硬化重叠综合征（OS）80例。结果患者平均发病年龄为49．7岁,男女比为1∶6;各组临床表现无显著差异;各组 ALT、GGT、TBil等血清学指标差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;AIH 组血清自身抗体以ANA（＋）为主,PBC 组中以AMA（＋）、AMA-M2（＋）为主,OS组兼有AIH 及PBC自身抗体的特点;各组肝组织病理主要表现为肝细胞变性、坏死、炎细胞浸润、小胆管炎症及纤维增生。结论在我国西南地区AIH、PBC、OS多为50岁左右的围绝经期女性。综合分析临床表现、血清生化学指标、免疫球蛋白亚型、自身抗体等指标有助于确诊不同类型的自身免疫性肝病,肝活组织检查为重要的辅助诊断手段。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征30例诊断和治疗分析

背景:自身免疫性肝病包括自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)和原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)等。这组疾病的临床表现、生化、免疫和组织学变化常常交叉重叠,使得临床鉴别相当困难。目的:探讨PBC鄄AIH重叠综合征患者的临床特点、诊断和治疗情况。方法:从164例自身免疫性肝病患者中选取PBC鄄AIH重叠综合征、AIH和PBC患者各30例进行配比,重点对PBC鄄AIH重叠综合征患者的诊断和治疗应答情况进行分析。结果:PBC鄄AIH重叠综合征患者占本组自身免疫性肝病病例的18%,三组患者的性别、年龄无显著差异,黄疸、皮肤瘙痒等症状、体征的发生率亦无差异。PBC鄄AIH组患者的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平显著高于AIH和PBC组;碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和γ鄄谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平显著高于AIH组,但低于PBC组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。经免疫抑制剂联合治疗后,AIH组的上述肝功能指标均显著改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),PBC鄄AIH组的胆红素、AST和ALT水平亦显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),但改善时间慢于AIH组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:在本组病例中,PBC鄄AIH重叠综合征并不少见,其诊断需综合临床表现、生化、免疫指标和组织学变化,联合应用皮质激素、硫唑嘌呤和熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)并维持治疗,可获得较好的疗效。     

187例自身免疫性肝病的临床特点分析

目的分析自身免疫性肝病（AILD）的临床、生化及免疫学特点。方法分析北京大学人民医院2001年1月～2010年12月187例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床表现、生化及免疫学特点。结果 AILD的发病以40岁以上女性多见,30.5%（57/187）的患者确诊时已进展为肝硬化失代偿期。临床症状无特异性,自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）以ALT、IgG及γ球蛋白升高更为明显（P〈0.05）,而PBC以ALP、GGT、IgM升高更为明显（P〈0.05）。AILD患者常合并一种或多种肝外自身免疫病,AILD合并干燥综合症最为常见,AIH组及PBC组合并干燥综合症的发生率均达30%以上。AILD患者均有一种或多种自身抗体阳性,其中AIH组ANA阳性率为88.3%,AMA阳性率为7.5%（3/40）,AMA-M2阳性3.7%（2/54）;PBC组ANA阳性率为88.2%（97/110）,AMA阳性率为96.4%（81/84）,AMA-M2阳性率为94.4%（85/90）。AIH患者主要应用糖皮质激素治疗,其中共46例（59.7%）患者单用或联用UDCA治疗后肝脏酶学指标改善。结论生化、免疫学、自身抗体等检查对诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要意义。UDCA在AIH的治疗中有一定的作用。     

肝功能异常患者中自身抗体及自身免疫性肝病的检测

目的 自身免疫性肝病临床流行病学调查,观察在肝功能异常患者中自身抗体检测的阳性率、自身免疫性肝病检出率及临床意义。方法 连续收集就诊病例中肝功能异常患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)大于40 U/L血清511份,分别进行相关自身抗体(ANA)检测,并查阅临床资料。结果 511份血清检测出ANA阳性率为14.09％,抗平滑肌抗体(SMA)阳性率0,59％,抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阳性率2.94％,抗线粒体抗体亚型-丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物(AMA-M2)阳性率0.98％;ANA谱中的SS-A阳性率0.59％、SS-B阳性率0.20％、JO-1阳性率0.20％,dsDNA阳性率0.78％;未检出抗肝肾微粒体抗体(LKM-1)、可溶性肝抗原/肝胰抗原(SLA/LP)、抗肝细胞溶质抗原1型抗体(LC-1)及ANA谱中其他抗体。从ALT升高的患者中收集到的511份血清,可查到完整临床资料者共469例。原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)及自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者检出率分别为1.06％及0.43％,未检出原发性硬化性胆管炎患者。自身抗体阳性患者77.78％诊断为病毒性肝炎及相关疾病。病毒性肝炎及相关疾病中自身抗体阳性率为18.29％。结论 高滴度(>1:320)自身抗体对自身免疫性肝病诊断有意义。PBC及AIH患者检出率近似丙型及戊型肝炎检出率,临床不能忽视,病毒性肝炎及相关疾病中可检测出自身抗体。     

自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎及其重叠综合征患者临床特征比较*

目的 比较自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)和AIH/PBC重叠综合征(AIH/PBC OS)患者临床特征的异同。方法 2017年12月～2019年2月南通市第三人民医院收治的92例自身免疫性肝病患者中包括AIH 35例、PBC 30例和AIH/PBC OS 27例,记录临床表现和血液化验资料并比较三组的异同。结果 AIH、PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者年龄、性别、体质指数和病程比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05);三组乏力、腹胀、纳差、发热和皮肤瘙痒发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05);PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者黄疸更深,血清ALP和GGT水平更高,而AIH患者血清ALT和AST水平更高 (P<0.05);AIH患者凝血功能指标TT显著长于其他两组(P<0.05);AIH患者外周血Hb水平显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);AIH患者血清ASMA阳性率为14.3%,显著高于其他两组的0.0%和0.0%(P<0.05),PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者血清AMA/AMA-M2阳性率分别为93.3%和92.6%,而AIH患者为0.0%(P<0.05);三组血清免疫球蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),三组合并甲状腺功能亢进、系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿性关节炎、2型糖尿病和慢性肾小球肾炎方面差异,也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 AIH、PBC和AIH/PBC OS患者具有相似的临床症状和体征,但血生化指标、自身抗体表现各有特征,了解这些特征对临床提高诊断和治疗水平将有很大的帮助。     

Clinical analysis in 208 patients with autoimmune liver disease

目的 分析自身免疫性肝病(AILD)的临床、生化及免疫学特点.方法 选择2005年1月～ 2010年12月我院消化内科收治的自身免疫性肝病患者208例,采用回顾性分析方法收集入选患者的临床资料,分析208例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床表现、生化及免疫学特点.结果 自身免疫性肝病的发病以40岁以上女性多见,30.8％ (64/208)的患者确诊时已进展为肝硬化失代偿期,临床症状无特异性,自身免疫性肝炎患者以丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)及γ球蛋白升高更为明显(P＜0.05),而原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者以碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)升高更为明显(P＜0.05).自身免疫性肝病患者常合并1种或多种肝外自身免疫性疾病,其合并干燥综合征最为常见,自身免疫性肝炎组及原发性胆汁性肝硬化组合并干燥综合征的发生率均达30％以上.自身免疫性肝病患者均有1种或多种自身抗体阳性,其中自身免疫性肝炎组抗核抗体(ANA)阳性率为88.2％,抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阳性率为7.4％,抗线粒体抗体Ⅱ型(AMA-M2)阳性率为4.4％;原发性胆汁性肝硬化组ANA阳性率为86.6％,AMA阳性率为97.6％,AMA-M2阳性率为95.9％.自身免疫性肝炎患者主要应用糖皮质激素治疗,其中共51例(60.0％)患者单用或联用熊去氧胆酸治疗后肝脏酶学指标改善.结论 生化、免疫学、自身抗体等检查对自身免疫性肝病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要临床意义,熊去氧胆酸在自身免疫性肝炎的治疗中有一定的作用.     

不同类型自身免疫性肝病患者肝组织炎症因子表达的变化

目的 探讨不同类型自身免疫性肝病(AILD)患者肝组织炎症因子表达的变化。方法 2016年12月～2018年12月我院肝病科收治的AILD患者74例,其中自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者19例,原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者42例,自身免疫性肝炎/原发性胆汁性肝硬化重叠综合症(AIH/PBC OS)患者13例。采用免疫组化法检测肝穿组织白介素-12(IL-12)、IL-17和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)表达情况。结果 AIH、PBC和AIH-PBC OS患者血清ALT水平分别为(132.5±12.5)U/L、(40.1±8.4)U/L和(166.2±16.3)U/L,AST水平分别为(120.3±11.7)U/L、(52.8±5.6)U/L和(194.7±18.3)U/L,差异显著(P<0.05);血清ALP水平分别为(98.0±9.2)U/L、(323.5±30.9)U/L和(257.1±24.1)U/L,血清GGT水平分别为(49.1±4.7)U/L、(236.8±22.6)U/L和(376.7±35.5)U/L,差异显著(P<0.05);AIH、PBC和AIH-PBC OS组患者肝组织IL-12表达阳性率无统计学差异(分别为15.8%、7.1%和15.4%,P>0.05),肝组织IL-17阳性表达率无统计学差异(分别为73.7%、76.2%和76.9%,P<0.05),肝组织IFN-γ阳性表达率无统计学差异(分别为68.4%、85.7%和76.9%,P<0.05);AIH患者血清抗肝肾微粒体I型抗体(LKM-1)、抗可溶性肝抗原/肝胰抗原抗体(SLA/LP)阳性率分别为21.1%和10.8%,均显著高于PBC组或AIH-PBC OS患者(分别为0.0%和0.0%,和0.0%和0.0%,P<0.05);PBC患者血清抗sp100抗体阳性率为19.0%,显著高于AIH组(0.0%)或AIH-PBC OS患者(7.7%,P<0.05);AIH-PBC OS组血清抗gp210抗体阳性率为38.5%,显著高于AIH组(0.0%,P<0.05),AIH-PBC OS组患者血清抗线粒体M2抗体(AMA-M2)阳性率为100.0%,显著高于AIH组(0.0%)或PBC组(73.8%,P<0.05);AIH患者血清ANA和SMA阳性率分别为94.7%和78.9%,显著高于PBC患者(分别为19.0%和19.0%,P<0.05)。结论 不同类型AILD患者血清自身抗体呈交叉阳性现象,肝组织炎性因子检测对鉴别诊断没有意义,常规肝功能指标仍对诊断起关键作用。     

自身免疫性肝病临床病理特征分析28例

目的:探讨并比较自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)及其重叠综合征(AIH-PBC CS)的临床、生化、影象学以及组织学特征.方法:收集在我院自身免疫性肝病住院患者28例,其中v型AIH 13例、PBC 6例和AIH-PBCOS9例,回顾性分析患者临床资料.结果:AIH-PBC OS患者血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和γ-球蛋白(GLO)水平(分别为和)均明显高于AIH和PBC患者(132.67±35.05 vs 81.15±39.26,55.17±24.38;44.33±8.92 vs 34.23±9.89,33.17±6.79,均P＜0.05),而碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平明显高于AIH患者(218.11±107.79 vs 106.85±91.57;280.33±133.51 vs 82.07±36.67,均P＜0.05),低于PBC患者(245.83±88.60,315.67±160.01,均P＜0.05).AIH-PBC OS和PBC患者的IgM水平均明显高于AIH患者(793.00±528.57 vs127.33±30.14;538.50±349.43 vs 127.33±30.14,均P＜0.05),而AIH-PBC OS患者的IgG水平明显高于PBC患者(2036.00±457.03 vs1121.25±313.8,P＜0.05).AIH-PBC OS患者界面性肝炎和破坏性胆管炎的发生率分别为88.9%和66.7%.腹部BUS提示三者常伴有脾大和腹腔淋巴结肿大.结论:AIH和PBC是典型的分别选择性损伤肝细胞及肝内小胆管的自身免疫性肝病,AIH-PBC OS同时具有AIH和PBC的临床病理学特征,与PBC相比,AIH-PBC OS更倾向于AIH.     

自身抗体联合检测在原发性胆汁性肝硬化诊断中的意义

目的探讨不同抗体联合检测在原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)诊断中的意义。方法随机选择灵台县妇幼保健站2010年7月-2013年7月收治的肝病患者245例,根据患者所患疾病种类不同,将患者分为PBC组(n=162)、自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)组(n=42)和其他肝病患者(LDC)组(n=41)。采用ELISA法检测血清抗线粒体抗体M2亚型(AMA-M2)、抗SP100以及GP210抗体,采用Western Blot检测法检测血清中抗可溶性肝抗原(抗SLA)抗体,采用间接免疫荧光法检测血清抗线粒体抗体(抗AMA)。组间抗体阳性率的比较采用χ2检验和Fisher’s检验。结果 PBC患者的AMA、AMA-M2、抗GP210的阳性率分别是93.21%、87.65%、19.75%,高于AIH患者的19.05%、7.14%、9.52%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=97.311,P=0.001;χ2=98.264,P=0.001;χ2=10.312,P=0.012)。PBC患者的AMA、AMA-M2及抗GP210的阳性率分别为93.21%、87.65%、19.75%,LDC患者的阳性率分别为9.76%、2.44%、7.32%,PBC患者明显高于LDC患者,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=142.745,P=0.003;χ2=112.574,P=0.002;χ2=15.217,P=0.042)。结论 AMA对PBC的诊断具有标志性意义,抗SP100对PBC的疾病进展具有提示作用,抗GP210对阴性PBC患者具有诊断作用。     

Paediatric autoimmune liver diseases: A descriptive study of patients from Saudi Arabia

Background and study aimsAutoimmune liver diseases (ALDs) are a clinico-pathologic spectrum of disorders that share some similarities. They are formally classified as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), isolated autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), and the overlap syndrome of these. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and outcomes data of a cohort of autoimmune ALDs patients in a tertiary care centre.Patients and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected in 2007–2018. All cases were 18 years old or younger at the time of diagnosis. The data collection comprised clinical, laboratory, imaging, treatment, and longitudinal follow-up data.ResultsTwenty-five patients were identified; 14 (56%) were females. Twenty-one patients (84%) had AIH-1,1 patient (4%) had AIH-2, and 3 patients (12%) had autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). An insidious course was found in 21 (84%) cases. Acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure was found to be very rare. Eight cases (32%) had cirrhosis at diagnosis. A total of 20 cases (80%) had complete remission following therapy. The median follow-up period was 45 months. There was no mortality, and only one patient was referred for transplant. Thus, the transplant-free survival was 96%.ConclusionsOur study showed predominance of AIH-1 over AIH-2. Response to treatment in our cohort was found to be similar to the results found in some other key studies. Prognosis and transplant-free survival is better than many published paediatric studies.     

自身免疫性肝病临床与病理研究

目的分析自身免疫性肝病临床、病理特点,探讨早期诊断、治疗方法。方法１９９６—１９９８年收治６２例自身免疫性肝病,比较原发性胆汁性肝硬化（ＰＢＣ）、自身免疫性肝炎（ＡＩＨ）的临床症状、体征、生物化学指标及病理特征。结果自身免疫性肝病中ＰＢＣ占５９．６８％, ＡＩＨ ４０．３２％。自身免疫性肝病中８３．８％是中老年女性,男女之比１∶１０,而ＡＩＨ　１∶５,发病年龄平均３５岁。ＰＢＣ中血循环自身免疫抗体阳性率８５．２９％,ＡＩＨ　７８．９５％。在阳性病例中 ＡＭＡ, ＡＭＡ－Ｍ２阳性率 １００％, ＡＮＡ阳性率 ８０％,血清免疫球蛋白异常, ＰＢＣ　ＩｇＭ增高占８０％, ＡＩＨＩｇＧ增高占８２．２５％, Ｐ值＜０．０５和Ｐ值＜ ０．０２５。 ＰＢＣ肝脏活组织病理显示,胆管炎和胆管增生、炎症、损伤或三者共存的特征。ＡＩＨ显示门静脉区炎症、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、浆细胞浸润、坏死、纤维化。结论ＰＢＣ和ＡＩＨ是自身免疫性肝病临床上两个常见类型,其中ＡＩＨ以Ⅰ型为主;而血中ＡＭＡ－Ｍ２是ＰＢＣ特征抗体,强的松龙治疗效果ＡＩＨ优于ＰＢＣ。     

Clinical usefulness of serum antibodies as biomarkers of gastrointestinal and liver diseases

The progressively growing knowledge of the pathophysiology of a number of immune-mediated gastrointestinal and liver disorders, including autoimmune atrophic gastritis, coeliac disease, autoimmune enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune pancreatitis, together with the improvement of their detection methods have increased the diagnostic power of serum antibodies. In some cases – coeliac disease and autoimmune atrophic gastritis – they have radically changed gastroenterologists’ diagnostic ability, while in others – autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune pancreatitis – their diagnostic performance is still inadequate. Of note, serum antibody misuse in clinical practice has raised a number of controversies, which may generate confusion in the diagnostic management of the aforementioned disorders. In this review, we critically re-evaluate the usefulness of serum antibodies as biomarkers of immune-mediated gastrointestinal and liver disorders, and discuss their pitfalls and merits.     

细胞因子与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)是最常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,其中辅助性T细胞(Th)1/Th2细胞因子的动态平衡在维持正常的细胞免疫和体液免疫中起重要作用,一旦这种平衡被打破,将导致AITD的发生.这些细胞因子可以直接影响机体免疫细胞的活性,也可以通过影响甲状腺细胞免疫相关因子的表达,影响AITD的发生、发展,因此对细胞因子在AITD中发生机制的深入研究可为临床诊治提供更充分的理论依据.     

Prevalence and Relative Risk of Other Autoimmune Diseases in Subjects with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Background

Common autoimmune disorders tend to coexist in the same subjects and to cluster in families.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional multicenter study of 3286 Caucasian subjects (2791 with Graves' disease; 495 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis) attending UK hospital thyroid clinics to quantify the prevalence of coexisting autoimmune disorders. All subjects completed a structured questionnaire seeking a personal and parental history of common autoimmune disorders, as well as a history of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism among parents.

Results

The frequency of another autoimmune disorder was 9.67% in Graves' disease and 14.3% in Hashimoto's thyroiditis index cases (P = .005). Rheumatoid arthritis was the most common coexisting autoimmune disorder (found in 3.15% of Graves' disease and 4.24% of Hashimoto's thyroiditis cases). Relative risks of almost all other autoimmune diseases in Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis were significantly increased (>10 for pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, Addison's disease, celiac disease, and vitiligo). There was relative “clustering” of Graves' disease in the index case with parental hyperthyroidism and of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the index case with parental hypothyroidism. Relative risks for most other coexisting autoimmune disorders were markedly increased among parents of index cases.

Conclusion

This is one of the largest studies to date to quantify the risk of diagnosis of coexisting autoimmune diseases in more than 3000 index cases with well-characterized Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These risks highlight the importance of screening for other autoimmune diagnoses if subjects with autoimmune thyroid disease present with new or nonspecific symptoms.     

自身免疫性胰腺炎

慢性胰腺炎是指由于胰腺实质反复或持续性炎症所导致的胰腺形态改变，伴有不同程度的胰腺内、外分泌功能障碍。既往认为其病因主要与急性胰腺炎或饮酒有关，近年米有研究发现Ⅱ类主要组织相容性复合物缺陷的人鼠可自发地发展为慢性胰腺炎，提示自身免疫可能也是其发病的原因之一并提出了自身免疫性胰腺炎概念。本文拟对此类胰腺炎的研究进展进行综述。     

细胞因子与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)是最常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,其中辅助性T细胞(Th)1/Th2细胞因子的动态平衡在维持正常的细胞免疫和体液免疫中起重要作用,一旦这种平衡被打破,将导致AITD的发生.这些细胞因子可以直接影响机体免疫细胞的活性,也可以通过影响甲状腺细胞免疫相关因子的表达,影响AITD的发生、发展,因此对细胞因子在AITD中发生机制的深入研究可为临床诊治提供更充分的理论依据.     

Autoimmune paediatric liver disease

Liver disorders with a likely autoimmune pathogenesis in childhood include autoimmune hepatitis（AIH）,autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis（ASC）,and de novo AIH after liver transplantation.AIH is divided into two subtypes according to seropositivity for smooth muscle and/or antinuclear antibody（SMA/ANA,type 1） or liver kidney microsomal antibody（LKM1,type 2）.There is a female predominance in both.LKM1 positive patients tend to present more acutely,at a younger age,and commonly have partial IgA deficiency,while duration of symptoms before diagnosis,clinical signs,family history of autoimmunity,presence of associated autoimmune disorders,response to treatment,and long-term prognosis are similar in both groups.The most common type of paediatric sclerosing cholangitis is ASC.The clinical,biochemical,immunological,and histological presentation of ASC is often indistinguishable from that of AIH type 1.In both,there are high IgG,non-organ specific autoantibodies,and interface hepatitis.Diagnosis is made by cholangiography.Children with ASC respond to immunosuppression satisfactorily and similarly to AIH in respect to remission and relapse rates,times to normalization of biochemical parameters,and decreased inflammatory activity on follow up liver biopsies.However,the cholangiopathy can progress.There may be evolution from AIH to ASC over the years,despite treatment.De novo AIH after liver transplantation affects patients not transplanted for autoimmune disorders and is strikingly reminiscent of classical AIH,including elevated titres of serum antibodies,hypergammaglobulinaemia,and histological findings of interface hepatitis,bridging fibrosis,and collapse.Like classical AIH,it responds to treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine.De novo AIH postliver transplantation may derive from interference by calcineurin inhibitors with the intrathymic physiological mechanisms of T-cell maturation and selection.Whether this condition is a distinct entity or a form of atypical rejection in individuals susceptible to t     

Pediatric autoimmune liver disease and extra-hepatic immune-mediated comorbidities

Background

Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) includes autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). AILD is often associated with other extra-hepatic immune-mediated disorders (EDs), but there are few pediatric studies available to date. In this study we evaluated the association between AILD and EDs in our pediatric series.