胸水中可溶性CD44V6的检测及意义

目的 探讨可溶性CD44V6(sCD44V6)在良恶性胸水中的诊断价值.方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测67份恶性胸水(其中肺癌56例、食管癌7例、胃癌4例)、76份良性胸水(其中非特异性疾病64例、结核性12例)的sCD44V6水平,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评价此项指标在胸水定性诊断中的临床价值.结果 肺癌、食管癌、胃癌的组sCD44V6水平分别为97.9±15.5ng/ml、95.5±25.7 ng/ml及97.3±35.6ng/ml,明显高于良性非特异性疾病组及结核组44.7±18.9ng/ml和47.5±20.3ng/ml,良恶性组比差异有显著意义(P＜0.01).以59.4ng/ml为诊断界点,诊断恶性胸水的敏感度为82.1%,特异性为87.5%.结论 sCD44V6对于良、恶性胸水的鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

结直肠癌患者可溶性CD44v6的检测

目的　探讨检测血清可溶性细胞表面分化抗原 (sCD) 4 4v6在结直肠癌诊断中的价值。方法　以酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)法检测 81例结直肠癌患者术前及术后第 1、5、10天共 4个时间点sCD44v6的变化 ,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果　结直肠癌组sCD44v6的水平 [(2 0 0 .5±31.1) μg/L]明显高于正常对照组 [(4 5 .6± 9.5 ) μg/L]和结肠炎组 [(4 8.3± 7.6 ) μg/L],差异均有显著意义 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;结直肠癌伴转移组sCD44v6水平 [(2 80 .1± 2 6 .9) μg/L],明显高于未转移组[(16 0 .9± 34 .4) μg/L],差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;术后第 1、5、10天sCD44v6水平逐渐下降 ,至第 10天降至正常。结论　sCD44v6水平与结直肠癌及其转移有明显关联 ,其可作为结直肠癌的诊断、预后诊断的参考指标 ,及是否伴有转移的预测指标     

胃肠道肿瘤患者血清sCD44v6检测的临床意义

目的探讨检测血清可溶性细胞表面分化抗原可溶性CD44v6(sCD44v6)在胃肠道肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法以酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测68例胃肠道肿瘤患者和35例正常体检者sCD44v6的含量,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果肠癌组sCD44v6的水平[(315.67±114.19)ng/ml],胃癌组sCD44v6的水平[(302.53±79.0)ng/ml],明显高于正常对照组[(45.6±9.5)ng/ml]。差异均有显著意义(P均<0.001);肠癌和胃癌伴转移组sCD44v6水平[(421.90±68.09)ng/ml],明显高于未转移组[(257.68±82.84)ng/ml],差异有显著意义(P<0.001)。结论sCD44v6水平与胃肠道肿瘤及其转移有明显关联,其可作为胃肠道肿瘤的诊断、预后诊断的参考指标,及是否伴有转移的预测指标。     

血清sCD44v6检测及在胃癌患者中的临床应用

目的探讨血清sCD44v6检测在胃癌诊断和治疗中的临床意义.方法对88例胃癌患者,40例良性胃溃疡患者和52例正常健康人群的血清样本采用ELISA定量检测sCD44v6浓度.结果胃癌患者血清sCD44v6浓度为301.4±109.5ng/ml(x±s),显著高于胃溃疡患者的144.3±57.6ng/ml(P＜0.01)和正常人群的141.2±50.6ng/ml(P＜0.01).胃癌根治术后患者血清sCD44v6较术前明显下降(P＜0.01).血清sCD44v6水平随着病程进展、癌细胞恶性程度的增高、淋巴结转移和浸润的深入而升高.结论血清sCD44v6检测在胃癌的辅助诊断,手术疗效和转移程度的判断以及预后评估等方面有重要价值.     

胸水中可溶性CD44V6的检测及意义

目的 探讨可溶性CD44V6(sCD44V6)在良恶性胸水中的诊断价值.方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测67份恶性胸水(其中肺癌56例、食管癌7例、胃癌4例)、76份良性胸水(其中非特异性疾病64例、结核性12例)的sCD44V6水平,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评价此项指标在胸水定性诊断中的临床价值.结果 肺癌、食管癌、胃癌的组sCD44V6水平分别为97.9±15.5ng/ml、95.5±25.7 ng/ml及97.3±35.6ng/ml,明显高于良性非特异性疾病组及结核组44.7±18.9ng/ml和47.5±20.3ng/ml,良恶性组比差异有显著意义(P＜0.01).以59.4ng/ml为诊断界点,诊断恶性胸水的敏感度为82.1%,特异性为87.5%.结论 sCD44V6对于良、恶性胸水的鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

血清可溶性CD44变异性外显子6测定对结直肠癌的临床意义

目的　探讨血清可溶性CD4 4变异性外显子 6 (sCD4 4v6 )对结直肠癌的临床应用价值。方法　 96例不同Dukes 分期结直肠癌患者和 2 4例健康者 ,分别采用 (ELISA)定量检测血清sCD4 4v6含量 ,时间分辨免疫荧光法检测CEA含量 ,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果　结直肠癌患者sCD4 4v6浓度为 (2 75 .3± 1 1 5 .8)ng/ml,显著高于健康对照组 (6 1 .3± 7.8)ng/ml,P <0 .0 5 ,若以健康对照组的 x +2s(76 .9ng/ml)作为正常值上限 ,阳性率为 74 .0 % ;sCD4 4v6水平随癌肿分期和肿瘤转移呈现递增趋势 (P <0 .0 5 )。与CEA相比 ,sCD4 4v6水平在反映癌组织浸润和转移程度上更敏感。结论　结直肠癌患者sCD4 4v6水平和阳性率均显著增高 ,并与肿瘤分期和扩散转移相关 ;术前血清sCD4 4v6水平对结直肠癌患者病程的评估和转移的预测有一定的辅助价值     

血管内皮生长因子在恶性腹水诊断及形成中的作用

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)对恶性腹水的诊断价值及其在恶性腹水形成中的作用。方法　收集各种类型腹水及腹腔液 ,采用ELISA法检测VEGF水平。结果　癌性腹水组VEGF水平为 (6 4 0 .7± 2 6 4 .8)pg/ml,明显高于肝硬变腹水组、结核性腹水组及良、恶性疾病不伴腹水患者腹腔液组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而后 4组间比较VEGF水平则无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。不同组织来源恶性腹水中卵巢癌组VEGF水平为 (86 6 .3± 2 0 8.5 )pg/ml,高于胃癌组 (P <0 .0 1)和结肠癌组 (P <0 .0 1) ;胃癌组VEGF水平高于结肠癌组 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。以肝硬变腹水作为对照组 ,以其VEGF含量均值上限 118.96pg/ml为阳性界值时 ,诊断恶性腹水的敏感性为 91.3% ,特异性为 88.9%。结论　VEGF对良、恶性腹水的鉴别诊断有重要价值 ,它可能在恶性腹水的形成中起重要作用。     

血清降钙素原与细菌性脑膜炎患儿病情程度及预后的关系

目的　研究血清降钙素原 (PCT)水平与细菌性脑膜炎患儿病情程度及预后的关系。方法　把 82例急性脑膜炎患儿分为细菌性及病毒性脑膜炎两大类。根据病情程度把患儿分为无败血症组、轻度败血症组、严重败血症组及败血症休克组。采用化学发光免疫分析法分别检测入院时和入院 72h后的血清PCT水平 ,同时检测C -反应蛋白 (CRP)。及外周血白细胞。结果　 ( 1)细菌性脑膜炎患儿的血清PCT水平明显高于病毒性脑膜炎组 [( 5 2 1± 10 70 )ng/m1,( 0 2 7± 0 13)ng/m1,P <0 0 0 1]。 ( 2 )细菌性脑膜炎合并严重败血症及败血症休克者血清PCT水平明显高于无败血症及轻度败血症者 [( 2 1 14± 16 94 )ng/ml,( 1 2 3± 0 81)ng/ml,P <0 0 0 1)。 ( 3)细菌性脑膜炎治疗有效者PCT明显下降 [( 2 4 5± 2 5 3)ng/ml,( 0 87± 0 2 5 )ng/ml,P <0 0 5 ],而治疗无效者PCT不降 [( 19 78± 18 33)ng/ml,( 19 5 6± 18 97)ng/m1,P >0 0 5 ]。 ( 4 )细菌性脑膜炎存活者的PCT水平明显低于死亡者 [( 1 4 3± 1 2 4 )ng/ml,( 2 5 0 3± 16 ,79)ng/ml,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　血清PCT水平的高低可以反映细菌性脑膜炎的轻重 ,其动态变化可以判断治疗效果和预后。     

糖尿病患者血IL-1,IL-6,IFNγ测定及临床意义

目的 :探讨IL 1,IL 6 ,IFNγ与糖尿病的关系。方法 :用免疫放射法对 15例 1型糖尿病、6 3例 2型糖尿病患者及 2 0例正常人的血IL 1,IL 6及IFNγ进行测定。 6 3例 2型糖尿病中有 30例合并早期肾病及眼底病变。结果 :1型糖尿病组血IL 1高于正常组及 2型糖尿病组 [(31 14± 14 36 )pg/ml对 (2 1 37± 8 2 4)pg/ml及(2 3 15± 8 5 3)pg/ml,两者均P <0 0 5 ];血IL 6明显低于正常组及 2型糖尿病组 [(0 45± 0 2 1)ng/ml对 (0 95± 0 47)ng/ml及 (1 5 3± 0 0 7)ng/ml,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1];1,2型糖尿病组血IFNγ均低于正常组 [(0 94± 0 6 5 )IU/ml及 (1 0 1± 0 6 1)IU/ml对 (1 6 4± 0 49)IU/ml,均P <0 0 1]。结论 :1型糖尿病胰岛 β细胞损伤与血IL 1,IL 6密切相关 ;1,2型糖尿病IFNγ水平均降低 ,其临床意义有待进一步探讨     

肝硬化患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶的检测及临床意义

目的 :探讨神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (neuron specificenolase ,NSE)在肝硬化患者中的意义。方法 :以ELISA法对 47例肝硬化患者的血清NSE进行检测 ,并对各Child Pugh肝功能分级及不同程度食管静脉曲张组患者NSE水平进行了比较分析。结果 :肝硬化组NSE[( 2 6 .45 2± 1 0 .5 81 )ng/ml]显著高于慢性肝炎组 [( 1 2 .1 2 7± 5 .6 73)ng/ml]及对照组[( 1 0 .1 96± 3.2 37)ng/ml];肝硬化患者肝功能愈差 ,食管静脉曲张程度愈重者NSE水平愈高。 结论 :肝硬化患者NSE水平明显升高 ,且与肝功能损害程度、门体分流程度有关。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.