共焦扫描显微镜及其在生物医学研究中的应用

激光共焦扫描显微镜是一种使用光学共轭焦点技术,利用光扫描对样品进行动态测量的显微装置,与传统的光学显微镜相比,它具有较高的分辨率,较大的像对比度并可以三维成像。本文介绍了共焦扫描显微镜的基本工作原理以及其在生物医学研究领域中的应用。     

显微镜技术在泌尿系结石分析中的应用及其研究进展

泌尿系结石是一种世界范围的常见病、多发病,尿石的预防目前还没有十分有效的方法,80%以上的尿石患者病因不清[1]。借助各种显微镜技术分析尿石的形貌、结构及其成分,然后追溯尿石的成因,可为寻找科学的预防措施、选择合理的治疗方案提供重要的依据。本文综述了扫描电子显微镜(     

超声波显微镜的一些技术动态

超声波显微镜的一些技术动态中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所刘士新，闻君东Ｓｏｍｅｔｒｅｎｄｓｉｎｕｌｔｒａｓｏｎｉｃｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ￥ＬｉｕＳｈｉｘｉｎｇ；ＷｅｎＪｕｎｄｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｍｅｄｉｃａｌＥｎｇ...     

医用光学显微镜的分类介绍

医学领域中,显微镜是常用的检验和研究工具。从几何光学的光路成像原理来说,显微镜由两级放大镜(物镜和目镜)组成。我们平时遇到或听到各式各样的显微镜,相信大家很难分清各自的结构和一般用途。在这里,先介绍医用显微镜的不同分类及其结构和用途。1从光学放大倍数或合像光路来     

显微镜的常见故障排除

显微镜是一种精密的光学仪器，由光学部分、机械部分和电气部分等成。在使用中要正确调节瞳距，校正光轴、调焦、使用油镜。在保养中要注意防尘、防水、防潮、防热、防腐蚀，正确擦拭、正确移动、正确使用电气部件等。下面按照显微镜３个主要组成部分，分别介绍其常见的故障现象和解决方法。值得注意的是在维修过程中要注意整洁，并严格遵守操作规程，精心擦拭光学零件，严禁用手直接接触和拿取光学零件，夹持光学零件的工具须进行脱脂处理。对比度差）盖玻片（０．１７mm标本上下面反了翻转过来干物镜上有浸油擦干净透镜上有脏物（指聚光镜…     

手术显微镜的研究进展及发展展望

介绍了手术显微镜的结构及工作原理,总结了目前手术显微镜存在的主要问题,分析了手术显微镜的新进展,从体积、操作灵活性以及成像能力3个方面分析了手术显微镜的发展展望,指出了改善操作舒适度、降低手术疲劳的自动化、人性化设计是其发展的必然趋势,3D显示技术与手术显微镜结合是未来的发展方向.     

加强显微镜检验技术在基层检验科的应用

目的：讨论加强显微镜检验技术在基层检验科的应用。方法对2012年2月---2013年2月期间我院进行治疗患者的新鲜晨尿80份作为研究对象,对比显微镜检验技术和全自动尿沉渣分析仪检测结果,对比两组检验方法对红细胞形态检验结果及与肾脏病理的符合情况。结果光学显微镜肾小球血尿检出率为83．75％,明显高于全自动尿沉渣分析仪的67．5％,两种检验方法比较差异具有统计学意义,P＜0．05。结论显微镜检验技术是基层检验科不可缺少的重要检验工作环节,积极加强显微镜检验技术的应用,促进科学、规范化显微镜检验,对提升医学形态学检验水平有重要的临床价值。     

显微镜光学零件的维护

显微镜光学零件的维护广州市第一人民医院胡锦祥显微镜的光学零件是显微镜的重要组成部分，它直接影响显微镜的成像质量效果。光学零件由于长期使用或保管不善，经常会出现灰尘、脏垢、生霉起雾和脱胶。为此我们在仪器维修时要进行对光学零件清洗、除霉去雾或重新胶合处理...     

显微镜物镜放大率的检测

显微镜对人类医学形态的观察有着至关重要的作用,使得医学形态的研究从正常人体组织结构以及病理形态分析发展到了细胞甚至亚细胞水平.高分辨率,高放大率,清晰度等都与其物镜息息相关,它的质量与性能在一定程度上直接决定了一台显微镜的整体水平,所以对显微物镜的检测至关重要,本文采用专门研制的XWJ-I型支架进行生物显微镜物镜放大倍率的检测.     

电子显微镜及其在医学上的应用

本文主要叙述电子显微镜的结构、特性和它在医学上的应用。     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在细胞凋亡检测中的应用

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜是先进的图像分析仪器之一。本文主要介绍几种应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜进行细胞凋亡的常用方法。     

生物医学新技术与仪器发展及在毒理学应用的展望

随着科学技术的进步,尤其是近十年来生命科学、医学与分子生物学新技术的迅速发展,加上微电子与计算机科学、信息科技和精密仪器等高新技术的发展成果在生物医学技术中的大量应用,对毒理学领域的研究和发展产生重大的影响。很多新技术和新方法在毒理学的研究和检测技术中也得到应用,同时也促进了毒理学研究方法的改良和创新。现就目前的生物医学新技术及新仪器在毒理学研究中的应用与发展作一简述。1生物医学新技术对毒理学实验研究和检测技术的影响在生命科学、基础医学以及各相关学科的迅猛发展中,高新技术大量应用,各种新型的自动化仪器…     

The impact of technology in Pathological Anatomy and the contribution of this speciality to technological development

It is obvious that technology has contributed throughout history to the development of the different sciences. In this article, we define the concept of Pathology as a medical speciality, and we explain its influence in a hospital, considering very different fields such as education, research, quality control, hospital information, and patient care. This speciality has undergone a considerable evolution, to which technological innovation has undoubtedly contributed. As a basic discipline, it is of great importance in pre and post-graduate training, in the medical education at the hospital or outside it, and in the fields previously mentioned. Its relation with other disciplines such us Chemistry, (fixation and dyeing), Physics (mechanical devices), Mathematics (algorithms, morphometry, statistics...) and Telecommunications (telepathology, image analysis...) is examined and their contribution to Pathology is evaluated. We are also aware of contributions made by Pathology to technological innovation in the evaluation of different diagnostic methods or in the recent therapeutic technologies based on Radiotherapy, Hyperthermia, laser, prothesis, etc.; where histological examination provides accurate information about the therapeutic capacity or side-effects, or the rejection reactions caused, aiding the research to obtain adequate results.     

SF-3000血细胞分析仪显微镜复检规则的制定和应用

目的探讨全自动血细胞分析仪结果显微镜复检规则的制定及应用,保证血细胞分析结果的准确性。方法根据仪器报警信息、“41条复检规则”、结合本院实际,制定复检规则,并通过对8060份乙二胺四乙酸二钾（EDTA-K2）抗凝全血标本的结果分析,评估复检规则的可行性及原因分析。结果符合复检规则的标本21．3％,显微镜镜检结果异常标本占38．2％,共检出异型淋巴细胞5％以上的标本85例,幼稚细胞增多8例。假性血小板（PLT）减少16例,胞浆菌1例,给临床提供了有效的疾病依据;不需要复检的标本中有1．9％的结果异常（即假阴性标本）。结论任何先进的仪器仍无法代替显微镜涂片检查,制定适合自身的复检规则有很重-g的临床意义．保证血液细胞结果的准确性．为临床提供有价值疾病依据．     

SF-3000血细胞分析仪显微镜复检规则的制定和应用

目的探讨全自动血细胞分析仪结果显微镜复检规则的制定及应用,保证血细胞分析结果的准确性。方法根据仪器报警信息、"41条复检规则"、结合本院实际,制定复检规则,并通过对8060份乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝全血标本的结果分析,评估复检规则的可行性及原因分析。结果符合复检规则的标本21.3%,显微镜镜检结果异常标本占38.2%,共检出异型淋巴细胞5%以上的标本85例,幼稚细胞增多8例,假性血小板(PLT)减少16例,胞浆菌1例,给临床提供了有效的疾病依据;不需要复检的标本中有1.9%的结果异常(即假阴性标本)。结论任何先进的仪器仍无法代替显微镜涂片检查,制定适合自身的复检规则有很重要的临床意义,保证血液细胞结果的准确性,为临床提供有价值疾病依据。     

The contribution of 'story' to children's development

Story plays an essential part in the growth and development of the mind and all that it contains. It gives insights into human nature, expression to thoughts, ideas and desires and aids in the organisation of experience. It opens up the possibilities of other ways of life, of new and different approaches and views in human relationships. New worlds we didn't know existed are created and familiar worlds are given new structures, put into new frameworks and we are given a deeper understanding of our own, and others', intentions, attitudes and emotions.

Reading the following article in the light of the power of story, we find that narrative in the form of books becomes an important part of learning and ultimately in shaping lives and society. Writers, parents and teachers, therefore, should consider the values presented in books, whether implicit or explicit, and be able to justify what they offer to children in the form of literature.

This article was written with the intention of showing the importance of narrative in the development of young minds. It considers the responses we can make to literature and how this may determine the shape of our thinking. Tracing the history of children's books and the social pressures exerted on them, we see the importance placed on the values that are presented. In the light of the power of story, we see the important part books play in influencing individual lives, and the responsibility of adults in what they offer to children.     

苯并[a]芘对小鼠神经毒性的光镜、电镜及行为学研究

目的：研究苯并[a]芘对小鼠神经系统的损伤。方法：将50只昆明小鼠分为5组，每组10只，染毒组用苯并[a]芘的植物油溶剂进行腹腔注射处理，每次剂量分别为7．8，3．2，1．3mg/kg，每周4次，溶剂对照组用植物油溶剂作平行处理；空白对照组不施加处理因素。实验中观察一般情况，于实验第21，35，49，63天各进行1次行为学实验，实验10周后取小鼠脑组织，脊髓与坐骨神经制作光镜及电镜切片并观察。结果：发现苯并[a]芘染毒组光镜及电镜下可见明显的神经组织损伤，行为学测试中游泳实验记分较对照组低，而溶剂对照组及空白对照组组织结构未见异常，行为学实验正常，结论：苯并[a]芘具有神经毒性。     

紧密连接蛋白在癌症形成中的作用

紧密连接（tight junctions,TJs）是存在于上皮细胞和内皮细胞之间的一种连接方式,有栅栏和屏障的功能。紧密连接分子主要由occludin,claudin和连接黏附分子（junctional adhesion molecules,JAMs）等构成,研究发现,这些蛋白在一定程度上影响着各种癌症的形成。文章针对这三种蛋白的发现、结构、功能以及他们与各种癌症形成的关系进行综述。     

The development of health technology assessment

The field of health technology assessment (HTA) is still relatively new, but it has shown remarkable growth over the last decade, having spread first from the United States to Europe, and now to the entire world. HTA seeks to couple evidence with decision-making, and thus has similarities to evidence-based health care and evidence-based policy-making. The early history of HTA, beginning around 1975, reveals a first period of synthesising available evidence-principally that dealing with efficacy and cost-effectiveness of health care interventions-so as to put it in a format helpful to health policy-makers, especially those in national governments. From 1985 or so, the focus of the second period was on seeking more effective links with these policy-makers, particularly in Europe. The most recent period, beginning in the late 1990s, has been increasingly devoted to more effective dissemination and implementation in order to influence administrators and clinicians. While early assessments tended to focus on large, expensive, machine-based technologies, the scope has gradually widened to include smaller technologies, 'softer' technologies (such as counselling), and health care needs. Actual assessments have also taken on broader issues, such as organisational, social, and ethical implications. In the Member States of the European Union (EU), HTA activities are increasingly visible, and almost all now have a national focus for HTA associated with the Ministry of Health or its equivalent. Central and Eastern European countries are also developing HTA activities. Most recently, HTA has been highlighted by health policy documents from the European Commission. It seems likely that HTA will in the future be institutionalised in some form as part of EU activities.