痛经宁胶囊对雌性幼鼠生殖器官发育的影响及其镇痛抗炎作用

目的:观察痛经宁胶囊(当归、川芎、香附等)对♀幼鼠生殖器官发育的影响及其镇痛抗炎作用.方法:对小鼠子宫、卵巢重量测定,记录小鼠扭体次数和热刺激痛阈,二甲苯致小鼠耳壳肿胀法,大鼠肉芽肿模型法及蛋清致大鼠足趾肿胀法.结果:痛经宁胶囊能明显增加♀幼鼠卵巢和子宫重量,减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数,延长小鼠热刺激痛阈,显著抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳壳肿胀度和肿胀百分率,显著抑制大鼠肉芽肿胀和蛋清所致大鼠足趾肿胀值及足趾肿胀百分率.结论:痛经宁胶囊能促进♀幼鼠生殖器官的发育,有镇痛抗炎作用.     

香椿叶水提物对小鼠炎症抑制作用

目的研究香椿叶水提物抗炎作用机制。方法观察香椿叶水提物对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀、炎症组织和血清中前列腺素E2(PGE2)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响。结果0.5,1.5 g/kg香椿叶水提物灌胃给药能明显抑制对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀,抑制率分别为33.85%和46.98%;对照组大鼠注射角叉菜胶2,4 h后,足跖肿胀度为(0.68±0.19),(1.12±0.10)mL,6 h时开始恢复;对角叉菜胶所致正常大鼠足肿胀,香椿叶水提物高、低剂量组注射3和2 h后与对照组比较可明显抑制;低、高剂量香椿叶水提物可降低肿胀足爪组织中NO及PG E2含量;低剂量香椿叶水提物可降低血清中NO含量。结论香椿叶水提物可能通过影响炎症介质释放和减少NO的生成而起到抑制角叉菜胶性大鼠足肿胀作用。     

黄酮类物质-TFOD对大鼠炎症的影响及其机制的研究

目的:研究黄酮类物质- TFOD的抗炎作用及其机制.方法:采用角叉菜诱导的大鼠足爪肿胀模型进行研究.计量资 料结果以 x± s表示,组间比较采用 t检验、方差分析.结果: TFOD( 30.0、60.0 mg· kg- 1)能明显抑制角叉菜胶诱导 的大鼠足肿胀; TFOD( 30.0 mg· kg- 1)在致炎后 0.5～ 1.0 h有抑制作用; TFOD( 60.0 mg· kg- 1)于致炎后 0.5～ 1.0 h 作用最强,致炎后 4 h仍有一定的抗炎作用.TFOD(15、30、60 mg· kg- 1)能降低大鼠炎症足爪组织和血清中 PGE2、MDA的含量,提高血清中 SOD的含量.TFOD(30、60 mg· kg- 1)能降低大鼠血清中 NO的含量.结论: TFOD( 30.0、60.0 mg· kg- 1)有明显的抗炎作用,其抗炎作用机制可能与抑制 PGE2、NO合成和释放,抑制脂质过氧化,抗超氧阴 离子自由基有关.     

渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎镇痛实验研究

目的探讨渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎和镇痛作用。方法通过热板法和冰醋酸致痛试验、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀试验、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀试验,对渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏进行镇痛抗炎方面的药效学评价。结果渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型可有效提高小鼠痛阈值,减少小鼠扭体反应次数,抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足趾肿胀和抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀。结论渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型有较好的镇痛抗炎作用,且在方便使用的基础上,优于原剂型渭良伤科散的镇痛抗炎作用。     

渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎镇痛实验研究

目的探讨渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎和镇痛作用。方法通过热板法和冰醋酸致痛试验、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀试验、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀试验,对渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏进行镇痛抗炎方面的药效学评价。结果渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型可有效提高小鼠痛阈值,减少小鼠扭体反应次数,抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足趾肿胀和抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀。结论渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型有较好的镇痛抗炎作用,且在方便使用的基础上,优于原剂型渭良伤科散的镇痛抗炎作用。     

温中安胃软胶囊药效学研究

目的:评价温中安胃软胶囊的主要药效.方法:采用热板法、扭体法观察镇痛作用,二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法及角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀法观察抗炎作用,小鼠大黄致泻法观察止泻作用,酚红排泄法观察对小鼠胃排空的影响,炭末推进法观察对小鼠肠推进的影响.结果:温中安胃软胶囊能提高小鼠热刺激痛阈,减少小鼠因冰醋酸致扭体反应数,对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀及角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀有抑制作用,减少大黄煎剂所致小鼠湿粪数,对正常及胃复安负荷小鼠胃排空有抑制作用,对阿托品负荷小鼠胃排空抑制亦有对抗作用,对正常小鼠及新斯的明负荷小鼠肠推进有抑制作用.结论:温中安胃软胶囊有抗炎、镇痛、止泻及调节胃肠运动作用.     

大蒜素通过抗氧化应激缓解小鼠炎性痛的机制研究

目的探讨大蒜素抗炎性痛作用及抗氧化应激机制。方法采用冰醋酸致小鼠扭体、小鼠足底注射甲醛致痛、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及角叉菜胶致小鼠足趾肿胀等实验,观察不同剂量大蒜素的抗炎性痛效应;采用生化法检测角叉菜胶致小鼠足趾肿胀组织SOD、MDA、GSH-Px及T-AOC含量变化。计量资料比较采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果与阴性对照组比较,大蒜素20 mg/kg组及40 mg/kg组小鼠扭体次数和累计舔足时间均降低;大蒜素40mg/kg组小鼠耳廓肿胀度和小鼠足趾肿胀度均低于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与模型组比较,大蒜素40 mg/kg组小鼠足趾肿胀组织SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC含量增加,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论大蒜素对小鼠炎性痛有一定的缓解作用,其机制与抗氧化应激作用有关。     

两种川贝复方制剂抗炎作用及其机制研究

目的 探究川贝复方制剂的抗炎作用及机制。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分成模型组、阳性组(12ml/kg·bw)、川贝复方制剂配方Ⅰ低、高剂量组(2.5 ml/kg·bw、7.5 ml/kg·bw),川贝复方制剂配方Ⅱ低、高剂量组(3.3 ml/kg·bw、9.9 ml/kg·bw)。应用皮下注射Dextran T-40致大鼠足肿胀模型和棉球致大鼠肉芽肿模型,观察川贝复方制剂的抗炎作用。测定足肿胀大鼠血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性,以及肿足渗出物中的丙二醛(MDA)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平;测定肉芽肿大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平。结果 川贝复方制剂配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ对大鼠足肿胀和肉芽肿均有抑制作用(P<0.05),但二者的抗炎作用无差异(P>0.05)。两种配方均能降低足肿胀大鼠血清中NO(P<0.05)、肿足炎性渗出物中MDA(P<0.05)和PGE2(P<0.05)含量,提高SOD活性(P<0.05),并能降低肉芽肿大鼠血清中IL-1β(P<0.05)及TNF-α(P<0.05)水平。结论 川贝复方制剂配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ对大鼠炎症均有防治作用,其机制可能与抑制炎症介质产生和抗氧化作用有关。     

消肿止痛液的药效学研究

目的研究消肿止痛液对实验动物炎性作用、镇痛作用以及活血化瘀作用的影响.方法分别以SD大鼠、小鼠为实验动物,观察消肿止痛液对角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓炎症的作用,以及对镇痛、活血化瘀作用的影响.结果消肿止痛液局部涂擦能明显减轻角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀和二甲苯致小鼠耳廓炎症：明显延长小鼠的痛阈值,减少小鼠扭体次数;显著促进小鼠瘀血吸收.结论消肿止痛液有消炎、镇痛和化瘀作用.     

蜂胶提取液对大鼠急性胸膜炎的作用及其机制的研究

目的观察蜂胶的抗炎作用及其可能的机制。方法40只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照、模型对照、阳性对照(给予醋酸强的松)、蜂胶乙醇提取液和蜂胶水提取液组。注射角叉菜胶以建立急性胸膜炎模型。测定白细胞计数及分类、血清中MDA含量、SOD活性、溶菌酶含量和GSH-PX活性及胸腔渗出液中蛋白质含量、炎症介质NO和PGE2的含量。结果蜂胶的乙醇提取液和蜂胶的水提取液可对抗胸膜炎大鼠胸水增多,抑制中性粒细胞升高,明显降低血清中的MDA含量,增加SOD活性,降低溶菌酶含量和GSH-PX活性,明显降低胸腔渗出液中的蛋白质含量,显著减少炎症介质NO和PGE2的生成,减轻炎症反应的发生程度。结论蜂胶具有良好的抗炎作用。降低NO和前列腺素间的相互作用,减少各种蛋白激酶的激活效应是其机制之一。     

Anti-hypertensive effects of laiju extract in two different rat models

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether laiju extract (LJE) from Semen Raphani and Flos Chrysanthemi has an anti-hypertensive effect in renal hypertensive rat (RHR) and spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR). LJE was prepared by extracting dried Semen Raphani and Flos Chrysanthemi with 70% ethanol. RHR and SHR models were prepared by standard methods. Forty RHRs and 40 SHRs were randomly divided into high LJE (300 mg/kg), moderate LJE (200 mg/kg), low LJE (100 mg/kg) and saline control four groups (n=10), respectively. Compared with saline control, blood pressure was significantly lowered at 6 and 5 hours in high and moderate LJE respectively in both RHR and SHR groups. However, blood pressure was significantly lowered at 2 and 3 hours in low LJE in both RHR and SHR groups, respectively. Compared with saline control, blood pressure remained significantly lower in SHR in all dosage groups with a single daily dose for 28 days of study. LJE has potential in the prevention management of hypertension. Further studies are needed to identify the active chemical constituents and mechanisms of action of LJE.     

银菊珍珠的辅助降血压作用初步研究

[目的 ]　研究口服银菊珍珠的辅助降血压功能。　 [方法 ]　按“保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法”检测。　 [结果 ]　实验室动物模型组与剂量组比较 ,剂量组血压有明显下降。临床试验表明 ,试食组有 2 6例病例有效(86 .6 6 %) ,而对照组有 6例病例有效 (2 0 .0 0 %) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,服药 4周后收缩压 (SBP)及舒张压 (DBP)分别下降 (2 6 .11+ 14 .40 )mmHg及 (18.36 + 9.47)mmHg。心率变化治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 　 [结论 ]　银菊珍珠有辅助降压效果。     

Essential oil of the leaves of Ricinus communis L.: In vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to appraise the antimicrobial activity of Ricinus communis L. essential oil against different pathogenic microorganisms and the cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines. METHODS: The agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of Ricinus communis L. essential oil against 12 bacterial and 4 fungi strains. The disc diameters of zone of inhibition (DD), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the concentration inhibiting 50% (IC50) were investigated to characterize the antimicrobial activities of this essential oil. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Ricinus communis L. essential oil was examined using a modified MTT assay; the viability and the IC50 were used to evaluate this test. RESULTS: The essential oil from the leaves of Ricinus communis L. was analyzed by GC-MS and bioassays were carried out. Five constituents of the oil were identified by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was investigated in order to evaluate its efficacy against twelve bacteria and four fungi species, using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested with higher sensitivity for Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the essential oil on HeLa cell lines were examined by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of the oil was quite strong with IC50 values less than 2.63 mg/ml for both cell lines. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the potential antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic properties of the essential oil of Ricinus communis L., indicating the possibilities of its potential use in the formula of natural remedies for the topical treatment of infections.     

Linoleate enrichment of diet and prostaglandin metabolism in rats.

Evidence that biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PG) in tissues of animals deficient in essential fatty acids is dependent on the availability of their precursors has been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the following: (1) effects of dietary linoleate enrichment on PG biosynthesis in rats; (2) effects of exogenous PGE2 and dietary linoleate on plasma free fatty acids and serum cholesterol in fed and fasted rats. Rats were fed three different concentrations of dietary linoleate as beef tallow, hydrogenated vegetable fat, or corn oil. The concentrations of PGE1 and PGF2a measured by radioimmunoassay were higher in rats fed the fed the beef tallow diet independent of energy status. A decrease in the concentration of PG between fasted and fed rats receiving hydrogenated vegetable fat is discussed in respect to the possible influence of trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids on the biosynthesis of PG. There were significant effects of fasting on serum cholesterol concentration regardless of diet and significant interactions among effects of PGE2, fasting, and diet, suggesting regulatory effects of PGE2 on serum cholesterol concentration. The increase in plasma free fatty acids associated with fasting was prevented by PGE2 for all diets, but had the most marked effect on rats fed hydrogenated vegetable fat.     

Fish oil and tocopherol-induced changes in natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and PGE2 synthesis in young and old mice

Natural killer cell (NK) activity decreases and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level increases in aged mice. Because PGE2 is involved in control of NK activity this study was conducted to investigate whether or not decreasing PGE2 level by changing the type of dietary fat or increasing the level of vitamin E (vit. E) modulates NK activity of young and old mice. Mice were fed either a corn oil (CO) or a fish oil (FO) diet supplemented with 30 or 500 mg/kg diet of vit. E for 6 wk. To study the effect of vit. E during active immune response and oxidative stress, groups of old mice fed CO and either 30 or 500 mg/kg diet of vit. E were injected with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) prior to assessment of their NK activity. As reported by others regarding mice fed a nonpurified diet, the old mice in all dietary groups had significantly less NK activity and tended to synthesize more PGE2 than young mice. FO-fed mice synthesized less PGE2 than CO-fed mice; however, their NK activity was not higher than that of CO-fed mice. By contrast young mice fed FO had a moderately lower NK activity than those fed CO. Vit. E supplementation did not change NK activity in nonimmunized mice but was effective in preventing SRBC-induced decrease in NK activity of old mice.     

(n-3) fatty acids reduce the release of prostaglandin E2 from bone but do not affect bone mass in obese (fa/fa) and lean Zucker rats

Childhood obesity is prevalent and linked to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and poor bone health. Some PUFA enhance bone mass and thus may improve bone health in obese children. The study objective was to determine the effects of dietary (n-6) compared with (n-3) essential PUFA and long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) on bone in an obese and insulin-resistant state. Male fa/fa (n = 48) and lean Zucker rats (n = 48) were fed diets containing safflower oil [SO, high (n-6) PUFA], flaxseed oil [FXO, high (n-3) PUFA], or menhaden oil [MO, high (n-3) LCPUFA] for 9 wk. Measurements included the following: femur bone area (BA), mineral content (BMC), density (BMD), morphometry and ex vivo release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)); plasma osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Differences among groups were detected using 2-way ANOVA. Genotype effects in the fa/fa rats included lower femoral weight, length, BA, and BMC, as well as femoral head and proximal epiphysis widths compared with the lean rats, but BMD was not affected. Femur BA, BMC, and BMD did not differ among the dietary groups, but diaphysis width was elevated in the MO group and PGE(2) release was reduced by the FXO and MO diets. No genotype x diet interactions were observed. These data indicate that the fa/fa Zucker rat is at risk for low bone mass and that dietary (n-3) FA effectively reduce PGE(2) release. Whether reduced PGE(2) will support optimal peak bone mass during childhood and conserve bone mass with aging warrants investigation.     

The Constituents of Essential Oil: Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Micromeria congesta Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. from East Anatolia

Abstract The chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, total phenol content, total antioxidant activity, and total oxidant status of the essential oil from Micromeria congesta Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. were investigated. Steam distillation was used to obtain the essential oil, and the chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity was tested by an agar disc diffusion method against the tested microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-744, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-3711, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598, S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 25933, Escherichia coli 0157H7, E. coli ATCC25922, Micrococcus luteus NRLL B-4375, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, Proteus vulgaris RSKK 96026, and Yersinia enterecolitica RSKK 1501. The major compounds found in volatiles of M. congesta were piperitone oxide, linalool oxide, veratrole, pulegone, dihydro carvone, naphthalene, iso-menthone, para-menthone, and cyclohexanone. Compared to that of reference antibiotics, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil is considered as significant. Results showed that M. congesta has the potential for being used in food and medicine depending on its antioxidant and antibacterial activity.     

Phospholipid fatty acid composition and diamine oxidase activity of intestinal mucosa from rats treated with irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) under vegetable oil-enriched diets: comparison between perilla oil and corn oil

BACKGROUND: Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), a topoisomerase I inhibitor highly effective for various cancers, has its dosage limited by diffuse mucosal damage with increased prostaglandin (PG) E(2). However, an analysis of intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition after CPT-11 treatment has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition in relation to intestinal mucosal integrity and plasma and mucosal PGE(2) levels after CPT-11 treatment. The effect of dietary vegetable oil supplementation, perilla oil vs corn oil, was also evaluated. METHODS: Intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition, PGE(2) level, mucosal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, diarrhea, and blood tests were evaluated in rats injected with CPT-11 under a conventional diet. The same parameters were compared among 3 different dietary vegetable oil supplementations: perilla oil, corn oil, and a 1:3, respectively, mixture with a semisynthetic diet during 14 days. RESULTS: CPT-11 treatment caused severe diarrhea, and intestinal mucosal fatty acid composition changed with increased PGE(2) level and decreased DAO activity. Decreases in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio in colonic mucosa were observed. Perilla oil increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and EPA/AA ratio and decreased plasma PGE(2). But the amounts used were not enough to attenuate intestinal damage from CPT-11 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: CPT-11 induced changes of intestinal mucosal fatty acid composition with increased PGE(2) level and decreased intestinal integrity; perilla oil shows the possibility of being able to attenuate those changes.     

Composition of the essential oil of Bidens tripartita L. roots and its antibacterial and antifungal activities

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the roots of Bidens tripartita L. by hydrodistillation was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 106 compounds were identified (97.1% of the total oil). The main components of the oil were α-pinene (15.0%), β-bisabolene (9.3%), p-cymene (6.0%), hexanal (5.7%), linalool (4.6%), p-cymene-9-ol (3.4%), β-elemene (2.6%), 2-pentylfuran (2.2%), and silphiperfol-6-ene (2.1%). The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the essential oil were evaluated against eight Gram-positive and 11 Gram-negative bacterial species and 10 fungal strains. The oil exhibited a strong antifungal activity.     

Influence of dietary fat, vitamin E, ethoxyquin and indomethacin on the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in brain regions of mice

The regional brain synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of rats varies with age and dietary vitamin E. We investigated ex-vivo synthesis of PGE2 in brain regions of 24-mo-old male C57BL/6Nia mice. Mice were fed semipurified diets containing 1) 5% by weight of vitamin E-stripped corn oil, nonhydrogenated coconut oil or fish oil, or 2) 3.8% lard + 1.2% stripped corn oil (control), each supplemented with 30 or 500 mg of vitamin E per kg for 6 wk. In addition, two groups of mice were fed control diets containing 2500 mg of ethoxyquin/kg or 1 mg of indomethacin/(kg.day). Mice fed fish oil had lower (P less than 0.01) plasma alpha-tocopherol than those fed coconut oil. Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in most brain regions. The rank order of PGE2 synthesis among all groups was cerebrum = cerebellum greater than midbrain greater than brainstem. Vitamin E supplementation tended to reduce brain PGE2 synthesis. Fat with 30 mg/kg of vitamin E in their diet. In the brainstem, fish oil significantly reduced PGE2 relative to mice fed corn oil. Ethoxyquin lowered plasma alpha-tocopherol by 42% and reduced the PGE2 synthesis in brain regions, and indomethacin reduced it by 50%. Thus, ethoxyquin and indomethacin significantly reduced the brain's regional capacity for PGE2 synthesis, whereas vitamin E was not effective for the period tested. The reduction of PGE2 synthesis in the brain with fish oil feeding in this study was not as notable as reported for other tissues unless combined with high-dose vitamin E supplementation.