Haemodialysis-induced changes in red blood cell size-distribution histograms

Treatment by haemodialysis may result in changes of the red blood cell size-distribution histograms in most subjects. After maintenance haemodialysis a statistically significant shift to the left is observed for the mean size distribution histogram in a group consisting of sixteen women. The shift is in agreement with the finding of significantly higher values for the microcyte fraction, as well as with significantly lower mean cell volume (MCV) values. No significant changes were observed for the macrocytic fractions of red blood cells.     

Investigations on red cell size distribution histograms in subjects treated by maintenance haemodialysis

In forty-nine subjects on maintenance haemodialysis quantitative information with respect to changes in the erythron was derived from the red blood cell size distribution histogram. Increased values for the fraction of microcytes were observed in seventeen subjects, whereas in three subjects increased fractions of macrocytes were established. Both fractions were found to be increased simultaneously in only one subject. In the case of normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values, the fractions of microcytes were shown to be increased in four male and three female subjects. In contrast, MCV values were increased in four male subjects while the fractions of macrocytes did not exceed the reference range. Several causes which may give rise to abnormalities in red blood cell size distribution histograms in subjects treated by haemodialysis are discussed. From the interpretation of results for serum ferritin concentration, serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity, and iron saturation percentage it is difficult to establish unequivocally whether the iron supply to the patient is appropriate.     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS : II. THE PERIOD OF DISEASE LATENCY

The mean blood cell levels of 35 latent syphilitic rabbits in which all lesions had undergone spontaneous regression and complete healing were compared with weighted values for normal rabbits. The only differences noted were in the red cell count and hemoglobin content, both of which were significantly lower in the experimental group than the normal values. A parallelism was observed between the blood cell changes of the experimental disease after spontaneous regression of lesions, and the cell changes in the human disease after treatment. This parallelism lends additional weight to deductions drawn from the experimental disease as applied to human syphilis.     

Iron induced increase in red cell size in haemodialysis patients

In a group of haemodialysis patients who were iron loaded secondary to parenteral iron administration a slight but significant increase in red cell size was noted when compared to a normal population. This macrocytosis was not related to serum B12 or folate levels, or to the reticulocyte count. On stopping iron therapy both mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values declined significantly as did serum ferritin and iron levels. Bone marrow smears were of normal or increased cellularity. When iron therapy was discontinued there was a steady fall in serum ferritin levels without a drop in haemoglobin values suggesting that the excess iron was available for haemopoiesis. These findings suggest that the increase in red cell size in this group of patients may have been induced directly by iron overload.     

Iron Induced Increase in Red Cell Size in Haemodialysis Patients

In a group of haemodialysis patients who were iron loaded secondaryto parenteral iron administration a slight but significant increasein red cell size was noted when compared to a normal population.This macrocytosis was not related to serum B₁₂ or folate levels,or to the reticulocyte count. On stopping iron therapy bothmean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin(MCH) values declined significantly as did serum ferritin andiron levels. Bone marrow smears were of normal or increasedcellularity. When iron therapy was discontinued there was asteady fall in serum ferritin levels without a drop in haemoglobinvalues suggesting that the excess iron was available for haemopolesis.These findings suggest that the increase in red cell size inthis group of patients may have been induced directly by ironoverload.     

Changes in platelet volume, morphology and RNA content in subjects treated with haemodialysis

During haemodialysis treatment, blood flows from the body to the extracorporeal circuit and vice versa. In this study, pathophysiological defects in platelets indicated by alterations in RNA content and aberrations in platelet volume and morphology are detected before and during haemodialysis treatment. In subjects receiving haemodialysis treatment, qualitative interpretation of platelet characteristics with application of light microscopic evaluation reveals only 19+/-11 % of platelets with appropriate staining density of the granule-containing cytoplasm. On the contrary, a reference group of apparently healthy subjects shows 70+/-12 % platelets with appropriate staining density of the granule-containing cytoplasm. During haemodialysis treatment, mean values for platelet volume, platelet distribution width and platelet large cell ratio demonstrate a tendency to decrease by 10 %, 11 % and 6 %, respectively, from the mean initial value to the value at t = 150 min. Reduction of the platelet volume parameters just mentioned is hypothesized to be due to platelet degranulation as a result of platelet activation.     

Investigation of red cell size distribution histograms of normal male and female subjects

Size distribution histograms characterizing the red blood cell (RBC) populations of normal subjects are provided. Separate haemocytometric reference ranges were established for apparently healthy male and female adults by using an Ortho ELT 800 Hematology Analyzer, which is based on the principle of measuring light scattering intensity (LSI). Effects of sphering RBCs on some characteristics of size distribution histograms were also investigated. The absolute distribution width at half peak height (ADW0.5) of RBC size distribution histograms of sphered RBCs is shown to be approximately 40% lower than for unsphered RBCs. The mean RBC size distribution histogram determined for the group of female subjects was shown to be significantly shifted to the right in comparison with the mean size distribution histogram calculated for males, indicating a sex-related difference. The shift is concordant with a significantly higher fraction of microcytes in male subjects, as well as with lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values in males compared with females.     

STUDIES IN THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY OF THE RABBIT : VI. BLOOD CELL RELATIONSHIPS IN GROUPS OF NORMAL RABBITS WITH RESPECT TO TIME

1. Statistical analyses have been made of the weekly variations in the blood counts of groups of normal rabbits to find whether there exists any relationship between the numerical changes occurring in the various cell types. Consecutive blood counts and differential white cell determinations on five groups of normal male rabbits comprising 45 animals in all were made at weekly intervals from October, 1927, to June, 1929, the number of observations on each group varying from eight to thirty-five. 2. The following relationships between the varying group means were found to be consistent and significant:—The number of the red blood cells varied with the amount of hemoglobin per cubic millimeter and with the number of lymphocytes. There was an inverse relationship between the amount of hemoglobin and the number of monocytes. The neutrophiles varied in number with the monocytes; the basophiles with the eosinophiles; and the eosinophiles with the monocytes. Other associations not always similar but of high significance as far as the combined values were concerned, were the relations of the red blood cells with the basophiles and the monocytes. The relations of the neutrophiles with the red blood cells and the hemoglobin were very irregular. 3. Significant association of the white blood cells with variations in the red blood cells and the hemoglobin content were observed. The numerical variations in the group means of the total white cells were associated with similar variations in the group means of the neutrophiles, the lymphocytes, the monocytes, the basophiles, and the eosinophiles almost to the degree of their numerical occurrence in the peripheral blood. 4. With the exception of the total white cells, approximately only half the variations in the group levels of the various cells and of the hemoglobin content can be accounted for on the basis of simultaneous associations with each other. 5. The red blood cells, the lymphocytes, and the basophiles as one group, the eosinophiles and the monocytes as another group, and the hemoglobin content and the neutrophiles as a third group, described a definite shift from a high to a low numerical value during the 2 year observation period. From the standpoint of the magnitude of the shift, the basophiles, the eosinophiles, the monocytes, the lymphocytes, and the red blood cells participated in the order mentioned. The neutrophiles were only slightly affected and the hemoglobin content relatively not at all. 6. No significant relationship was ever found, even in the component groups, between the weekly mean values of the following: the hemoglobin with the basophiles, the eosinophiles, or the lymphocytes; the neutrophiles with the basophiles or the eosinophiles; and the lymphocytes with the eosinophiles or the monocytes.     

Changes in platelet volume,morphology and RNA content in subjects treated with haemodialysis

During haemodialysis treatment, blood flows from the body to the extracorporeal circuit and vice versa. In this study, pathophysiological defects in platelets indicated by alterations in RNA content and aberrations in platelet volume and morphology are detected before and during haemodialysis treatment. In subjects receiving haemodialysis treatment, qualitative interpretation of platelet characteristics with application of light microscopic evaluation reveals only 19±11?% of platelets with appropriate staining density of the granule‐containing cytoplasm. On the contrary, a reference group of apparently healthy subjects shows 70±12?% platelets with appropriate staining density of the granule‐containing cytoplasm. During haemodialysis treatment, mean values for platelet volume, platelet distribution width and platelet large cell ratio demonstrate a tendency to decrease by 10?%, 11?% and 6?%, respectively, from the mean initial value to the value at t = 150?min. Reduction of the platelet volume parameters just mentioned is hypothesized to be due to platelet degranulation as a result of platelet activation.     

血液检验红细胞参数鉴别诊断贫血患者价值研究

目的:探讨血液检验红细胞参数在鉴别诊断贫血患者中的价值。方法:选本院地中海贫血患者48例作为地中海贫血组,48例缺铁性贫血的患者为缺铁性贫血组以及选择该时期进行体检的正常人48例为对照组。比较血液检验红细胞参数的差异。结果:血红细胞含量、红细胞平均血红蛋白量和红细胞平均体积都是对照组最大,红细胞体积分布宽度缺铁性贫血组最大,红细胞计数地中海贫血组最大,差异均显著,P<0.05。结论:血液检验红细胞参数不仅能够诊断贫血,还能够将贫血的类型进行鉴别。     

尿红细胞形态及平均体积在在血尿定位应用分析

目的探讨尿红细胞形态及尿红细胞平均体积(MCV)检查在判定血尿来源定位应用价值。方法选取100例血尿的标本作为考察对象,Sysmex XN-1000全自动血球分析仪检测尿红细胞平均体积(MCV),并用相差显微镜检查尿红细胞形态学,观察和分析肾小球性血尿组(glomerular hematuria,GH)和非肾小球血尿组(non glomerular hematuria,NGH)尿红细胞形态及尿红细胞平均体积的差异。结果肾小球性血尿(GH)组尿MCV值(63.71±6.03)fl明显低于非肾小球性血尿(NGH)组MCV值(92.37±12.11)fl(P0.05)且尿MCV不高于72.0fl,变形红细胞80%呈多形型。结论尿中红细胞形态及红细胞平均体积特征分析可作为血尿定位诊断和鉴别诊断的方法之一,有助于判断血尿的来源提供临床参考依据。     

香港血红蛋白病分析研究——玛丽医院五年经验总结

本研究的目的是分析香港血红蛋白病的类型分布,介绍筛选病例的经验以及用统计学方法找出一些在筛选及鉴别血红蛋白病方面有用的方法。结果显示,香港以HbE为最多(69％),其中杂和性HbE占大多数。RBC在筛选血红蛋白病方面意义不大,而RDW和MCV在筛选血红蛋白病方面较MCH和Hb更为重要。另外,相关分析显示,RDW与MCV,Hb,MCH和RBC呈负相关,这在鉴别某些红细胞疾病方面可能是有用的。     

Plasma an intraerythrocyte amino-acid levels during and after haemodialysis in acute renal failure

A study is carried out on the variations of plasma and blood red cells free amino acid concentrations secondary to haemodialysis in patients suffering from acute renal failure. A reduction in plasma free amino acid pool has been observed in patients undergoing to many periodic haemosialysis, but no significant differences occur in plasma aminogram between before and after a single dyalitic procedure. Significant alterations were also observed in blood red cells aminogram, and this may be interpreted as reflex of intracellular omeostatic mechanisms for the maintenance of normal plasma free amioacid pattern.     

雄性大鼠长期有氧运动期间血液铁状态与饮食铁含量的关系

背景:运动对雌性大鼠血液铁状态的影响也已经得到广泛研究,但运动对雄性大鼠血液铁状态的影响仍不明确。目的:观察不同铁含量饮食以及游泳运动对雄性大鼠血液铁状态的影响。方法:断乳雄性SD大鼠90只,分为饮食低铁含量组、标准铁含量组、高铁含量组。每组再分为运动组和静息组。用不同的铁含量饲料喂养1个月后,运动组开始游泳,每天1次,持续3个月,静息组除不做运动外,其余处理同对应运动组。最后1次运动后,大鼠空腹24h,戊巴比妥钠麻醉下取静脉血测定红细胞相关指标和血清铁状态指标。结果与结论:饮食铁含量对红细胞和血清铁状态指标的主效应都有显著影响,运动对红细胞分布宽度、血浆总铁结合力的主效应也显著影响。饮食低铁含量静息组表现为铁缺乏性贫血的典型改变,而运动组血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和度显著降低,血浆总铁结合力显著增大,说明低铁饮食情况下运动加重了血液低铁状态。饮食标准铁含量、高铁含量的运动组都表现为红细胞分布宽度显著增大,血浆总铁结合力显著增大,但其他指标均无显著改变,说明运动没有导致血液低铁状态。     

Enzymatic erythrocyte creatine determinations as an index for cell age

Creatine concentration in red blood cells was determined after ammoniumsulfate precipitation on a clear hemoglobin-free filtrate with a new enzymatic assay making use of bacterial creatinase. The method described is more specific than Griffiths' method and can easily be mechanised and adapted for use in a routine laboratory using classical automated equipment. By contrast with Griffiths' method no significant interferences of amino acids and creatine-like molecules were found. Reference values for this method were 0.379 +/- 0.076 mmol/l. In patients with high turnover of erythrocytes, e.g. haemodialysis patients (0.529 +/- 0.122 mmol/l), and renal insufficiency patients (0.565 +/- 0.145 mmol/l), significantly increased creatine concentration in erythrocytes were observed. Low erythrocyte creatine concentrations were found in chronic ambulatory dialysis patients (0.311 +/- 0.042 mmol/l).     

缺氧缺血性脑病患儿血常规结果分析及其临床意义

目的探讨27项血常规参数在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）中的变化及其意义。方法利用全自动血细胞分析仪对29例HIE患儿和30例健康新生儿进行白细胞、红细胞及血小板等参数检测,分析其结果和临床意义。结果H1E组与对照组比较,（1）白细胞参数：淋巴细胞比率、单核细胞比率、中性粒细胞比率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而白细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（2）红细胞参数：血细胞比容、红细胞平均体积、平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、红细胞分布宽度CV、红细胞分布宽度SD、网织红细胞计数、网织红细胞百分比、未成熟网织红细胞、低荧光网织红细胞比率、高荧光网织红细胞比率、有核红细胞计数、有核红细胞百分比等12项红细胞参数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而红细胞计数、血红蛋白、平均血红蛋白含量、中荧光强度网织红细胞比率等参数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（3）血小板参数：血小板计数、血小’板：压积差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度及大型血小板比率等参数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论利用全自动血细胞分析仪对HIE患儿外周血进行常规筛查和动态监测,计数快速、准确,能很好地满足临床应用,协助临床诊断HIE。     

血细胞形态学检查在发热患者中的诊断价值

目的分析血细胞形态学在发热疾病中的诊断价值。方法选取2018年12月至2019年12月我院收治的106例发热患者作为研究对象,设为观察组,选取同时期在我院进行健康体检的106名人员作为对照组。对两组研究对象进行血细胞形态学检验,观察两组的血细胞形态异常率、血细胞形态学检验结果,并比较不同发热程度患者的血细胞形态学检验结果。结果观察组的血细胞形态异常率为41.51%,明显高于对照组的1.89%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、红细胞分布宽度标准差均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度发热患者的血细胞形态学检验结果高于轻度发热和中度发热患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血细胞形态学检验能够对发热患者的病因进行判断,避免临床上的误诊和漏诊,并且可以判断患者的发热程度,对指导疾病的治疗有重要意义。     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS : I. THE PERIOD OF DISEASE ACTIVITY

Weekly observations were made on the blood cytology of seven syphilitic and nine normal control rabbits. Each animal was examined seven times prior to and fifteen times after inoculation of the experimental group. Comparisons were made between the mean blood cell values obtained from all counts on the experimental and control groups in the preinoculation and postinoculation periods. The mean blood cell formula of the syphilitic group for the 3½ month period after inoculation was significantly different from the preinoculation mean values observed in the same group in the following respects: higher total white cell count, platelet count, neutrophil count, and monocyte count, and lower lymphocyte count. The mean blood cell formula of the syphilitic group for the 3½ month period after inoculation was significantly different from the mean blood cell formula of the normal control group in the same time interval in the following respects: higher total white cell count, platelet count, neutrophil and monocyte counts, and lower lymphocyte count. From these results it was concluded that during the period of disease activity, the blood cytology of rabbits infected with Tr. pallidum is characterized by an increase in the total white cell count, the platelet, neutrophil, and monocyte counts, and a decrease in the lymphocyte count from normal values. These changes were statistically significant.     

红细胞参数在贫血鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨红细胞参数(RBC HB MCV MCH MCHC RDW)对几种贫血鉴别诊断的临床价值。材料与方法:用Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪测定189例不同疾病导致的贫血患者和100例健康成人血细胞进行检测分析,并对红细胞参数中RBC、HB、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)等指标进行比较。结果:缺铁性贫血患者HB、RBC、MCV、MCH低于健康对照组,RDW显著增高;骨髓增生异常综合征、巨幼细胞贫血和溶血性贫血患者HB、RBC低于对照组,而MCV、MCH、RDW明显高于对照组;再生障碍性贫血、慢性肾病、慢性肝病和急性失血患者HB、RBC低于对照组,其余指标与健康对照组比较均无统计学差异。结论:上述几型贫血患者,红细胞参数均有不同改变,红细胞参数的检测有助于贫血类型的鉴别诊断,具有重要的临床价值。     

再生障碍性贫血中红细胞参数和血细胞变化的临床意义

目的：通过分析再生障碍性贫血中红细胞参数和血细胞变化,为再生障碍性贫血临床诊断提供筛选指标。方法：长期观察的7例慢性再生障碍性贫血（SAAⅡ）病儿血红蛋白（Hb）、血小板（PLT）、白细胞（WBC）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）及红细胞分布宽度（RDW）进行回顾性分析。结果：7例慢性再生障碍性贫血病儿标本中除治愈那例外,其他,全部标本MCV大于100fl、RDW小于14.6%。治愈1例在MCV下降前有6个月出现RDW上升,最高15.6%。结论：大MCV和小RDW是再生障碍性贫血较为特异表现,可作为临床筛选SAA指标。