Assessment of Imaging Features of Crohn’s Disease with MR Enterography

Background: To evaluate the frequency of pathological findings determined on magnetic resonance (MR) enterography (MRE) in patients with Crohn’s Disease.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the MRE images was made in 34 female and 41 male patients (mean age 41 years) with Crohn’s disease. The prevalence of bowel wall (mural thickening, mural edema, mural fat deposits, mucosal enhancement, ulceration, cobblestone appearance, pseudopolyps) and mesenteric fatty tissue alterations (fatty tissue proliferation, mesenteric hypervascularity, enlarged lymph nodes, peri-enteric inflammation, reactive fluid), complications due to penetrating (fistula, sinus tract, abscess) and stenosing processes (fibrotic and inflammatory stenosis, obstruction, dilatation), and involvement of the colon were determined.Results: The most frequently observed changes in the bowel wall and mesenteric fatty tissue were mural thickening (98.7%) and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes (76%), respectively. Stenosis was the most common complication (76%). The most frequently seen pathology of the colon was ileocecal valve thickening and enhancement (74.7%).Conclusion: MR enterography is a useful imaging modality for the evaluation of changes in both the mesenteric fatty tissue and the bowel wall. As there is no use of ionizing radiation, MR enterography should be the preferred imaging modality during follow-up of patients with Crohn’s disease.     

Prevalence and clinical significance of sonographic detection of enlarged regional lymph nodes in Crohn's disease

OBJECTIVE: Reactive regional lymph node enlargement is a frequent ultrasonographic finding in patients with Crohn's disease. However, the prevalence of this condition and its clinical significance are unknown. This study assesses the prevalence of enlarged regional mesenteric lymph nodes and its clinical significance in Crohn's disease, and in particular whether there is a correlation between the sonographic detection of enlarged regional lymph nodes and the degree of clinical or biochemical activity of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 240 in- and outpatients with Crohn's disease underwent intestinal ultrasound to assess the presence of enlarged regional lymph nodes as well as the thickness and echopattern of the bowel wall, the site and extent of Crohn's disease and the presence of stenosis, fistulas and abscesses. Demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters were also collected for each patient. A multivariate model by means of multiple regression analysis was used to identify independent variables linked to regional lymph node enlargement. RESULTS: Enlarged regional lymph nodes were detected ultrasonographically in 25.4% of Crohn's disease patients. The presence of regional lymph nodes showed a weak correlation with both clinical and biochemical Crohn's disease activity. Regional lymph nodes were found more frequently in young patients (50% of patients < 30 years, 18% of patients between 30 and 50 yrs, and 7% of patients > 50 yrs; p<0.0001) and in patients with a shorter disease duration. Enlarged regional lymph nodes were strongly correlated with internal fistulas and intra-abdominal abscesses. The multiple regression analysis showed that age, duration of disease and presence of internal fistulas were the best independent predictive factors linked to the presence of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The sonographic detection of enlarged regional lymph nodes is more frequent in young patients, which suggests an earlier phase of Crohn's disease and the presence of septic complications such as fistulas and abscesses, but this is of limited valued in assessing disease activity.     

Comparison of Silicosis and Tuberculosis Involving Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Based on Contrast-Enhanced Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography

Purpose

To investigate the different imaging features of contrast-enhanced multidetector-row-computed tomography (MDCT) for distinguishing between silicosis and tuberculosis involving the mediastinal lymph nodes.

Methods

86 silicosis patients and 61 tuberculosis patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy based on contrast-enhanced MDCT were included. The enhanced patterns, anatomical distribution and calcification features of the enlarged lymph nodes were retrospectively compared between the groups using the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Homogeneous enhancement of the mediastinal lymph nodes was more commonly observed in silicosis (94.2%, 81/86) than in tuberculosis (19.7%, 12/61). Peripheral enhancement was more frequent in tuberculosis (n?=?44, 72.1%) than in silicosis involving the mediastinal lymph nodes (n?=?1, 1.2%), and multilocular appearance was more frequent in TB than in silicosis. Tuberculosis was more likely to affect regions 1R, 2R, 2L, 3A, 5 and 6 than silicosis (all p?<?0.05), especially region 2R. Calcification of the lymph nodes was more common in the silicosis group than in tuberculosis group. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of silicosis with lymphadenopathy with homogeneous enhanced pattern were 94.2%, 80.3% and 88.4%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of tuberculosis lymphadenopathy with peripheral enhanced pattern were 72.1%, 98.8%, and 87.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

The predominant enhanced patterns, anatomical distribution, and calcification features of mediastinal lymph nodes were different between tuberculosis and silicosis. These radiographic features might help differentiate tuberculosis from silicosis, which provides imaging information for the differential diagnosis of the two diseases in a clinical setting.

     

Fifteen years’ experience of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation in the Nordic countries

Abstract

Objective. Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation have gained acceptance as treatment modalities for patients with: intestinal failure and life-threatening complications of parenteral nutrition (PN), rare cases of vascular abdominal catastrophes and selected cases of low-grade neoplastic tumors such as neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors and desmoids involving the mesenteric root. The aim was to describe the survival and nutritional outcome in the transplanted Nordic patients and the complications attributed to this procedure. Method. The authors included all Nordic patients transplanted between January 1998 and December 2013. Information on patients transplanted outside the Nordic region was collected through questionnaires. Results. A total of 34 patients received different types of intestinal allografts. Currently, there are two Nordic transplant centers (n = 29) performing these procedures (Gothenburg, Sweden n = 24, Helsinki, Finland n = 5). The remaining five patients were transplanted in the USA (n = 3) and the UK (n = 2). Most patients were transplanted for life-threatening failure of PN (70%) caused primarily by intestinal motility diseases (59%). Allograft rejection was the most common complication and occurred in 79% of the patients followed by post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (21%) and graft-versus-host disease (18%). The 1- and 5-year survival was 79% and 65% respectively for the whole cohort and nutritional autonomy was achieved in 73% of the adults and 57% of the children at 1 year after transplantation. Conclusion. This collective Nordic experience confirms that intestinal transplantation is a complex procedure with many complications, yet with the possibility to provide long-term survival in selected conditions previously considered untreatable.     

回盲部结核、癌与淋巴瘤的CT扫描特征分析

目的 分析回盲部结核、癌与淋巴瘤的CT表现特点,提高回盲部疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法 回顾性分析2008年2月至2019年9月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院影像资料库的回盲部结核16例(结核组)、回盲部癌40例(癌症组)、回盲部淋巴瘤14例(淋巴瘤组)患者资料,比较3组疾病的CT表现特征。结果 (1)结核组、癌症组与淋巴瘤组病变肠管长度分别为(9.5±2.9)cm、(4.7±1.4)cm、(9.0±2.7)cm,结核组与癌症组、癌症组与淋巴瘤组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.046,P=0.000;t=7.309,P=0.000)。三组病变肠管厚度分别为(1.6±0.3)cm、(2.3±0.7)cm、(2.3±0.6)cm,结核组与癌症组、结核组与淋巴瘤组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.177,P=0.002;t=2.082,P=0.037)。(2)结核组与淋巴瘤组主要表现为肠壁较均匀增厚,三组肠壁较均匀增厚发生率分别为62.5%(10/16)、22.5%(9/40)、57.1%(8/14),结核组与癌症组、癌症组与淋巴瘤组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ ²=8.157,P=0.004;χ ²=5.770,P=0.016);癌症组主要表现为肠壁不规则呈肿块样病灶,三组出现肠壁不规则呈肿块样病灶的发生率分别为37.5%(6/16)、77.5%(31/40)、42.9%(6/14),结核组与癌症组、癌症组与淋巴瘤组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ ²=8.157,P=0.004;χ ²=5.770,P=0.016)。三组出现病变肠管与正常肠管分界模糊的发生率分别为87.5%(14/16)、30.0%(12/40)、21.4%(3/14),结核组与癌症组、结核组与淋巴瘤组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ ²=15.190,P=0.000;Fisher确切概率法P=0.001)。三组出现肠周轻度“浑浊征”的发生率分别为25.0%(4/16)、77.5%(31/40)、92.9%(13/14),结核组与癌症组、结核组与淋巴瘤组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ ²=13.440,P=0.000;Fisher确切概率法P=0.000);结核组、癌症组与淋巴瘤组出现肠周重度“浑浊征”的发生率分别为75.0%(12/16)、22.5%(9/40)、7.1%(1/14),结核组与癌症组、结核组与淋巴瘤组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ ²=13.440,P=0.000;Fisher确切概率法P=0.000)。结论 回盲部结核、癌与淋巴瘤的病变肠管长度及厚度、与正常肠管分界情况、肠周“浑浊征”的程度等CT征象不同,CT扫描有助于明确诊断。     

Intestinal tuberculosis of the terminal ileum causing obstructive ileus and tuberculous peritonitis and presenting numerous peritoneal small red nodules: a case report

A 38-year-old woman suffering from lower abdominal pain was referred to our hospital. Abdominal computed tomography showed marked thickening of the terminal ileum to the cecum, localized collection of ascites, and multiple mesenteric lymphadenopathy. A barium contrast small bowel series showed solitary severe stenosis of the terminal ileum with marked swelling of the ileocecal valve, where colonoscopy could not pass through, suggesting that ileal stenosis was caused by intestinal tuberculosis. She also showed strongly positive tuberculin skin test. Laparoscopy-assisted ileocecal resection was performed for confirmation of diagnosis and removal of the stenotic intestinal lesion. Laparoscopically, numerous small red nodules scattered on the stenotic ileal serosa, peritoneum, and mesenterium. Histopathological examination revealed ileal tuberculosis causing ulcerative stricture, and mesenteric tuberculous lymphadenitis. The small red nodules were formed of hemorrhagic tuberculous nodules.     

Extensive varices of ileocecum

A man was admitted to our hospital because of intestinal reddish bleeding. Colonic varices were found at the cecum by colonoscopy. Angiography of the superior mesenteric artery showed that blood vessels were scant from the end of the ileum to the ascending colon. An operative view revealed the varices, but there was no trace of the ileocecal vein. This case, presenting a deficit of the ileocecal vein, indicated that the blood flow could not return via the ileocecal vein, and therefore there was an outflow through the varices to the surrounding intestine or abdominal veins. Such a case is probably unrepresented in the literature because it was caused by the total deficiency of the ileocecal vein and it was in the right colon.     

Clinical usefulness of classification by transabdominal ultrasonography for detection of small-bowel stricture

Abstract

Objective. To assess the clinical usefulness of transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS) for detection of small-bowel stricture. Patients and methods. Subjects were 796 patients undergoing double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), December 2003–October 2011. All underwent TUS prior to DBE. The TUS findings were classified by type as intestinal narrowing and distension at the oral side (Type A); extensive bowel wall thickening (Type B); focal bowel wall thickening (Type C) or no abnormality detected (Type D). We compared TUS findings against DBE findings with respect to small-bowel stricture, defined as failure of the enteroscope to pass through the small bowel. Results. Small-bowel stricture was detected by DBE in 11.3% (90/796) of patients. Strictures resulted from Crohn's disease (n = 36), intestinal tuberculosis (n = 24), malignant lymphoma (n = 9), ischemic enteritis (n = 6), NSAID ulcer (n = 5), radiation enteritis (n = 2), surgical anastomosis (n = 2) and other abnormalities (n = 6). Stricture was detected by TUS in 93.3% (84/90) of patients, and each such stricture fell into one of the three types of TUS abnormality. The remaining 6 strictures were detected only by DBE. DBE-identified strictures corresponded to TUS findings as follows: 100% (43/43) to Type A, 59.1% (29/49) to Type B, 14.8% (12/81) to Type C and 1% (6/623) to Type D. Correspondence between stricture and the Type A classification (vs. Types B, C and D) was significantly high, as was correspondence between stricture and Type B (vs. Types C and D). Conclusions. TUS was shown to be useful for detecting small-bowel stricture. We recommend performing TUS first when a small-bowel stricture is suspected.     

Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis： Experience from 11 cases and review of the literature

AIM: To analyze the experience within our hospital and to review the literature so as to establish the best means of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.METHODS: The records of 11 patients (4 males, 7 females,mean age 39 years, range 18-65 years) diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis in Harran University Hospital between January 1996 and October 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the literature was reviewed.RESULTS: Ascites was present in all cases. Other common findings were weight loss (81%), weakness (81%), abdominal mass (72%), abdominal pain (72%), abdominal distension (63%), anorexia (45%) and night sweat (36%). The average hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dL and the average ESR was 50 mm/h (range 30-125). Elevated levels of cancer antigen CA-125 were determined in four patients. Abdominal ultrasound showed abnormalities in all cases: ascites in all, tuboovarian mass in five, omental thickening in 3, and enlarged lymph nodes (mesenteric, para-aortic) in 2. CT scans showed ascites in all, pelvic mass in 5, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 4, mesenteric stranding in 4, omental stranding in 3,bowel wall thickening in 2 and mesenteric lymphadenopathy in 2. Only one patient had a chest radiograph suggestive of a new TB lesion. Two had a positive family history of pulmonary TB. None had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the sputum and the tuberculin test was positive in only two. Laparotomy was performed in 6 cases, laparoscopy in 4 and ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration in 2. In those patients subjected to operation, the findings were multiple diffuse involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum, white‘miliary nodules‘ or plaques, enlarged lymph nodes, ascites,‘violin string‘ fibrinous strands, and omental thickening.Biopsy specimens showed granulomas, while ascitic fluid showed numerous lymphocytes. Both were negative for acid-fast bacilli by staining. PCR of ascitic fluid was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis) in all cases.CONCLUSION: Abdominal TB should be considered in all cases with ascites. Our experience suggests that PCR of ascitic fluid obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a reliable method for its diagnosis and should at least be attempted before surgical intervention.     

Intestinal obstruction promotes gut translocation of bacteria

PURPOSE: Translocation of enteric organisms has been implicated as a possible source of sepsis in susceptible patients. Animal studies have suggested that intestinal obstruction promotes bacterial translocation from the gut lumen. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of bacterial translocation in patients with and without intestinal obstruction. METHODS: Serosal scrapings, mesenteric lymph nodes, and peripheral blood cultures were obtained from 254 patients. Scrapings and nodes were homogenized and incubated aerobically and anaerobically. Full-thickness biopsies underwent villous height analysis. The clinical course was followed for at least six weeks. RESULTS: Bacterial translocation to mesenteric nodes occurred more frequently in patients with large bowel obstruction than in patients without obstruction (14 of 36 patients vs.16 of 218 patients;P<0.001). Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were found to translocate. The more distal the obstruction, the more likely anaerobic bacteria were to be identified. Translocation of bacteria predisposed to postoperative septic complications (P<0.05). Villous height was not related to bacterial translocation. CONCLUSIONS: Gut translocation of bacteria is more common in patients with intestinal obstruction, and its association with septic complications appears to be of clinical significance.Supported by the Yorkshire Regional Health Authority Research Trust, Harrogate, United Kingdom.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Orlando, Florida, May 8 to 13, 1994.     

Clinical features of abdominal tuberculosis

The clinical features of 81 cases of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) are presented. The peritoneum was involved in 41 patients, the ileocecal area in 17, the anorectal area in 16, and mesenteric glands in 8. There was one case each involving the liver and sigmoid colon. Most patients were young women. The tuberculin reaction was significant in 83% of patients tested, and 54% had evidence of TB elsewhere. Tuberculous peritonitis was more common in native North American Indians and presented as an acute abdomen, abdominal tumor, or cirrhosis. Asians developed the majority of ileocecal and mesenteric lymph node disease and were frequently diagnosed as having Crohn's disease, appendicitis, or cancer. Anorectal cases presented with fistulae or abscesses and usually had concomitant pulmonary TB. The disease was fatal in five patients (6%), four of whom were diagnosed only after death. One noncompliant patient had a relapse. All other patients were cured after receiving treatment.     

Perihilar lymph nodes in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis with and without cholangiocellular carcinoma

Objective. Enlarged perihilar lymph nodes have been described in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The aim of the study was to determine the clinical relevance of perihilar lymph nodes in PSC patients with and without cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). Material and methods. The status of perihilar lymph nodes was investigated in 117 patients with PSC using “high-end” ultrasound. Thirty-five of the 117 PSC patients had histologically proven CCC. Lymph node status was correlated with the presence of CCC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results. Seventy-three percent of PSC patients without CCC and 86% of patients with CCC had enlarged perihilar lymph nodes (NS). In CCC patients, the width of lymph nodes was significantly larger (12±6 mm versus 8±4 mm; p=0.0001), and the length:width ratio (2.15±0.7:1 versus 2.5±0.6:1; p=0.004) of the lymph nodes was significantly lower. Thirty-seven percent of PSC patients without CCC and 57% of patients with PSC and CCC had multiple perihilar lymph nodes (p=0.04). In all patients, the presence versus absence of IBD had no influence on the number (84% versus 74%,) and size of perihilar lymph nodes (length: 21±10 mm versus 19±7 mm). Lymph node status did not correlate with the number of episodes of cholangitis. Conclusions. Enlarged perihilar lymph nodes are characteristic of patients with PSC. Since perihilar lymph nodes are not predictive of the presence of complicating CCC, such patients should not be excluded from liver transplantation.     

Asymptomatic gastric tuberculosis in the gastric body mimicking an isolated microscopic erosion: A rare case report

Introduction:Gastric tuberculosis is rarely seen in clinical practice, which occurs mostly secondary to lung tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis, and other common tuberculosis. Gastric tuberculosis rarely presents as a single microscopic superficial erosion. We recently diagnosed such a case, hence reporting it herein.Patient concerns:A 40-year-old female patient was admitted with a chief complaint of painful enlarged cervical lymph nodes. She had no other symptoms or any previous history of remarkable diseases.Diagnosis:Physical examination found multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Computer tomography revealed multiple circular well-defined soft tissue masses in the bilateral carotid sheath spaces. A cervical lymph node biopsy showed caseous necrosis with infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and most importantly, mycobacteria through staining for acid fast bacilli. Routine gastroscopy showed a 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm well-defined erosion on the large curvature of the gastric body. Gastric biopsy revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with mycobacteria through staining for acid fast bacilli. The patient was diagnosed as having cervical lymph node tuberculosis and gastric tuberculosis.Interventions and outcomes:She received 6 months of standard anti-tuberculosis therapy. The enlarged cervical lymph nodes shrank in size and the pain was relieved.Conclusions:Gastroscopy should be performed to look for gastric tuberculosis if the patient presents primary tuberculosis in other organs/tissues such as cervical lymph nodes. If any small erosion is found, a biopsy is justified for checking the possibility of gastric tuberculosis.     

Laparoscopy in the complex diagnosis abdominal and genital tuberculosis]

Laparoscopy may detect pathognomonic signs of rashes on the visceral peritoneum, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, a profound commissural process in the small pelvis and Douglas space to identify abdominal and genital tuberculosis. The examinees were also found to have a prior tuberculosis of other sites or a contact with bacillary patients. Laparoscopy shows a 19.7% increases in the diagnostic potentialities by morphologically verifying the diagnosis based on biopsy specimens.     

Intestinal Behçet's disease associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

A 45-year-old man with intestinal Behçet's disease noticed an enlarged right cervical lymph node, and was diagnosed with diffuse large cell type, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The intrapelvic lymph tract was markedly deformed because of recurrent ileocecal ulceration, and conventional lymphoscintigraphy with a common tracer did not abolish the suspicion that lymphoma cells may have invaded the lymph nodes. Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy with a new tracer,^99mtechnetium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-human serum albumin, because of its high detection sensitivity, was very useful for excluding this suspicion, and for determining the clinical stage of lymphoma. Combination induction chemotherapy led to complete remission without any adverse effects, but subsequent supportive therapy with same protocol could not be completed because of progression of the intestinal lesions. Special management for the intestinal lesions, such as bowel rest, may be essential with chemotherapy for patients with intestinal Behçet's disease.     

Perianal abscess in Crohn's disease

PURPOSE: Perianal disease is frequent in patients with Crohn's disease, and many of these patients will eventually have abscess formation. In a prospective follow-up study, we evaluated factors influencing the occurrence and recurrence of perianal abscesses. METHODS: Of 126 consecutive patients with perianal Crohn's disease seen regularly in an outpatient clinic, 61 (48.4 percent) had at least one perianal abscess (mean follow-up, 32±17 months). In all, 110 episodes of an abscess with 145 anatomically distinct abscesses were documented. RESULTS: The occurrence of first abscesses was dependent on the type of anal fistula (ischiorectal, 73 percent; transsphincteric, 50 percent; superficial, 25 percent;P < 0.02). Surgical therapy consisted of seton drainage (34 percent), mushroom catheter drainage (49 percent), or incision and drainage (29 percent) and led to inactivation in all patients. Cumulative two-year recurrence rates after the first and second abscess were 54 and 62 percent, respectively. Abscess recurrence was less frequent in patients with a stoma (13 vs. 60 percent in patients without stoma after two years) and in patients with superficial anal fistulas (0 vs. 55 percent/56 percent in patients with transsphincteric/ischiorectal fistulas). Only two abscesses recurred within one year after removal of seton drainage, whereas 13 abscesses recurred with the seton still in place. Neither intestinal nor rectal activity of Crohn's disease significantly influenced the occurrence of an abscess. During the study period, only two patients developed partial stool incontinence. CONCLUSION: Development of perianal abscesses in Crohn's disease depends on the fecal stream and the anatomic type of anal fistula. Seton and catheter drainage are safe and highly effective in treatment. Long-term use of setons to prevent recurrent abscesses is not supported by our data.     

56例结核性腹膜炎患者CT影像分析

目的 探讨结核性腹膜炎（TBP）特征性CT影像表现及治疗中影像动态变化的特点。方法 回顾性分析56例临床及病理确诊的TBP患者,观察分析CT影像特征,包括腹腔积液、腹膜（壁腹膜、肝包膜、大网膜及肠系膜）及腹腔淋巴结。56例均行CT平扫+增强扫描。治疗过程中收集动态复查CT影像。结果 腹腔积液45例,大量1例,中少量44例,限制性38例,CT值>20 HU者34例。壁腹膜增厚46例,肝脏边缘部腹膜均有受累,均匀增厚17例,扁丘状凸起或腹膜结核瘤29例,增强扫描结核瘤边缘强化,肝包膜或肝脏受累15例;网膜增厚35例,结节及斑片34例,网膜饼1例,增强扫描网膜饼呈轻度不均匀强化;肠系膜增厚41例,表现为斑片、结节及线状、星芒状条索状高密度影,与肠袢粘连,增强扫描肠系膜血管包埋其内,走形扭曲。腹腔及腹膜后淋巴结增大19例,伴钙化5例,簇集状排列,增强扫描环状或蜂窝状强化。17例完整的动态CT图像,腹腔积液吸收最快,网膜及肠系膜病变吸收稍慢,腹膜结核瘤缩小速度最慢。结论 TBP的CT诊断为多种征象的综合,中少量腹腔积液伴壁腹膜、网膜及肠系膜的增厚粘连是最为常见的影像表现;CT影像动态变化对临床评价疗效具有重要意义。     

艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核11例临床分析

目的 探讨艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析深圳市第三人民医院1999年9月至2008年12月收治的158例艾滋病合并结核病患者,其中诊断为艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核11例(男7例,女4例);除1例8岁儿童外,其余10例年龄22～55岁.结果 艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核患者约占艾滋病合并结核病患者的7%,其中8例CD_4~+＜50×10~6/L,3例CD_4~+为(50～100)×10~6/L;临床表现以发热(11/11)、腹痛(11/11)、腹胀(11/11)、盗汗(7/11)、消瘦(10/11)、腹泻(7/11)、贫血(5/11)、腹部包块(3/11)和腹腔积液(1/11)为特点;腹部B型超声扫描示多个肠系膜淋巴结肿大,腹部CT增强扫描示典型环状强化;2例行肠系膜淋巴结组织活检,病理结果均可见结核结节、干酪样坏死物和朗汉斯巨细胞,抗酸染色均为抗酸杆菌阳性.11例均给予抗结核治疗6个月及抗病毒治疗5个月,病灶吸收和消失.结论 艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核的临床表现无特异性,CD_4~+＜50×10~6/L、腹部CT增强扫描出现典型环状强化为其特征性表现.     

Contrast‐enhanced power Doppler of the intestinal wall in the evaluation of patients with Crohn disease

Background: Crohn disease (CD) manifests with highly variable signs and symptoms, and assessment of the status of the disease in the single patient can be difficult. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of power colour Doppler ultrasonography, with and without echo‐enhancement, in distinguishing active from quiescent CD. Methods: Resistance Index (RI) of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), bowel thickness of the affected loops and the presence of colour signals at power Doppler analysis prior to and after ultrasonography contrast agent injection (Levovist®) were evaluated in 48 patients with CD. Results: In our series, 26/48 patients had active and 22/48 had quiescent CD. A CDAI score ≥150 and a pathological (>5?mg/dL) C reactive protein were significantly correlated with active disease (P?P?=?0.004, respectively). Intestinal wall thickness showed no significant correlation with disease status (7.5?±?1.3?mm in active disease versus 6.8?±?1.3?mm in quiescent disease; P?=?0.11). Vascular signals in the affected loops were revealed in 11/22 patients (50%) with active disease and in 5/26 (20%) with quiescent disease (P?=?0.052). After Levovist injection, colour signals were found in 22/22 with active and in 8/26 with quiescent CD (P?P?=?0.001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that in patients with CD a finding of a SMA RI?≤?0.81, or the presence of a colour signal in the wall of the affected loops, at power Doppler sonography, is indicative of active disease. Utilization of echo‐enhancer media can greatly improve the diagnostic sensitivity of intestinal wall power Doppler scan. A finding of intestinal wall thickening is not associated with active disease in our series.     

Comparative study of intestinal tuberculosis and primary small intestinal lymphoma

AIM:To characterize the clinical,radiological,endoscopic and pathological features of intestinal tuberculosis(ITB)and primary small intestinal lymphoma(PSIL).METHODS:This was a retrospective study from February 2005 to October 2012 of patients with a diagnosis of ITB(n=41)or PSIL(n=37).All patients with ITB or PSIL underwent computed tomography(CT)and pathological examination.Thirty-five patients with ITB and 32 patients with PSIL underwent endoscopy.These patients were followed for a further 18 mo to ascertain that the diagnosis had not changed.Clinical,endoscopic,CT and pathological features were compared between ITB and PSIL patients.RESULTS:Night sweating,fever,pulmonary TB and ascites were discovered significantly more often in ITB than in PSIL patients(P<0.05),however,abdominal mass,hematochezia and intestinal perforation were found significantly more frequently in PSIL than in ITB patients(P<0.05).Ring-like and rodent-like ulcers occurred significantly more often in ITB than in PSIL patients(P<0.05),however,enterorrhagia and raised lesions were significantly more frequent in PSIL than in ITB patients(P<0.05).The rate of granuloma was significantly higher in ITB than in PSIL patients(87.8%vs 13.5%,χ2=43.050,P<0.05),and the incidence of confluent granulomas with caseous necrosis was significantly higher in ITB than in PSIL patients(47.2%vs0.0%,χ2=4.034,P<0.05).Multi-segmental lesions,mural stratification,mural gas sign,and intestinal stricture were more frequent in ITB than in PSIL patients(P<0.05),however,a single-layer thickening of bowel wall,single segmental lesions,and intussusception were more common in PSIL than in ITB patients(P<0.05).Necrotic lymph nodes,comb sign and inflammatory mass were more frequent in ITB than in PSIL patients(P<0.05).The bowel wall enhancement in ITB patients was greater than that in PSIL patients(P<0.05),while the thickening and lymph node enlargement in PSIL patients were higher than those in ITB patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Combined evaluation of clinical,radiological,endoscopic and pathological features is the key to differentiation between ITB and PSIL.