Association Between Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Peripheral Bacterial DNA in Cirrhotic Patients

Background  

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is regarded as the major risk factor of bacterial translocation. Few studies have investigated the direct relation between SIBO and translocation in cirrhotic patients. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between SIBO and bacterial DNA in the peripheral blood of patients with cirrhosis.     

Small-Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis,Diagnosed with Glucose H2 or CH4 Breath Tests

Background: Small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been considered a predisposing factor of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients by bacterial translocation or hematogenous spread during spontaneous bacteremia. We investigated 45 cirrhotic patients and 28 healthy subjects to assess the prevalence of SIBO and its relationship with the severity of liver dysfunction and the presence of ascites. Methods: Bacterial overgrowth was measured by the glucose hydrogen and methane breath test. Results: SIBO was documented in 16 (35.6%) of the 45 cirrhotic patients and in 1 (3.6%) of the 28 healthy controls. The prevalence of SIBO was significantly higher in patients with Child-Pugh class B or C (50%) than in those with class A (19%) and had no relationship with the presence or absence of ascites. Conclusions: We conclude that the prevalence of SIBO in cirrhotic patients is approximately 35.6% and that it is related to the severity of liver disease. There was no difference among various causes of cirrhosis, such as viral, alcoholic, or idiopathic.     

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth versus antimicrobial capacity in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious infection in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Both defects in the host defense mechanisms and the enhancement of the offensive factor (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)) may contribute to the development of SBP. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SIBO versus various antimicrobial capacities in the pathogenesis of SBP in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: Forty-five cirrhotic patients were enrolled in this study. Bacterial overgrowth was evaluated by breath hydrogen test (BH2T). The hepatic reticuloendothelial system phagocytic index (HRESPI) was measured by intravenously injected colloid suspensions. RESULTS: The Child-Pugh scores in the SBP group were higher than in the non-SBP group (10.5 +/- 2.0 versus 8.0 +/- 1.8, P < 0.01). The ascitic protein concentration was significantly lower in the SBP group than in the non-SBP group (897 +/- 425 mg/l versus 1,325 +/- 453 mg/l, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the serum C3 concentration was lower in the SBP group than in the non-SBP group (43.1 +/- 13.6 ng/dl versus 73.2 +/- 26.4 ng/dl, P < 0.01). The serum C4 concentration was also lower in the SBP group than in the non-SBP group (12.4 +/- 4.0 ng/dl versus 16.9 +/- 6.6 ng/dl, P < 0.05). The incidence of SIBO was higher in the SBP group than in the non-SBP group (68.2% versus 17.4%, P < 0.01). HRESPI values were significantly higher in the two groups of cirrhotic patients than in the normal reference. However, there were no statistical differences in HRESPI between the two groups (8.4 +/- 2.8 min in the SBP group versus 7.9 +/- 2.8 min in the non-SBP group). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the hepatic reticuloendothelial function is impaired in cirrhotic patients, but the degree of impairment does not differ between patients with and without previous history of SBP. Lower ascitic total protein, lower serum C3 and C4 concentrations, and presence of SIBO are all risk factors for SBP. Based on the results of our study, defects in the host defense mechanisms and the enhancement of the offensive factor (SIBO) may act in concert for the development of SBP.     

小肠细菌过度生长与肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎

目的探讨小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)与肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎(SBP)之间的关系,方法对80例肝硬化患者的SIDO和并发SBP情况进行分析,并与健康对照组进行比较。结果 80例肝硬化患者中27例SIBO阳性,阳性率33.75%(27/80),按Child-Pugh分级分组,分为A级、B级、C级三组,其SIBO阳性率分别为14.8%(4/27)、29.6%(8/27)、57.7%(15/26),各组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。健康对照组25例SIBO全为阴性,与肝硬化组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。58例肝硬化并发SBP患者中有25例SIBO阳性,阳性率为43.1%;22例未并发SBP患者2例存在SIBO阳性,阳性率为9.1%,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。肝硬化并发SBP且SIBO阳性的25例患者,经2周治疗后有20例SIBO转阴,其中并发SBP的有2例,而在治疗后SIBO仍然阳性的5例患者中,并发SBP者有4例。结论肝硬化患者SIBO发生率高,并且随着肝功能损害程度的加重,SIBO发生率也随之增加,肝硬化伴SBP者SIBO发生率增加尤为显著。治疗SIBO能显著减少SBP的发生率。     

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Lactose Intolerance Contribute to Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptomatology in Pakistan

Background /Aim:

The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome resemble those of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SIBO and lactose intolerance (LI) occurrence in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) according to Rome III criteria.

Patients and Methods:

In this retrospective case-control study, patients over 18 years of age with altered bowel habit, bloating, and patients who had lactose Hydrogen breath test (H₂BT) done were included. The “cases” were defined as patients who fulfill Rome III criteria for IBS-D, while “controls” were those having chronic nonspecific diarrhea (CNSD) who did not fulfill Rome III criteria for IBS-D. Demographic data, predominant bowel habit pattern, concurrent use of medications, etc., were noted.

Results:

Patients with IBS-D were 119 (51%) with a mean age of 35 ± 13 years, while those with CNSD were 115 (49%) with mean age 36 ± 15 years. Patients in both IBS-D and CNSD were comparable in gender, with male 87 (74%) and female 77 (64%). SIBO was documented by lactose H₂BT in 32/234 (14%) cases. It was positive in 22/119 (19%) cases with IBS-D, while 10/115 (9%) cases had CNSD (P = 0.03). LI was positive in 43/234 (18%) cases. Of these, 25/119 (21%) cases had IBS-D and 18/115 (16%) cases had CNSD (P = 0.29).

Conclusion:

SIBO was seen in a significant number of our patients with IBS-D. There was no significant age or gender difference in patients with or without SIBO.     

Serum Unconjugated Bile Acids as a Test for Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Dogs

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has a high incidence in dogs and, as in humans, is difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic significance of serum unconjugated bile acid concentrations in dogs with bacterial overgrowth. Fasting sera were obtained from 23 dogs: 10 with culture-proven SIBO, 8 with indirectly diagnosed SIBO (normal pancreatic function but small intestinal disease associated with subnormal serum cobalamin and supranormal folate concentrations), and 5 healthy controls. Unconjugated bile acids were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after isolation by liquid–solid extraction and anion-exchange chromatography. Mean serum unconjugated bile acid concentrations were significantly elevated in dogs with SIBO (mean ± sd: 0.91 ± 1.03 mol/liter), and in dogs with indirectly diagnosed SIBO (2.11 ± 2.20 mol/liter) compared to clinically healthy dogs (0.015 ± 0.015 mol/liter, P < 0.005). Cholic acid was the predominant unconjugated bile acid in the serum of dogs with SIBO. In conclusion serum unconjugated bile acid concentrations of healthy dogs are significantly lower than reported values for humans, and this fraction represents a relatively small proportion (0–2.3%; mean 0.8%) of the total bile acids in dogs. Unconjugated bile acids increased 10- to 20-fold in dogs with SIBO indicating the clinical utility of serum unconjugated bile acids for diagnosis of intestinal bacterial overgrowth in dogs.     

Frequency and Factors Associated with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver and Extra Hepatic Portal Venous Obstruction

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a common complication of cirrhosis of liver, might result from translocation of bacteria from the small bowel. However, there is scanty data on frequency of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. There are no data on SIBO in patients with extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) in the literature. A total of 174 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, 28 with EHPVO and 51 healthy controls were studied for SIBO using glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT). Persistent rise in breath hydrogen 12 ppm above basal (at least two readings) was considered diagnostic of SIBO. Of 174 patients (age 47.2 ± 11.9 years, 80.5% male) with cirrhosis due to various causes, 67 (38.5%) were in Child’s class A, 70 (40.2%) class B and 37 (21.7%) class C. Of the 174 patients with cirrhosis, 42 (24.14%) had SIBO as compared to 1 of 51 (1.9%) healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Patients with EHPVO had similar frequency of SIBO compared to healthy controls [2/28 (7.14%) vs 1/51 (1.97%), P = ns]. Frequency of SIBO in Child’s A, B and C was comparable [13 (18.6%) vs 16 (23.9%) and 13 (35.1%), respectively; P = ns]. Presence of SIBO were not related to ascites, etiology of cirrhosis, and degree of liver dysfunction. SIBO is common in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Patients with EHPVO do not have higher frequency of SIBO than healthy subjects. SIBO in cirrhosis is not related to the degree of derangement in liver function or of portal hypertension.     

Small Intestinal Clustered Contractions and Bacterial Overgrowth: A Frequent Finding in Obese Patients

Background  

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been observed in several disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown abnormalities of motor function in obese patients, and there is indirect evidence suggesting that SIBO is present in them.     

Association between acid suppressive therapy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites

Abstract

Objective. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) therapy may cause intestinal bacterial overgrowth and translocation. Therefore, acid suppressive therapy may increase the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Material and methods. A total of 176 cirrhotic patients with ascites who underwent diagnostic paracentesis between September 2004 and April 2009 were included in the analysis. Patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and/or antibiotic therapy within 2 weeks prior to hospital admission were excluded. SBP was defined as ≥250/mm³ polymorphonuclear white blood cells with or without a positive culture from the ascitic fluid. Eighty-three patients (mean age 56.1 years, 63 males) had SBP and 93 (mean age 54.7 years, 75 males) did not. Results. On the multivariate analysis, a Child–Pugh class C (OR = 2.890, 95% CI 1.443–5.786; p = 0.003), high MELD scores (≥20, OR = 3.540, 95% CI 1.155–10.849; p = 0.027), and PPI use (OR = 3.443, 95% CI 1.164–10.188; p = 0.025) were risk factors for SBP. H2RA was not associated with SBP. Conclusions. PPI use, as well as Child–Pugh class C and high MELD scores, was an independent risk factor for the development of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify this issue.     

Serum Pepsinogen and Gastrin Levels: Reliable Markers to Predict Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

BackgroundSerum pepsinogen, a useful indicator of gastric acidity, could reflect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and profiles including pepsinogen or gastrin.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study with 62 patients with a functional gastrointestinal disorder. All patients underwent glucose breath test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, immediately followed by upper endoscopy to survey gastric injury and Campylobacter-like organism test for Helicobacter pylori and serum laboratory tests including gastrin, pepsinogen I and II.ResultsThe positivity to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was 17.7%. Significantly, low total hydrogen concentration during a glucose breath test, low prevalence for gastric injury, and high H. pylori positivity rate were shown in groups with pepsinogen I/II ratio ≤ 3.5 compared to those with pepsinogen I/II ratio > 3.5 or in groups with serum gastrin > 35.4 pg/mL comparing to those with serum ≤ 35.4 pg/mL, respectively. A high gastrin level was independently associated with H. pylori infection. A proportionally correlated tendency between pepsinogen I/II ratio and total hydrogen concentration was shown, whereas that of inverse proportion between H₂ and gastrin was observed. Old age was solely independent predicting factor for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (P = .03) in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionOld age was significantly related to the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in functional gastrointestinal disorder patients. Although pepsinogen and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth seem irrelevant, elevated gastrin level may cautiously indicate a decreased breath hydrogen concentration. Further studies should consider the function of intestinal motility and gastric acidity in patients with hydrogen-producing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.     

肝硬化患者小肠细菌过度生长与轻微肝性脑病的相关性研究

目的探讨肝硬化患者小肠细菌过度生长与轻微肝性脑病(MHE)的相关性。方法60例肝硬化患者(肝硬化组)及20名健康志愿者(对照组)全部接受葡萄糖氢呼气试验检测小肠细菌过度生长情况,进行数字连接试验(NCT-A及NCT-BC)和数字符号试验诊断MHE。抗生素抑制小肠细菌过度生长后再进行以上试验,对比治疗前后观察指标的变化。结果对照组检出1例患者(5%)伴小肠细菌过度生长,未检出MHE。肝硬化组共检出20例(33.3%)患者伴小肠细菌过度生长,MHE 26例(43.3%),其中伴小肠细菌过度生长肝硬化患者MHE检出17例,不伴小肠细菌过度生长患者MHE检出9例。应用抗生素抑制小肠细菌过度生长1周后20例小肠细菌过度生长患者有18例葡萄糖氢呼气试验阴性,17例伴小肠细菌过度生长的MHE患者13例数字连接试验和数字符号试验正常。肝硬化患者小肠细菌过度生长与MHE存在相关性,相关系数为0.511(P<0.005)。结论部分肝硬化患者存在小肠细菌过度生长,伴小肠细菌过度生长肝硬化患者的MHE检出率高于不伴小肠细菌过度生长肝硬化患者,应用抗生素抑制小肠细菌过度生长后MHE检出率明显下降,肝硬化患者小肠细菌过度生长与MHE有相关性。     

Methane production and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children living in a slum

AIM:To analyze small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in school-aged children and the relationship between hydrogen and methane production in breath tests.METHODS:This transversal study included 85 children residing in a slum and 43 children from a private school,all aged between 6 and 10 years,in Osasco,Brazil.For characterization of the groups,data regarding the socioeconomic status and basic housing sanitary conditions were collected.Anthropometric data was obtained in children from both groups.All children completed the hydrogen(H 2) and methane(CH 4) breath test in order to assess small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO).SIBO was diagnosed when there was an increase in H 2 ≥ 20 ppm or CH 4 ≥ 10 ppm with regard to the fasting value until 60 min after lactulose ingestion.RESULTS:Children from the slum group had worse living conditions and lower nutritional indices than children from the private school.SIBO was found in 30.9%(26/84) of the children from the slum group and in 2.4%(1/41) from the private school group(P = 0.0007).Greater hydrogen production in the small intestine was observed in children from the slum group when compared to children from the private school(P = 0.007).A higher concentration of hydrogen in the small intestine(P 0.001) and in the colon(P 0.001) was observed among the children from the slum group with SIBO when compared to children from the slum group without SIBO.Methane production was observed in 63.1%(53/84) of the children from the slum group and in 19.5%(8/41) of the children from the private school group(P 0.0001).Methane production was observed in 38/58(65.5%) of the children without SIBO and in 15/26(57.7%) of the children with SIBO from the slum.Colonic production of hydrogen was lower in methaneproducing children(P = 0.017).CONCLUSION:Children who live in inadequate environmental conditions are at risk of bacterial overgrowth and methane production.Hydrogen is a substrate for methane production in the colon.     

Sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado en pacientes con lesión medular

AimSpinal cord injury (SCI) patients may have intestinal dysmotility and digestive symptoms that are associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of SIBO in SCI patients and the risk factors of its development.MethodsTwenty-nine consecutive SCI patients were studied (10 women/19 men; mean age 47 years), 16 with subacute injuries (<9 months) and 13 with chronic injuries (>1 year). Nine patients were affected by tetraplegia and 15 by paraplegia. Each patient underwent a glucose breath test according to the North American Consensus and the presence of abdominal symptoms was evaluated during the test.The results were compared with 15 non-neurological patients with SIBO.ResultsSix patients tested positive for SIBO (21%), all of them affected by SCI in the subacute phase, 6/16 vs. 0/13 in the chronic phase (P<.05) and the majority with tetraplegia, 5/9 vs. 1/19 with paraplegia (P<.05). No statistically significant relationship was found with other clinical characteristics. All the tests were positive for methane or mixed (methane and hydrogen), while only 67% of the controls had methane-predominant production (P>.05).ConclusionSCI patients can develop SIBO, more frequently in the subacute phase and in tetraplegic patients, highlighting a high production of methane. This complication should be considered in neurogenic bowel management.     

Early hydrogen excretion peaks during breath tests. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or accelerated transit?

BackgroundSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been reported with varying prevalence, depending upon the criteria used for diagnosis. Lactulose and glucose breath tests are the most used in clinical settings. Early rises of hydrogen excretion during a lactose breath test suggest SIBO, but the finding could result from accelerated mouth-to-caecum transit time.AimsDefining the prevalence of early hydrogen peaks during lactose breath tests and assessing the proportion of patients affected by SIBO.MethodsAn early (≤ 60′) hydrogen excretion peak was observed in 120/663 patients with positive lactose hydrogen breath test. Eighty-one of them underwent a 50 g-9sample-glucose hydrogen breath test to diagnose SIBO.ResultsThe glucose breath test proved positive in 11/81 (13.6%) patients. The positivity rate was 18.2% (2/11) in those with the first peak detected at 30′ and 12.8% (9/70) in those with the peak occurring at 60′.ConclusionsEarly hydrogen excretion peaks are rarely associated with SIBO. The low positive predictive value indicates that the finding does not help identifying patients at high risk for this condition. Indirectly, the present data support the opinion that the prevalence of SIBO diagnosed by standard lactulose breath tests is much lower than reported, and the reliability of the test is low.     

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: are there any predictors?

Background  

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition in which excessive levels of bacteria, mainly the colonic-type species are present in the small intestine. Recent data suggest that SIBO may contribute to the pathophysiology of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to identify potential predictors of SIBO in patients with IBS.     

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Orocecal Transit Time in Patients of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). These two conditions share many common features—diarrhea, bloody stools, weight loss, abdominal pain, fever and fatigue. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is frequent in patients with CD but it has not been studied in UC Indian patients.

Aim

The study was planned to measure orocecal transit time (OCTT) and SIBO in UC and CD patients.

Methods

One hundred thirty-seven patients of IBD (95 UC and 42 CD) and 115 healthy controls were enrolled. OCTT and SIBO were measured by lactulose and glucose hydrogen breath test respectively. Concentration of hydrogen and methane were measured by SC microlyser from Quintron, USA.

Results

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of OCTT in patients of IBD was significantly higher as compared to controls. Furthermore, OCTT was significantly higher in CD patients as compared to UC patients. It was also observed that occurrence of SIBO was significantly higher in IBD patients as compared to controls. The occurrence of SIBO in CD (45.2 %) was significantly higher as compared to patients in UC (17.8 %) group. Percentage of methane positive IBD patients (2.9 %) was significantly lower as compared to methane positive controls (24.4 %).

Conclusion

OCTT was significantly delayed in IBD patients as compared to controls and in CD patients as compared to UC patients. OCTT was significantly higher in SIBO positive IBD patients as compared to SIBO negative patients. Thus, we can suggest that delayed OCTT would have been the cause of increased SIBO in these patients.     

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis and Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Purpose Interstitial cystitis (IC) often coexists with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS may be explained by small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), which increases immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity. This prospective pilot study tested hypotheses that IC patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have SIBO, that nonabsorbable antibiotic use improves symptoms, and that improvement is sustained by prokinetic therapy. Methods Consecutive IC patients with GI symptoms had lactulose breath testing (LBT). Those with abnormal results received rifaximin 1,200–1,800 mg/day for 10 days then tegaserod 3 mg/nightly. Questionnaires addressed IC and GI global improvement. Results Of 21 patients, 17 (81%) had abnormal LBTs. Of 15 patients treated, GI global improvement was moderate to great in 11 (73%) and sustained in ten (67%). IC global improvement was moderate to great in six (40%) and sustained in seven (47%). Conclusions A majority of IC patients and GI symptoms had an abnormal LBT suggesting SIBO. Rifaximin improved symptoms, which was sustained by tegaserod.     

Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Response to Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Therapy

Background Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and fibromyalgia. Since restless legs syndrome (RLS) occurs with fibromyalgia, a link between IBS, SIBO, and RLS was studied. Methods BS patients with abnormal lactulose breath tests received rifaximin 1,200 mg day⁻¹ for 10 days, followed by tegaserod 3 mg, long-term, and 1 month of zinc 220 mg day⁻¹ and once-daily probiotic (N = 11) or rifaximin monotherapy (N = 2). IBS symptom improvement was assessed after rifaximin. RLS symptoms, IBS symptoms, and overall IBS global improvement were assessed at last posttreatment visit: 8/10 patients were followed long-term (mean, 139 days; range, 54–450 days). Results Ten of 13 patients exhibited ≥80% improvement from baseline in RLS symptoms. Five maintained complete resolution of RLS symptoms. Global gastrointestinal symptom improvement was great (n = 6), moderate (n = 5), or mild (n = 2). Conclusion This study suggests that SIBO associated with IBS may be a factor in some RLS patients and SIBO therapy provides long-term RLS improvement.     

Lower frequency of MMC is found in IBS subjects with abnormal lactulose breath test,suggesting bacterial overgrowth

We have recently described an association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and abnormal lactulose breath test, suggesting small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). However, the mechanism by which SIBO develops in IBS is unknown. In this case–control study we evaluate the role of small intestinal motility in subjects with IBS and SIBO. Small intestinal motility was studied in consecutive IBS subjects with SIBO on lactulose breath test. After fluoroscopic placement of an eight-channel water-perfused manometry catheter, 4-hr fasting recordings were obtained. Based on this, the number and duration of phase III was compared to 30 control subjects. To test whether there was a relationship between the motility abnormalities seen and the SIBO status of the patient at the time of the motility, subjects with a breath test within 5 days of the antroduodenal manometry were also compared. Sixty-eight subjects with IBS and SIBO were compared to controls. The number of phase III events was 0.7 ± 0.8 in IBS subjects and 2.2 ± 1.0 in controls (P < 0.000001). The duration of phase III was 305 ± 123 sec in IBS subjects and 428 ± 173 in controls (P < 0.001). Subjects whose SIBO was still present at the time of manometry had less frequent phase III events than subjects with eradicated overgrowth (P < 0.05). In conclusion, phase III is reduced in subjects with IBS and SIBO. Eradication of bacterial overgrowth seems to result in some normalization of motility.     

小肠细菌过度生长相关性轻微肝性脑病患者的血浆内毒素水平

目的观察肝硬化患者小肠细菌过度生长相关性轻微肝性脑病患者的内毒素水平,探讨内毒素与轻微肝性脑病的关系。方法对90例肝硬化患者及20例健康志愿者进行内毒素水平、葡萄糖氢呼气试验（GHBT）、数字连接试验（NCT—A和NCT—BC）和数字符号试验（DST）检测,观察小肠细菌过度乍长相关性轻微肝性脑病患者的内毒素水平变化。结果肝硬化组小肠细菌过度生长（36．7％,33／90）明显高于健康对照组（5％,1／20）。20名健康志愿者未检出轻微肝性脑病（MHE）;90例肝硬化患者轻微肝性脑病37例（41．1％）,其中伴小肠细菌过度生长肝硬化患者轻微肝性脑病发生率高于不伴小肠细菌过度生长患者。肝硬化组内毒素水平（69．6±21．3）pg／mL高于健康对照组（18．7±8．6）pg／mL;肝硬化小肠细菌过度生长组内毒素水平（89．5±17．6）pg／mL高于无小肠细菌过度生长组（57．3±15．8）pg／mL（P〈0．05）。应用抗生素抑制小肠细菌过度生长及乳果糖治疗1周后GHBT、内毒素水平、NCT—A、NCT-BC及DST检查结果改善。结论内毒素与伴小肠细菌过度生长的轻微肝性脑病的发生及进展可能有一定的关系。