全覆膜可回收支架在常见食管狭窄病变中的临床应用

【目的】探讨全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变的方法及疗效。【方法】采用全覆膜可回收支架（个性化设计）治疗食管狭窄病变107例,其中食管恶性肿瘤59例,食管恶性肿瘤合并瘘2例,食管癌术后恶性狭窄1例,食管癌术后吻合口良性狭窄12例,镍钛记忆合金支架后上端组织增生致狭窄1例,食管癌术后吻合口狭窄并瘘11例,贲门失弛缓症11例,化学性食管狭窄6例,放疗术后致食管狭窄3例,食管间质瘤致食管狭窄1例。吞咽困难症状按Stooler分级术前、术后30d评分。【结果】所有的食管狭窄病变支架置入后均能顺利恢复进食,生活质量明显提高,吞咽困难症状按Stooler分级评分术后总有效率为95．3％。【结论】全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变具有疗效好、创伤小、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广运用。     

全覆膜可取出支架在食管良恶性狭窄中的应用

[目的]探讨全覆膜可取出个体化设计支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的方法及疗效.[方法]采用国产全覆膜可取出个体化设计支架治疗食管恶性肿瘤18例;食管癌术后吻合口瘘8例;化学性烧伤3例;贲门失弛缓2例;医源性食管穿孔3例;食管癌术后吻合口非肿瘤复发性狭窄4例.[结果]所有的食管良恶性狭窄支架置入后均能顺利恢复进食.18例食管恶性肿瘤患者中没有出现术后再狭窄;8例食管癌术后吻合口瘘患者堵瘘均成功;3例医源性食管穿孔堵瘘成功,术后3个月取出支架,避免了外科手术治疗.[结论]个体化设计全覆膜可取出支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄疾病具有疗效确切,应用范围广,后续问题少的优点.但其是否存在食管黏膜组织增生,以及增生所致再狭窄的时间;如何更有效地防止支架脱落移位,良性狭窄支架取出的最佳时期的确定,还有待进一步临床观察.     

可回收金属支架治疗难治性食管吻合口狭窄

目的评价可回收覆膜Z型支架治疗食管胃或空肠吻合口狭窄的安全性及其临床效果。方法食管吻合口狭窄患者26例,在X线监视下置入国产可回收Z型支架26枚,在支架置入后1~8周用胃镜或回收钩将支架取出。结果26枚支架均1次置入成功,支架置入后患者吞咽障碍均明显改善,能进普食,并在4~8周后成功取出。支架取出后随访13~60周(平均31周),2例患者发生再狭窄。结论可回收覆膜支架治疗难治性良性食管吻合口狭窄是一种安全、有效的方法。     

全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变的护理体会

[目的]探讨全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变的效果及护理体会.[方法]对32例食管狭窄性病变患者在胃镜直视下行狭窄扩张术及食管支架置入术,观察吞咽困难改善的程度及术后并发症的出现及处理措施.[结果]支架置入后吞咽困难症状均明显缓解,总有效率达100%,术后出现食物嵌顿2例,胸痛3例,支架移位、脱落3例,没有出现消化道大出血,穿孔等严重并发症.[结论]此法操作简便,创伤小,医、护、患三者良好配合能获得满意的临床治疗效果.     

儿童难治性食管狭窄应用全覆膜支架治疗的并发症及处理对策

目的探讨应用镍钛合金全覆膜食管支架治疗儿童难治性食管狭窄的并发症及处理对策。方法回顾性分析2009年5月-2016年12月于该院应用镍钛合金网格编织型的覆膜支架治疗9例难治性食管狭窄患儿的临床资料,支架置入术后定期随访,观察患儿支架置入后的效果及并发症等。结果 9例患儿均成功行支架置入术,所有患儿置入后狭窄梗阻症状均得到明显缓解;术后1~7 d所有患儿均有呕吐及不同程度的胸痛症状;1例患儿置入后因哭闹不安不能忍受于术后36 h取出支架;2例于支架取出3个月后出现再狭窄,其中1例并发肉芽组织增生;1例食管穿孔患儿支架置入术1周出现支架移位贴壁不良,原支架取出后重置新支架,2个月后再行支架取出,瘘口愈合。结论镍钛合金全覆膜金属支架治疗儿童难治性良性食管狭窄安全有效,但与支架置入相关的并发症不容忽视,支架个体化设计与并发症的及时处理对提高临床疗效至关重要。     

可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄的护理

目的探讨可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄的观察与护理。方法对10例可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄患者术前心理护理、做好术前准备、术后严密观察病情变化、饮食护理、可回收支架及并发症的护理。结果无1例护理并发症,患者恢复良好。结论可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄成功率高、并发症少、疗效显著,患者生活质量提高。术后护理特别是饮食护理具有重要的作用,能避免并发症的发生。     

可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄的护理

目的探讨可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄的观察与护理.方法对10例可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄患者术前心理护理、做好术前准备、术后严密观察病情变化、饮食护理、可回收支架及并发症的护理.结果无1例护理并发症,患者恢复良好.结论可回收支架治疗食管良性狭窄成功率高、并发症少、疗效显著,患者生活质量提高.术后护理特别是饮食护理具有重要的作用,能避免并发症的发生.     

食管狭窄球囊扩张及内支架治疗的护理研究

目的：探讨食管良、恶性狭窄的球囊扩张和内支架治疗的护理方法，观察研究其并发症的护理。方法：对156例食管良、恶性狭窄患者行球囊扩张及置入内支架治疗。其中12例食管良性狭窄行单纯球囊扩张治疗，1例化学灼伤后食管自发性破裂并发纵隔脓肿及脓胸，采用可回收式记忆合金覆盖膜网状支架治疗；143例食管恶性狭窄中，134例置入了金属内支架，9例做了球囊扩张治疗。结果：食管恶性狭窄随访1-48个月，术后生存时间1-33个月，平均8.9个月。食管良性狭窄随访5-61个月，仍能进普食。结论：科学规范的护理措施提保证手术成功和支架长期通畅的关键。     

覆膜食管支架在食管穿孔40例的应用分析*

目的探讨全覆膜食管支架治疗食管穿孔的效果和安全性。方法采用全覆膜金属支架治疗医源性、肿瘤及异物所致食管穿孔40例,观察对其的治疗效果及并发症。结果所有的食管穿孔患者一次性成功置入食管支架,术后均能顺利恢复进食;食管异物临时支架植入术后4天~1个月取出支架,复查胃镜及食管造影均明确穿孔愈合;3例食管癌并穿孔患者术后吞咽梗阻感明显缓解。主要并发症为术后胸痛及支架移位,6例(15%)出现支架移位,2例(5%)食管癌患者出现食物梗阻并支架移位。结论全覆膜金属支架治疗食管穿孔,具有疗效确切,并发症少,安全有效等优点。     

覆膜内支架置放术治疗食管狭窄临床疗效探讨

目的探讨覆膜内支架置放术治疗食管狭窄的临床意义及术后效果。方法采用美国GE公司、德国Ziehm公司生产的DSA及北京有色金属研究所生产的覆膜金属回力支架。在导丝引导下用扩张器将狭窄段扩张至1．2cm以上，将支架缓慢释放，透视下观察支架位置情况。结果本组28例食管狭窄患者，食管内支架放置全部成功。术后患者临床症状消失或改善，合并食管一支气管瘘者呛咳症状消失，患者生存质量明显提高结论食管狭窄在其他方法治疗无效的情况下，覆膜内支架置放术是最有效的治疗手段。     

Advances in esophageal stenting: the evolution of fully covered stents for malignant and benign disease

Self-expanding metal stents have become a leading palliative therapy for dysphagia resulting from esophageal, proximal gastric, and mediastinal cancers. Increasingly, fully covered self-expanding plastic stents and now fully covered metal stents have been used to treat a variety of benign esophageal conditions as well as cancer. Several stent designs are available in the United States and many more internationally. Each design has advantages and limitations. Knowledge of the indications for esophageal stenting and the common side effects associated with different designs allows physicians to choose the best stent for a given condition as well as to anticipate complications such as stent migration or restenosis. Compared with partially covered stents, newer, fully covered metal stents may promote less granulation tissue and subsequent stenosis and may be removable even after several weeks. However, the tradeoff may be more frequent migration. Interest in fully covered metal stents in place of fully covered plastic stents for use in strictures and leaks has also grown, despite the lack of a formal indication for metal stents in benign disease. Unfortunately, rigorous studies of newer stent designs are currently lacking.     

Fixation of a modified covered esophageal stent: its clinical usefulness for preventing stent migration

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Membrane-covered self-expandable metal stents are effective in preventing tumor ingrowth and stent obstruction in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer, but migration of stents continues to be a major problem. We therefore constructed a modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stent capable of being fixed using a silk thread. The stent was studied prospectively to define its palliative characteristics and whether it is effective in preventing migration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Modified covered self-expandable metal stents were placed in 17 patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer involving the esophagogastric junction, 41 patients with esophageal cancer, and three patients with tracheoesophageal fistulas. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were carried out at regular intervals. RESULTS: Placement of the stent was successful in all patients, with good symptomatic relief and no serious stent-related complications such as esophageal perforation or hemorrhage. Acute stent placement problems, such as incomplete expansion or acute angulation of the stent, were noted in four patients. However, during a mean follow-up period of 7.5 months (range 1 to 17 months), there was no stent migration. CONCLUSIONS: Modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stents of this type would be very effective in preventing stent migration, especially in patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer extending to the lower esophagus, those with short-segment esophageal cancer, and those with tracheoesophageal fistulas.     

Minimizing endoscopic complications: endoluminal stents

Almost all endoluminal stents used by gastroenterologists in the United States are self-expandable metal stents, and they are placed most commonly for relief of malignant luminal obstruction. Recently, a plastic self-expandable stent was approved for treating refractory benign esophageal strictures. Endoluminal stent placement is associated with myriad of complications. Some of these complications can be avoided or minimized by the endoscopist, whereas others are beyond the endoscopist's control. This article covers the various complications that can occur following self-expandable stent placement and provides recommendations on how to minimize these complications.     

国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金食管支架的临床应用及疗效观察

目的：探讨国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金食管支架在食管、贲门良恶性狭窄及食管瘘中的临床应用并观察疗效。方法：收集我院2005年11月～2008年8月采用胃镜辅助置人镍钛记忆合金食管支架的患者108例,其中男90例,女18例,年龄37-88岁;包括食管癌性狭窄41例,贲门癌性狭窄5例,放疗后狭窄1例,肺癌压迫致食管狭窄1例,食管、贲门癌术后吻合口顽固性狭窄21例,食管癌术后复发致狭窄6例,食管瘘33例。结果：108例患者共置人食管支架116枚,一次性置人成功率100％,置入后患者吞咽梗阻的症状有不同程度的改善,呛咳的症状基本消失。结论：食管支架置人操作简单、安全,成功率高,是治疗食管良恶性狭窄及封堵瘘口的有效方法。     

Removable fully covered self-expandable metal stents in the treatment of common bile duct strictures due to chronic pancreatitis: a case series

The aim of this study was to test the removability of fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) in patients with a benign common bile duct (CBD) stricture. A FCSEMS was inserted in six patients with a CBD stricture due to chronic pancreatitis who were considered to be unfit for surgery, and stent removal was attempted after predefined intervals of 4 and 6 months. FCSEMS were successfully placed in all patients (100 % placement success) and stent extraction was accomplished in four patients (66 % removal rate), all of whom achieved stricture resolution (66 % resolution rate). In one patient a recurrent stenosis developed after 6 months (recurrence rate 25 %). Proximal stent migration occurred in two patients. In conclusion, FCSEMS removal was possible in the majority of patients and results regarding stricture dilation were promising. Nevertheless, before FCSEMS can become an acceptable treatment option for benign CBD strictures, innovative stent design modifications are necessary and removability must be ascertained.     

Expandable stents for benign esophageal disease

Partially covered self-expandable esophageal stents have been associated with unacceptable complications when used for benign esophageal disorders. With the introduction of removable or potentially removable fully covered stents and biodegradable stents, interest in using expandable stents for benign indications has been revived. Although expandable stents can offer a minimally invasive alternative to surgery, they can be associated with serious complications; hence, this approach should be considered in carefully selected patients, preferably on a protocol basis.     

自膨式金属食管支架的临床应用

目的 :探讨自膨式食管支架 (Self-ExpandingMetalStent,SEMS)治疗吞咽困难患者的临床效果、适应症及并发症。方法 :收集我院安置的食管支架患者 32例之临床相关资料。以 5分法记录支架安置前后吞咽困难程度。并发症出现的时间以 30天为界。结果 :吞困难评分由安置前的 3 43降为安置后的 1 15 (P <0 . 0 5 )。食管 支气管瘘全部痊愈 (4例 )。 6例患者支架安置后发生了早期并发症 ;出血 (2例 )、胸骨后疼痛不适 (4例 )。 1例发生了远期并发症 :支架移位。结论 :自膨式食管支架安置能迅速、有效地改善吞咽困难 ,提高患者生活质量 ,延长生存期限。是否适用于良性食管梗阻尚有争议。严格掌握适应症及新型食管支架的问世 ,有望减少安置术后并发症     

国产TiNi合金食管支架临床应用(附108例报告)

该文应用国产(TiNi)合金支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄108例,支架在内镜和X光透视定位下置入,均一次获得成功。为食管恶性狭窄的治疗提供了一种安全有效的方法,对良性狭窄的应用尚待进一步探讨。价格约为进口同类支架的1/10,适合国情,便于临床推广应用。