广东台山市护士离职意愿与工作满意度相关性分析

目的了解临床护士离职意愿与工作满意程度现状,并探讨两者的相关性。方法选取广东台山市531名护士,运用一般情况调查表、护士工作满意度量表和离职意愿量表进行调查。结果护士工作满意度量表总均分为（3．34±0．40）分,护士离职意愿量表总均分为（14．54±1．38）分。专业发展机会、福利待遇、工作家庭平衡性与护士离职意愿呈负相关（均P〈0．05）。结论护理管理者应充分了解护士离职意愿和护士工作满意度的情况,采取积极有效的措施提高护士工作满意度,从而有效降低护士离职意愿。     

Occupational commitment and job satisfaction mediate effort–reward imbalance and the intention to continue nursing

Aim

Occupational commitment and job satisfaction are major predictors of the intention to continue nursing. This study's purpose was to verify the mediating effects of job satisfaction and three components of occupational commitment on the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and the intention to continue nursing.

Methods

A self‐report questionnaire was distributed to 3977 nurses by the nursing department of 12 hospitals in the Tohoku and Kanto districts of Japan in 2013. Of these, 1531 (response rate: 38.5%) nurses returned the questionnaire by mail and the complete data that were provided by 1241 nurses (valid response rate: 31.2%) were analyzed.

Results

Structural equation modeling showed that the effort–reward ratio had negative effects on job satisfaction and affective and normative occupational commitment. Job satisfaction and affective and normative occupational commitment had positive effects on the intention to continue nursing, whereas the effort–reward ratio had no direct effect on the intention to continue nursing. Continuance occupational commitment was not a mediator, but it positively influenced the intention to continue nursing.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that it is important to increase job satisfaction and affective and normative occupational commitment in order to enhance their buffering effects on the relationship between job stress and the intention to continue nursing. Measures to increase continuance occupational commitment also would be an effective method of strengthening the intention to continue nursing. Improvements in these areas should contribute to an increase in nurses’ intention to continue nursing and prevent the loss of this precious human resource from the health sector.

     

护士职业认同感、工作压力和满意度及离职意愿调查

目的：了解北京市护士的职业认同感、工作压力和满意度及离职意愿状况。方法：采用方便抽样法抽取北京市19家不同级别医院的1272名护士,用自行设计的护士职业认同感、工作压力和工作满意度及离职意愿问卷对其进行调查。结果：1272名护士认为目前护士的社会地位平均分为36．5±19．7分（中位数为35．0）,27．8％的护士感觉患者对护士比较尊重或非常尊重,57．2％的护士认为工作压力较大或很大,压力来源主要为职业风险高、工作强度大、社会评价不高,30．7％的护士对工作比较满意或非常满意,不满意的原因主要为收入低、职业风险高、工作强度大;35．2％的护士表示不愿意继续从事护理工作,原因主要为收入低、职业风险高和工作强度大;多元线性逐步回归显示护士职业认同的影响因素有护龄和学历,工作压力的影响因素有婚姻状况和医院级别,工作满意度的影响因素有医院级别、职称和职务;Logistic回归显示护士离职意愿的影响因素为医院级别。结论：目前北京市护士的职业认同感评分低,工作压力大,工作满意度低,离职意愿强烈;相关管理部门应采取有效措施,减轻护士工作压力,提高护士工作满意度和职业认同感,减少有离职意愿护士的数量,以稳定护士队伍,保证临床护理质量。     

The impact of quality of work life on job embeddedness and affective commitment and their co‐effect on turnover intention of nurses

Aims and objectives. To verify with empirical evidence the hypothesised relation and the effect of quality of work life, job embeddedness and affective commitment on turnover intention of clinical nurses in China. Background. High turnover of the nursing workforce in healthcare organisations is a difficult and recurring problem in China as well as in many other countries in the world. It leads to great waste of resources and increases management cost. Developing and retaining the nursing workforce, which is a major challenge faced by human resources practitioners in hospitals and public health agencies, also becomes a subject of interest for management studies. Most of the literature about voluntary turnover focused on such traditional measures as job satisfaction and job alternatives in the past. The introduction of such new concepts as quality of work life, job embeddedness and affective commitment, which views the issue from a much broader and comprehensive spectrum, made a great breakthrough in the turnover study. In this study, we selected quality of work life, job embeddedness and affective commitment – three of the most important factors in employer–employee relations – and analysed the interaction between each one of them, as well as their co‐effect on turnover intention of Chinese nurses. Methods. Cross‐sectional survey and structural equation modelling were applied in studying the self‐report questionnaires distributed to 1000 nurses employed in five large‐scale government‐owned hospitals in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. Findings. Our study confirmed the hypothesised positive relation of quality of work life with job embeddedness and affective commitment and the hypothesised negative relation of quality of work life with turnover intention, that is, high quality of work life perceived by the nurses enhances their job embeddedness and affective commitment and thus reduces their intention to leave the job. Conclusions. The effect of quality of work life is positive on job embeddedness and affection commitment and negative on turnover intention. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurse managers should pay great attention to the nurses' perception of quality of work life, and make great efforts in developing strategies and projects that can strengthen the nurses' embeddedness or connection with the job.     

长沙市临床护士工作满意度和离职意愿的相关性研究

目的了解护士工作满意度和离职意愿情况,分析工作满意度对离职意愿的影响。方法随机抽取长沙市12所医院的515名临床护士,采用问卷调查法,运用工作满意度指数量表及离职意愿量表进行调查。结果长沙市临床护士工作满意度的6个维度水平由高到低依次为：互动合作、职业地位、自主性、组织决策、工作任务和收入。临床护士的离职意愿分值为（2．58±0．32）分。工作满意度各维度与离职意愿呈负相关（P〈0．01）,收入、职业地位、工作任务和自主性4个变量联合解释离职意愿总变异量的21．10％,其中收入对离职意愿的影响最大。结论护理管理者应重视提高临床护士的工作满意度,从而避免离职意愿的产生。     

护士的职业认同在工作满意度与离职意愿间的中介作用

目的分析护士的职业认同在工作满意度与离职意愿间的中介作用。方法采用方便抽样方法选取237名临床护士,对其进行一般人口统计学的调查,并进行职业认同量表、工作满意度量表和离职意愿量表的测量。结果临床护士的工作满意度和职业认同总体水平不高,已婚和低职称临床护士的工作满意程度较低;相关分析表明,工作满意度、职业认同与离职意愿之间呈显著相关(r=0.12~0.67,P0.05或0.01)。临床护士的职业认同、工作满意度均可直接负向预测其离职意愿;工作满意度还以职业认同为中介变量,间接负向预测离职意愿。结论职业认同是工作满意度与离职意愿间的部分中介因素。就离职意愿影响因素制订干预策略,提升护士的职业认同水平和工作满意度,进而有效降低其离职意愿。     

Structural empowerment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of Chinese clinical nurses

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of workplace structural empowerment perceived by Chinese clinical nurses, as well as to identify the relationship between nurses' perceptions of empowerment and job satisfaction, and turnover intention. A total of 189 staff nurses from two hospitals in central China completed a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that these nurses perceived moderate levels of workplace empowerment. Structural empowerment and job satisfaction were found to be negatively related to turnover intention. These findings have important implications for administrators providing an effective work environment for clinical nurses.     

Revisiting the impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on nurse turnover intention: an individual differences analysis

Background

Nurse turnover is an important contributing factor to the worldwide nursing shortage. Many studies have examined the antecedents of nurse turnover to gain a better understanding of the problem and help hospitals reduce their turnover rates. However, an important shortcoming of this research stream is its exclusive focus on explaining turnover behavior of the “average nurse”, thereby disregarding individual differences between nurses and groups of nurses.

Objectives

To examine individual differences in the relationships between two crucial turnover antecedents – job satisfaction and organizational commitment – and nurse turnover intention.

Participants

A sample of 287 nurses working for a variety of Belgian hospitals participated in the study.

Methods

A survey method was used to collect quantitative data, which were analyzed through standard multiple linear regression, mixture regression models and t-tests.

Results

In the total sample of hospital nurses, both job satisfaction and organizational commitment significantly predicted nurse turnover intention. However, subsequent individual differences analyses revealed the existence of two subgroups of nurses. In the satisfaction focused group, only job satisfaction was found to predict nurse turnover intention, whereas in the satisfaction and commitment focused group both job satisfaction and organizational commitment were related to turnover intention. Furthermore, nurses in the latter group displayed stronger turnover intention, were significantly younger and had less job tenure and organizational tenure than nurses in the satisfaction focused group.

Conclusions

The debate on the antecedents of nurse turnover still continues, as the existing models fail to fully grasp nurse turnover. The present study identifies individual differences in nurse turnover antecedents among groups of nurses as a possible reason for the absence of one comprehensive turnover model that holds for the general nursing population. Further studies are needed in order to capture the total impact of the underlying individual differences in nurse turnover antecedents.