Personal characteristics,coping strategies,and resilience impact on compassion fatigue in critical care nurses: A cross‐sectional study

Compassion fatigue is known to impact the well‐being of nurses and patient safety outcomes. Currently, there is limited academic understanding of the role of demographic factors in contributing to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nurse demographic characteristics and the development of compassion fatigue, as indicated by level of burnout and compassion satisfaction in critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia. The cross‐sectional study design included administering three surveys to critical care nurses (n = 321) in four Saudi public hospitals to examine the nurse demographic variables in relation to compassion fatigue, the compassion fatigue coping strategies of nurses, and nurse resilience. The results show both demographic and workplace structural elements, such as length of work shift, education level, and nationality, were all significant factors in resilience to compassion fatigue among Saudi critical care nurses, whereas factors of age and sex were not significant. This study concludes that the demographic characteristics of critical care nurses enable the identification of levels of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction, and their resilience to the effects of compassion fatigue.     

军队医院急诊科护士同情心疲乏与同情心满足水平及其工作相关影响因素分析

目的探讨军队医院急诊科护士同情心疲乏与同情心满足水平及其工作相关影响因素.方法2019年6-7月便利抽样选取军队医院急诊科护士145名,采用人口学及一般工作情况调查问卷、护士工作相关生活质量量表、中文版护士同情心负荷量表对其进行调查,对结果进行单因素分析和多元线性回归分析.结果被调查军队医院急诊科护士同情心疲乏得分为(22.90±5.88)分,处于中等水平;同情心满足得分为(35.06±7.31)分,处于中等偏上水平.急诊岗位、工作年限、是否遭受言语暴力以及接受心理调适培训是同情心疲乏与同情心满足的一般工作情况影响因素(均P<0.05);工作压力、工作评价是工作相关生活质量影响因素(均P<0.05).结论军队医院急诊科护士同情心疲乏与同情心满足水平受到部分工作相关因素影响,提示军队医院护理管理者应有针对性地关注这部分护士群体,为其提供机构与政策支持,以稳定军队医院急诊科护理人才队伍.     

Compassion fatigue and satisfaction: A cross‐sectional survey among US healthcare workers

Professional quality of life among healthcare providers can impact the quality and safety of patient care. The purpose of this research was to investigate compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue levels as measured by the Professional Quality of Life Scale self‐report instrument in a community hospital in the United States. A cross‐sectional survey study examined differences among 139 RNs, physicians, and nursing assistants. Relationships among individual and organizational variables were explored. Caregivers for critical patients scored significantly lower on the Professional Quality of Life subscale of burnout when compared with those working in a noncritical care unit. Linear regression results indicate that high sleep levels and employment in critical care areas are associated with less burnout. Identification of predictors can be used to design interventions that address modifiable risks.     

Mental health nurses’ disaster nursing competencies: A cross-sectional study

The unprecedented and prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has escalated the gravity of disasters in the field of mental health. Nurses are health care providers who play a pivotal role in all phases of disaster management and psychiatric nurses are required to be prepared and equipped with competencies to respond to such disasters. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of mental health nurses’ professional quality of life on disaster nursing competencies. This study adhered to the STROBE checklist for observational research. Data were collected from 196 mental health nurses working in various settings, including hospitals and communities in South Korea. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue were measured using the Korean version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Disaster nursing competencies were measured using the Disaster Nursing Preparedness-Response Competencies Scale. Multiple regression analysis showed that compassion satisfaction (β = 0.36, P < 0.001) was the most potent predictor of disaster nursing competencies of mental health nurses, followed by participation in disaster nursing (β = 0.15, P = 0.023) and disaster nursing-related education (β = 0.15, P = 0.026); these factors explained 30.1% of the variance. Education programmes ensuring that mental health nurses are adequately prepared for disaster management should include theoretical content as well as simulation training using virtual situations that resemble actual disasters. Further, supportive leadership and work environments that encourage cohesive teamwork are needed to increase compassion satisfaction of nurses.     

ICU 护士同情心疲乏对其职业认同的影响

目的：探讨重症监护室（ICU）护士同情心疲乏对其职业认同的影响。方法：对山东省6家三级甲等综合医院的193名ICU护士进行问卷调查,了解ICU护士同情心疲乏及其职业认同现状,并探讨两者的关系。结果：同情心疲乏中同情心满足和继发性创伤应激与职业认同呈正相关（P〈0．05）,与工作倦怠呈负相关（P〈0．01）。职业认同总分为（98．29±16．20）分。分层回归分析显示,控制人口学变量后,继发性创伤应激、同情心满足和工作倦怠可独立预测职业认同的31．9％。结论：护理管理者应提高护士的工作满意度,缓解其同情心疲乏,从而提高护士职业认同,促进护理事业的发展。     

Evaluation of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses in Jordan: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundNurses working in emergency departments are overworked and exposed to frequent stressors over time, leading to compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress.AimsThis study aimed to assess the levels of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction, and examine the relationship of these two variables with specific demographic, health-related, and work-related factors among emergency nurses in Jordan.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. The Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 was used to collect data.ResultsA convenience sampling method was used to recruit 203 registered nurses from emergency departments in Jordan. The mean compassion fatigue and satisfaction scores were moderate. There was a significant but negligible correlation between compassion satisfaction and educational levels (r = 0.15, p < 0.05) and between secondary traumatic stress and comorbid diseases (r = −0.16, p < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough the levels of compassion fatigue and satisfaction were moderate, both may negatively affect nurses’ care and patient outcomes. Conversely, compassion satisfaction should be improved in order to overcome the negative effects of compassion fatigue.     

肿瘤内科护士共情疲劳与人格特征的相关性研究

目的 了解肿瘤内科护士共情疲劳现状,探讨其与人格特征的关系。方法 采用一般情况调查表、中文版专业生活品质量表、大五人格问卷简式版对大连市7所综合医院291名肿瘤内科护士进行调查,采用Pearson相关检验法分析共情疲劳与人格特征的相关性。结果 （1）肿瘤内科护士共情疲劳各维度得分分别为共情满足（34.79±5.87）分、二次创伤（24.75±5.20）分、倦怠（24.92±5.46）分。（2）相关分析结果显示：大五人格与共情疲劳各维度密切相关,其中宜人性、严谨性、开放性、外向性维度与共情满足成正相关（r=0.311~0.496,P<0.01）,与倦怠成负相关（r=-0.304~-0.404,P<0.01）;神经质人格与二次创伤、倦怠呈正相关（r=0.338~0.422,P<0.01）,与共情满足呈负相关（r=-0.178,P<0.01）。结论 肿瘤内科护士共情疲劳现象普遍,总体处于中度水平,而在不同人格特征的肿瘤内科护士中,神经质人格者最易出现共情疲劳。建议管理者应根据个体特有的人格特征,及早发现高危人群并积极进行干预,降低共情疲劳的发生,提高肿瘤护理的工作质量。     

肿瘤护理人员职业情感体验的质性研究

目的深入了解肿瘤护理人员职业情感体验,为帮助其正确认识和应对职业情感应激提供参考。方法采用现象学研究方法,对上海市一、二、三级医院的10名肿瘤护理人员进行深入访谈,并运用Colaizzi法对访谈内容进行资料分析。结果提炼出有关肿瘤护理人员情感体验的四大主题：大量的情感投入与付出,正性的同情心满足感,负性情感应激和同情心疲乏。结论要重视肿瘤护理人员的职业情感压力,从各方面加强对该群体心理调适的支持,并寻求心理咨询辅导等专业人员的介入,以帮助其更好地胜任肿瘤护理的工作。     

儿科护士同情心疲乏现状及其对儿科护理质量的影响

目的分析儿科护士同情心疲乏现状及其对儿科护理质量的影响。方法 2016年1-12月便利抽样选取黄石市2所综合性医院、1所专科医院的262名儿科护士为研究对象,采用Stamm设计的专业生活品质量表(professional quality of life,Pro QOL)中文版调查儿科护士的同情心疲乏现状;通过参阅病历和现场调查的方法,对262名护士进行儿科护理质量评估。结果儿科护士同情心疲乏各维度得分为:二次创伤(22.84±4.04)分、倦怠(22.72±3.62)分和同情心满足(32.46±5.15)分;不同年龄、职称、学历、工作年限护士间各同情心疲乏维度得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);儿科护理质量得分为要素质量(31.22±2.24)分、环节质量(26.17±2.58)分、终末质量(31.41±2.38)分;护士同情心疲乏中的二次创伤和倦怠维度与儿科护理质量各指标评分呈负相关(P0.05),同情心满足与儿科护理质量各指标评分呈正相关(P0.05)。结论儿科护士存在明显的同情心疲乏,其中二次创伤、倦怠维度与儿科护理质量呈负相关,同情心满足维度与护理质量呈正相关。     

Emotional regulation training for intensive and critical care nurses

Professional quality of life is related to psychological well‐being for nurses with implications for quality patient care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of emotional regulation training on depression, anxiety and stress, and professional quality of life for intensive and critical care nurses. In this experimental comparison trial, 60 intensive and critical care nurses were randomly assigned to treatment and wait‐list control groups. The treatment group received six sessions of emotional regulation training, while the wait‐list control group received no treatment. Outcome measures were: the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; and the Professional Quality of Life Scale in a pre‐post design. The treatment group demonstrated greater improvements in burnout and compassion satisfaction compared with the wait‐list control group. No significant reduction in compassion fatigue was found compared with controls. Some cognitive coping strategies improved in the treatment group compared with controls, with greater reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. This study indicates the benefits of implementing emotional regulation training programs to improve psychological well‐being and professional quality of life for intensive and critical care nurses.     

优质护理服务模式下护士共情疲劳影响因素的Meta分析

[目的]明确目前在优质护理服务模式下护士共情疲劳的影响因素,为尽早科学识别临床护理人员共情疲劳提供理论依据。[方法]检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM);PubMed、Web of Science、Ovid、EMbase中英文数据库并提取数据,用Stata 15软件进行Meta分析。[结果]共纳入4篇文献,其中3篇中文文献,1篇英文文献。Meta分析显示:提取到具有统计学意义相关因素5项,学历[OR=2.44,95%CI(1.63,3.55)]、科室[OR=1.90,95%CI(1.29,2.79)]、周工作时间[OR=3.11,95%CI(1.40,6.91)]、护龄[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.10,0.97)]及重选工作意愿[OR=0.14,95%CI(0.03,0.63)]。[结论]现有证据表明,学历、科室、周工作时间、护龄、重选工作意愿是护士共情疲劳的影响因素。护理管理者可从这些方面进行尽早识别管理,稳定护理团队,更好地开展优质护理服务。     

急诊科护士同情心疲乏体验及其发展与对策的质性研究

目的 探讨急诊科护士同情心疲乏体验,分析相关因素与影响,并提出针对性策略.方法 采用最大差异抽样法,于2019年5月至2020年1月选取来自上海市3所三级甲等医院的11名急诊科护士进行半结构式个人访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析.结果 分析资料提炼得出4个主题:同情心疲乏体验复杂多样、同情心疲乏与多种因...     

Compassion fatigue and nursing work: Can we accurately capture the consequences of caring work?

Health outcomes and, in particular, patient health outcomes have become a driving force within health-care delivery. Little emphasis has been placed on the potential health consequences for nurses providing care and caring within the health-care system. Compassion fatigue (or secondary traumatic stress) has emerged as a natural consequence of caring for clients who are in pain, suffering or traumatized. This paper sheds light on how nursing work might impact the health of nurses by exploring the concept of compassion fatigue. Limitations of current instruments to measure compassion fatigue are highlighted, and suggestions for future direction are presented.     

Expressions of Compassion Fatigue by Emergency Department Nurses Caring for Patients With Opioid and Substance Use Disorders

IntroductionThe misuse of and addiction to opioids are a national public health crisis. The complexity of delivering patient care in emergency departments exposes nurses to stressful work situations with complex patient loads and increasing levels of compassion fatigue. Emergency nurses were asked about their feelings of compassion fatigue while caring for patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders.MethodsTwenty-four focus groups with emergency nurses (N = 53) at a level I trauma center were conducted in late 2019 and early 2020 are used in this qualitative study using thematic analysis that identified 1 main theme of compassion fatigue with 3 subthemes (nurse frustration with addicted patients, emotional responses, and job satisfaction).ResultsFindings highlight that emergency nurses working with patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders are dealing with a number of negative emotional stressors and frustrations, which in turn has increased their levels of compassion fatigue. These nurses repeatedly expressed feelings of increasing frustration with addicted patients, negative emotional responses, and decreasing levels of job satisfaction as components of their compassion fatigue.DiscussionThese emergency nurses identified 3 areas to improve their compassion: improved management support with encouragement across all work shifts, debriefing opportunities, and more education. Fostering a high level of self-awareness and understanding of how the work environment influences personal well-being are necessary strategies to avoid the frustrations and negative emotional responses associated with compassion fatigue.     

Toward a comprehensive,theoretical model of compassion fatigue: An integrative literature review

This study was an integrative literature review in relation to compassion fatigue models, appraising these models, and developing a comprehensive theoretical model of compassion fatigue. A systematic search on PubMed, EbscoHost (Academic Search Premier, E‐Journals, Medline, PsycINFO, Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition, CINAHL, MasterFILE Premier and Health Source Consumer Edition), gray literature, and manual searches of included reference lists was conducted in 2016. The studies (n = 11) were analyzed, and the strengths and limitations of the compassion fatigue models identified. We further built on these models through the application of the conservation of resources theory and the social neuroscience of empathy. The compassion fatigue model shows that it is not empathy that puts nurses at risk of developing compassion fatigue, but rather a lack of resources, inadequate positive feedback, and the nurse’s response to personal distress. By acting on these three aspects, the risk of developing compassion fatigue can be addressed, which could improve the retention of a compassionate and committed nurse workforce.     

Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis

“Compassion fatigue” was first introduced in relation to the study of burnout among nurses, but it was never defined within this context; it has since been adopted as a synonym for secondary traumatic stress disorder, which is far removed from the original meaning of the term. The aim of the study was to define compassion fatigue within nursing practice. The method that was used in this article was concept analysis. The findings revealed several categories of compassion fatigue: risk factors, causes, process, and manifestations. The characteristics of each of these categories are specified and a connotative (theoretical) definition, model case, additional cases, empirical indicators, and a denotative (operational) definition are provided. Compassion fatigue progresses from a state of compassion discomfort to compassion stress and, finally, to compassion fatigue, which if not effaced in its early stages of compassion discomfort or compassion stress, can permanently alter the compassionate ability of the nurse. Recommendations for nursing practice, education, and research are discussed.