Primary oral leiomyosarcoma: a retrospective clinical analysis of 20 cases

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 198–203 Purpose: As a review and clinical analysis of primary oral leiomyosarcoma (LMS) cases in West China stomatology Hospital in the past 37 years, this study provides demographic, therapeutic and prognostic information of this rare tumor. Patients and methods: In our study, 20 cases of primary oral LMS treated between 1972 and 2008 in West China Stomatology Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. A thorough review of clinical records was carried out and potential indicators of survival were analyzed. Results: The most common symptom of oral LMS presented as a painless mass. The median age of patients was 37 years, and the peak incidence age of this tumor was in the 2nd and 5th decades. There was no predilection of gender, and the male‐to‐female ratio was 11:9. The most frequently occurring site of oral leiomysarcoma was the jawbones. The prognosis of this tumor was poor as a result of the high local recurrence and the estimated 2 year survival was 17.6%. The bony involvement and method of therapy was observed to have an influence on the prognosis and survival of this tumor (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a predilection site of jawbones for oral LMS, and bony involvement was a potential indicator suggesting a poorer prognosis. The recommended method of therapy on this tumor was aggressive, radical surgical resection; however, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy may also have a beneficial effect.     

Tuberculosis of the oral cavity: a systematic review

Kakisi OK, Kechagia AS, Kakisis IK, Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Tuberculosis of the oral cavity: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 103–109. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The recent increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, combined with an emerging global resistance to antituberculous drugs, warrants an increased awareness of the involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in persistent or atypical lesions in the oral cavity. We sought to review the published reports of mycobacterial infection of the oral cavity found in the literature in otherwise uncompromised patients, from 1950 to the present day, and analyzed the documented manifestations. M. tuberculosis infects all parts of the mouth (soft and hard palate, uvula, buccal mucosa, gingivae, lips, tongue, maxilla, and mandible) more often in men than in women, appearing predominantly in the form of ulcerative lesions. It was found as a secondary infection in 58% (54% pulmonary, 4% extrapulmonary) of patients and as a primary infection in 42% of patients. Carcinomas are found to co‐exist in the same lesion site in 3% of patients. In approximately 50% of patients, an oral manifestation of TB has led to the diagnosis of a previously unknown systemic infection, which resulted in a timely and effective treatment. The investigation for tuberculosis should therefore be actively pursued in the dental surgery. Diagnostic work‐up for systemic involvement and control of healthcare‐associated spread is important, while therapeutic options are still considered adequate.     

Primary gingival leiomyosarcoma. A clinicopathological study of 1 case with prolonged survival

BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcoma is a relatively uncommon mesenchymal tumor that exhibits smooth-muscle differentiation. Only 3 to 10% of leiomyosarcomas arise in the head and neck, the nose and paranasal sinuses, skin and subcutaneous tissue and cervical esophagus being the most common localizations. Most leiomyosarcomas involving the oral tissues primarily affect the maxillary sinus, the maxillary or mandibular bone. A review of the English-language literature since 1908 revealed 30 reported cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of the oral mucosa and soft tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report on a case of gingival leiomyosarcoma, arising in a 31-year-old female and involving the upper alveolar mucosa. Following the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm on frozen sections and an en-block resection, the tumour was formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded for histological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Microscopically, the tumor was composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with elongated, blunt-ended nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing PAS-positive granules. Mitoses, both typical and atypical, and scattered necrotic foci were present. Consistent desmin, muscle specific and alpha-smooth muscle-specific, and vimentin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the tumor cells. The patient is alive and free of disease at a 7-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-oral leiomyosarcomas are exceptionally rare. Accurate diagnosis and treatment is largely based on the careful search of clinical signs indicative of malignancy (e.g., neoplastic bone destruction, wide invasion of adjacent tissues) and intra-operative (frozen sections) examination of the lesion. Though the case reported herein showed an attenuated clinical behavior, prolonged follow-up is mandatory in view of possible tumor relapse.     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the mandible in a 7-year-old girl: report of a case and review of the literature

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle origin that manifests itself uncommonly in the oral cavity because of the paucity of smooth muscle in that location. To the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of leiomyosarcoma primary to the jawbones have been reported in the English language literature. We report the first pediatric case of leiomyosarcoma arising from the mandible. Facial asymmetry and swelling were accompanied by a rapidly growing exophytic soft tissue mass that caused buccal displacement of the mandibular left permanent first molar. The lesion, observed radiographically as an extensive ill-defined area of osteolytic alveolar destruction, perforated the lingual cortex, displaced the inferior alveolar nerve canal inferiorly, and produced a "floating-in-air" appearance of the first molar. Diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made after initial incisional biopsy of the lesion. A 5-cm segmental mandibulectomy and supraomohyoid neck dissection were followed by reconstruction with a dynamic mandibular reconstruction plate and placement of a multidimensional mandibular distraction device in a transport rectangle of bone to promote bifocal distraction osteogenesis. Forty millimeters of distraction (the technical limit of the device) were performed; this was followed by terminal iliac crest bone grafting. Seventeen months after the definitive surgical procedure, the patient remains free of disease.     

Efficacy and safety of miconazole for oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of miconazole for treating oral candidiasis. Twelve electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating treatments for oral candidiasis and complemented by hand searching. The clinical and mycological outcomes, as well as adverse effects, were set as the primary outcome criteria. Seventeen trials were included in this review. Most studies were considered to have a high or moderate level of bias. Miconazole was more effective than nystatin for thrush. For HIV‐infected patients, there was no significant difference in the efficacy between miconazole and other antifungals. For denture wearers, microwave therapy was significantly better than miconazole. No significant difference was found in the safety evaluation between miconazole and other treatments. The relapse rate of miconazole oral gel may be lower than that of other formulations. This systematic review and meta‐analysis indicated that miconazole may be an optional choice for thrush. Microwave therapy could be an effective adjunct treatment for denture stomatitis. Miconazole oral gel may be more effective than other formulations with regard to long‐term results. However, future studies that are adequately powered, large‐scale, and well‐designed are needed to provide higher‐quality evidence for the management of oral candidiasis.     

Leiomyosarcomas of the oral cavity: report of a radiation-associated and a metastatic case

Background

Leiomyosarcoma is rare in the oral cavity, where it may arise as primary, radiation-associated, or metastatic tumor. This article reports two cases of oral leiomyosarcoma, discussing the range of clinicopathological features and the significance of these presentations.

Case report

One case is a radiation-associated leiomyosarcoma arising in the tongue of a 71-year-old male occurring 22?years after radiation therapy for tonsil squamous cell carcinoma that was surgically treated. The other one is a mandible metastasis from a retroperitoneal widespread leiomyosarcoma in a 69-year-old man, who was treated by surgery and chemotherapy but died from the disease.

Discussion

Post-radiotherapy sarcomas of the oral cavity and oral metastasis from soft tissue sarcomas are very uncommon, but based on patient??s clinical history, they should be considered by oral health care providers in order to allow an early diagnosis and proper and timely management. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first reported case of tongue leiomyosarcoma arising in a previously irradiated field.     

Periodontal disease and quality of life: Umbrella review of systematic reviews

This umbrella review appraised existing systematic reviews and meta‐analysis to establish the impact of periodontal disease and therapy on general and oral health‐related quality of life. A systematic electronic literature search was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guideline up to January 2020 using PubMed, LIVIVO, EMBASE and OpenGrey (PROSPERO CRD 42020163831). Hand searching was performed through the reference lists of periodontal textbooks and related journals. All English language‐based systematic reviews and meta‐analysis that assessed the impact of periodontal disease and treatment interventions on general and oral health‐related quality of life were included. Overall, eight articles met the inclusion criteria and their methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 criteria. Two systematic reviews showed a significant impact of oral conditions on general health‐related quality of life, although the specific impact of periodontal disease remains inconclusive. Three systematic reviews established a negative impact of periodontal disease on oral health‐related quality of life. Another three systematic reviews concluded that periodontal treatment can improve oral health‐related quality of life. Oral conditions, like periodontal disease, can impact the general health‐related quality of life. Periodontal disease is negatively correlated with oral health‐related quality of life, although treatment interventions can improve self‐reported quality of life. In view of the heterogeneity of generic instruments currently utilized to assess the self‐reported quality of life of periodontal patients, the development of a general and oral health‐related quality of life instrument specific for periodontal disease is strongly recommended.     

Oral vascular leiomyoma: review of the literature and report of two cases

A bstract — A review of 78 cases of oral leiomyoma from the literature shows that oral leiomyomas differ from those elsewhere in the body and they are usually vascular in type. Oral leiomyosarcomas occur only one-fifth as commonly as the leiomyomas. The histologic criteria for the differentiation of leiomyosarcoma are equivocal and so accurate prediction of the behaviour of such lesions is difficult.
A histopathologic investigation of two cases was undertaken to establish the usefulness of certain special stains, the presence or absence of neoplastic features and to estimate behaviour of these tumours. This showed that a connective tissue stain and the demonstration of myofibrils within the smooth muscle cells were minimal requirements for accurate diagnosis. The two lesions were well defined and contained well differentiated leiomyoblasts with no mitotic figures. A prediction of benign behaviour was borne out by clinical follow-up.     

Soft tissue changes with fixed functional appliances in Class II division 1

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate facial soft tissue changes after the use of fixed functional appliances in Class II division 1 malocclusion cases using a systematic review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Cochrane Database, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Lilacs) were searched with the help of a senior Health Sciences librarian. Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria were selected by consensus. The original articles were then retrieved. Their references were also hand-searched for possible missing articles. Clinical trials assessing facial soft tissue changes with the use of fixed functional appliances without any surgical intervention or syndromic characteristics were considered. A comparable untreated control group was required to factor out normal growth changes. Four articles using Herbst and one using Jasper Jumper fulfilled the selection criteria. An individual analysis of these articles was made and some methodological flaws were identified. RESULTS: Although fixed functional appliances produce some significant statistical changes in the soft tissue profile, the magnitude of the changes may not be perceived as clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusions from this systematic review should be considered with caution because only a secondary level of evidence was found. Long-term double-blinded prospective randomized clinical trials are needed. Three-dimensional quantification of the soft tissue changes is required to overcome current limitations in our understanding of the soft tissue changes obtained with the use of fixed functional appliances.     

Isolated gingival metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma mimicking a pyogenic granuloma

BACKGROUND: Oral metastatic tumours are uncommon and account for approximately 1% of malignant oral neoplasms. RESULTS: If the cases where the oral location is in the jawbone, with secondary invasion to the oral soft tissue, are excluded, only 10 cases of gingival metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been previously reported in the literature. The clinicopathologic features of an HCC with gingival metastasis are reported. Six months after the multicentric HCC and alcoholic cirrhosis was diagnosed, a 65-year-old male patient presented a rapidly growing, lobulated and reddish exophytic lesion that was located in the gum in the incisal region of the upper jaw. The lesion was excised, and the final diagnosis of gingival metastasis of the HCC was established. Diagnostic investigations did not show any evidence of other metastatic lesions. This article describes a case with solitary metastasis from HCC in the gingiva, an event that, to our knowledge, has not been previously published. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical appearance of isolated gingival metastasis from HCC in the present case mimicked a pyogenic granuloma.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the base of the tongue treated with radiotherapy: a case report

Soft tissue sarcomas of the oral cavity are uncommon malignancies; those of smooth-muscle origin are extremely rare. The world literature reveals about 80 leiomyomas and 26 cases of leiomyosarcoma. Only 4 of the cases with leiomyosarcoma occurred in the tongue. This report of leiomyosarcoma of the base and dorsum of the tongue adds 1 case which was primarily treated with irradiation and achieved and excellent response. A 1.5-year follow-up after radiation-therapy is included and a review of the literature is presented.     

Clinico-pathologic correlations of myofibroblastic tumors of the oral cavity: 1. nodular fasciitis

BACKGROUND: Nodular fasciitis (NF), a soft tissue lesion mainly composed of myofibroblastic cells, is well documented in various body locations however, in the oral cavity it is rare. The NF has non-specific histologic characteristics that might result in misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The aim of the study was to analyze clinico-pathologic correlations of NF occurring in the oral cavity. METHODS: A total of 36 cases of oral NF were analyzed including review of the English language literature and five new cases from our files. RESULTS: Oral mucosa NF was found to peak in the fourth and fifth decades, which is a decade later than NF occurring in other sites of the body. The most common locations were the buccal mucosa (52.8%) and the lips (16.7%). Duration of lesions ranged from 3 days to 2 years, with approximately 61% being present for more than a month, which is longer than the duration of NF from other body locations. Histologically, oral NF showed varying degrees of cellularity and frequently contained myxomatous areas, and often demonstrated local infiltration into adjacent tissues. However, the myofibroblastic, spindle-shaped lesional cells were uniform and lacked any major signs of atypia. Mitotic figures, characteristically abundant in NF lesions throughout the body, ranged from absent to moderately high in oral NF cases. Treatment modality of choice was complete surgical excision. Recurrence was reported for only one case. Extensive, mutilating surgical procedures for oral mucosa NF are unnecessary, since lesions resolve even when surgical margins are partly involved. CONCLUSIONS: The NF should be included in the clinical differential diagnosis of superficial and deep soft tissue masses of the oral cavity, especially of the buccal mucosa. Histopathologically, NF should be differentiated from other spindle cell lesions, mainly myofibroma, neurofibroma, fibrosarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor, fibromatosis and fibrous histiocytoma.     

嚼肌瓣整复口腔癌术后软组织缺损2例及文献回顾

目的：总结应用嚼肌瓣修复口腔癌术后软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：收集2例LI腔癌病例，利用嚼肌瓣修复术后软组织缺损，并对相关文献进行叫顾。结果：口腔癌术后软组织缺损严重影响患者的口腔功能，应用嚼肌瓣以及牛物膜整复町获得较为满意的功能及美学效果。结论：应用嚼肌瓣修复口腔癌术后软组织缺损町以获得较为满意的临床效果好。     

口腔颌面部肿瘤侵犯翼腭间隙的CT检查和诊断

为了给临床治疗提供有益的经验，作者回顾分析了３３例经病理检查证实的口腔颌面部肿瘤侵犯翼腭间隙的ＣＴ表现，结果显示翼腭间隙区肿瘤侵犯的ＣＴ表现主要是软组织肿块的占位和其各壁结构破坏，不同中心部位的口腔颌面部肿瘤对翼腭间隙的侵犯具有不同的ＣＴ表现特点。作者从组织发生和ＣＴ表现两方面对原发性翼腭间隙肿瘤进行了探讨，并提出了ＣＴ诊断标准。ＣＴ对诊断该区的病变具有重要作用。     

Long‐Term Results of Endosteal Implants Following Radical Oral Cancer Surgery with and without Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the long‐term survival of implants and implant‐retained prostheses in patients after ablative surgery of oral cancer with or without adjunctive radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2008, 66 patients who had undergone ablative tumor surgery in the oral cavity were treated with dental implants (n = 262). Thirty‐four patients received radiation therapy in daily fractions of 2 Gy administered on 18 to 30 days. Implants were inserted in the maxilla (49; 18.7%) or mandible (213; 81.3%), in non‐irradiated residual (65; 24.8%) or grafted bone (44; 16.8%) and in irradiated residual (15.6%) or grafted bone (39; 14.9%). Seventeen fixed protheses and 53 removable dentures (34 bar attachments, 9 telescopic and 10 ball retained dentures) were inserted. Results: Mean follow‐up after implant insertion was 47.99 (±34.31) months (range 12–140 months). The overall 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates of all implants were 96.6%, 96.6%, and 86.9%, respectively. Fourteen implants were lost in nine patients (5.3% of all implants); eight implants were primary losses, and five secondary losses because of an operation of tumor recurrence. There was no significantly lower implant survival for implants inserted into irradiated bone (p = .302), bone and/or soft‐tissue grafts (p = .436), and maxilla or mandible (p = .563). All prosthetic restorations in patients without tumor recurrence could be maintained during the observation period. Conclusions: Implant survival is not significantly influenced by radiation therapy, grafts (bone and/or soft tissue), or location (maxilla or mandible). However, implants placed in irradiated bone exhibit a higher failure rate during the healing period than those placed in non‐irradiated bone. No superstructure was particularly favorable. Osseointegrated implants can be used successfully in patients with prior history of ablative surgery with and without additional radiation therapy.     

口腔颌面肿瘤侵犯翼腭间隙的CT检查和诊断

为了给治疗提供有益的经验，作者回顾分析了３３例病理检查证实的口腔颌面部肿瘤犯翼腭间隙的ＣＴ表现，结果显示腭间隙区犯的ＣＴ表现主要是软组织肿块的占位和其各壁结构破坏，不同中心部位的口腔颌面部肿瘤对翼腭间隙的侵犯具有不同的ＣＴ表现特点。作战人组织发生和ＣＴ表现两方面对原发性翼腭间隙肿瘤进行了探讨，并提出了ＣＴ诊断标准。ＣＴ对诊断该区的病变具有重要作用。     

Leiomyosarcomas of the oral tissues: clinicopathologic analysis of 50 cases.

PURPOSE: Primary oral leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors. Information regarding the biological behavior, prognosis, and appropriate management of this neoplasm is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this report was to summarize the data of isolated case reports of primary oral leiomyosarcoma that have been published in the English literature during the past 25 years. The cases of 4 additional new patients who have been treated in our department during the past 10 years are also presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data for 46 patients obtained from 32 individual articles retrieved from the English literature were added to our 4 cases and produced a total number of 50 cases of primary leiomyosarcomas of the oral tissues. Patients were analyzed according to demographic data, anatomic location, type of treatment, and survival. RESULTS: Primary oral leiomyosarcoma may affect any age with peaks of occurrence in the third, sixth, and seventh decades of life. There is no gender predilection. Female patients presented the higher incidence in the third decade, whereas males had an even age distribution. The tumor arises in approximately 70% of the cases in the maxillary and mandibular bones. Radical surgery was the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy when applied in recurrent tumors had little effect. The most adverse prognostic factor was the positive surgical margins. The 5-year survival was 62% (62.9% for females and 52.6% for males, P > .1968). CONCLUSIONS: Cases of oral leiomyosarcoma appear to be associated with major neurovascular structures of the facial skeleton, as evidenced from the imaging studies of our 4 patients. Primary oral leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor that should be managed with aggressive surgical resection in order to safeguard curability. Histopathologic diagnosis is greatly facilitated with positive immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle antigenic markers.     

Intranodal hemangioma of the oral soft tissues: a case report of a rare entity with review of the literature

The presentation of a primary vascular tumor in a lymph node is a rare occurrence. Only 16 documented cases have been reported to date, with none described in the oral soft tissues. This case report presents the first occurrence of an intra-nodal hemangioma of the oral soft tissue in an 11-year-old girl. A review of the literature is also presented.