氧化低密度脂蛋白致血管内皮损伤机制及中药复方防治的研究进展

低密度脂蛋白经氧化修饰后主要通过凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1导致管内皮细胞损伤,诱导黏附分子和炎症因子的合成与释放,加重血管炎症反应,诱导内皮细胞凋亡,进而导致动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病.中药复方通过抑制低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化生成氧化低密度脂蛋白(OX-LDL),防治血管内皮损伤,进而防治动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展...     

类风湿性关节炎治疗最新进展

对近年来国内对类风湿性关节炎(RA)的临床治疗进行了综述．包括：药物治疗、物理治疗、外科和其他疗法，尤其是在药物开发、作用机理、研究进展方面作了更为详尽的归纳阐述。指出：生物制剂作为新兴的RA治疗药物，具有药理靶点选择性高和毒副作用较小的优点．预期将有广泛的应用前景。     

Protective effect of medicinal plant extracts on biomarkers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes

Plants are universally recognized as a vital part of the world’s natural heritage and up to 80% of the population rely on plants for their primary healthcare. Varieties of medicinal plants are recognized as a source of natural antioxidants that can protect from oxidative stress, thus playing an important role in chemoprevention of diseases. In the present investigation, 22 extracts from different parts of eight medicinal plants (Punica granatum Linn. (Punicaceae), Caesalpinia bonducella Flem. (Fabaceae), Hibiscus subdariffa Linn. [(Malvaceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), Garcinia indica Linn. (Clusiaceae), Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Euphorbiaceae), Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae), and Matricaria chamomilla Linn. (Asteraceae)] were screened for their protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (2?mM) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.01?mM). The effect was also compared with known antioxidants and flavonoids. Subjecting erythrocytes to oxidative stress by incubation with hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide caused a significant alteration in reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration compared to the control. Our results show that medicinal plant extracts protect erythrocytes from hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative stress; known antioxidant (vitamin C, E, and β-carotene) and flavonoid (quercetin) also showed a similar protective effect. Our observations may, in part, suggest the use of the spent/waste parts of medicinal plants. This could be an economically viable source of natural and potent antioxidants effective against complications arising from oxidative stress. The results may also improve the ethanopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants.     

The evolving horizon of drug registration — Europe and beyond

Summary The thalidomide tragedy gave rise to national drug regulation without thought to international harmonization. Thus from the early days of the European Community (EC), there has been a barrier to the free movement of medicinal products. Previous attempts have failed to resolve the problem and the European Commission is currently involved in attempting to establish Community drug legislation which will remove these barriers and create a single internal market.The Commission advocates two procedures (a centralized and a decentralized) largely under the control of the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) within the framework of a new European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. The present authority of the Commission to make decisions binding on all 12 Member States will be utilized by the CPMP.While the present draft legislation should create significant improvement towards the goal of a single market, it contains some areas of potential concern. That this major venture should be a success is not only critical to the EC economy, its research-based pharmaceutical industry and the health care of its citizens but also to the achievement of global harmonization for pharmaceutical marketing authorization for which there is much evidence of enthusiasm and desire.     

清热消痤颗粒对金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑组织形态影响的研究

目的初步探讨清热消痤颗粒对治疗寻常痤疮相关皮脂腺斑组织形态的影响。方法以成年金黄地鼠侧腹部皮脂腺斑作为动物模型,观察测量皮脂腺斑的直径,从组织学上观察其显微结构。结果从外观上看,治疗组较对照组的皮脂腺斑直径显著缩小（P〈0.05）,从组织学上观察,治疗组较对照组的皮脂腺斑块明显萎缩、松散、变薄（P〈0.05）。结论清热消痤颗粒通过抗雄性激素抑制皮脂腺的分泌,发挥治疗寻常型痤疮的作用。     

穿山甲炮制研究进展

穿山甲是我国传统中药,有消肿散结、通经下乳、活血消癥之功,其质地坚实,不易破碎,有效成分难以溶出.通过适当炮制后,可使其质地变脆,便于有效成分溶出.为此,本文就近年来穿山甲炮制的历史沿革、炮制方法、工艺及现代炮制对其化学成分和药效等方面研究内容进行文献综述,综合分析了穿山甲不同炮制方法,及这些方法对该药材化学成分和药效...     

药用动植物重金属富集作用的利与弊

目的探讨药用动植物中重金属的富集作用,促进中药材的合理应用。方法对近10余年来药用动植物重金属富集作用的相关研究进行综述,重点比较药用动植物富集重金属作用的利与弊。结果有许多临床常用的中药材的原植物或原动物对重金属离子都具有超富集作用或者是对重金属离子具有高耐受性。结论在今后的GAP关键技术的研究中要注意考查药材对重金属的生理特性,并有针对性地制定防范策略,确保中药材生产的优质高产和临床用药的安全有效。     

天灸疗法治疗哮喘病的临床观察和护理对策

目的探讨天灸疗法防治哮喘病的效果及护理对策。方法对170例哮喘患者进行天灸治疗,连续跟踪随访三年,采用回顾性调查的方法,分析天灸治疗的效果。结果第1年总有效率为70.3%,第2年总有效率为86.21%,第3年总有效率92.35%。结论天灸疗法治疗支气管哮喘临床疗效显著,且疗效呈逐年上升。     

Larvicidal Activity of Extracts and Triterpenoids from Lantana camara

Extracts of the leaves, twigs, stems and roots of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) were solvent-partitioned and screened for activity in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST). The active fractions yielded known oleanonic acid (1), lantadene A (2) and oleanolic acid (3), which were very toxic to brine shrimp larvae. Compounds 1-3 were not lethal to Spodoptera littoralis Biosduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) when tested at 5000µg/ml. Compound 2, however, suppressed the fecundity of C. tomentosicollis at this concentration.     

蒙药肋柱花氯仿提取物的化学成分研究

目的：研究肋柱花[Lomatogonium rotatum（L.）Fries exNym]氯仿提取物的化学成分。方法：利用硅胶柱色谱、Seph-adex LH-20柱色谱和HPLC等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及光谱数据确定化合物的结构。结果：分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为①erythrocentaurin;②1-羟基-3,7,8-三甲氧基口山酮;③8-羟基-1,3,5-三甲基口山酮;④1-羟基-3,5,8-三甲氧基口山酮。     

中药标本的重要性与应注意的问题

中药标本是中药标准起草、检验、研究、开发、使用等工作不可缺少的实证材料,如何收集好中药标本以及如何管理好中药标本,一定程度上影响着中药检验及相关工作。     

Embryo and fetal toxicity of Mentha x villosa essential oil in Wistar rats

Context: Mentha x villosa Hudson (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb employed as a food spice. In folk medicine, it leaves are used as a tranquilizer and anti-hypertensive, even by pregnant women.

Objective: There are no reports about its effects in gestation and exposed fetuses, the aim of this study.

Materials and methods: At gestation day (GD) 01, 24 rats were divided in four groups: one control and three experimental groups (n?=?6/group). The experimental groups received, by gavage, from GD06 to GD16, 10, 25 or 50 µg/kg/day of Mentha x villosa essential oil. The control group received the vehicle (Tween 80 and distilled water ? 2%). The parameters of body weight gain, water and food intake were recorded. At GD20 the females were euthanized. Half of the fetuses from each litter were directed for the study of visceral malformations and the remaining fetuses for the study of skeletal malformations.

Results: The statistical analyses revealed absence of alterations in body weight gain, water and food intake, litter weight, fetuses number and weight, reabsorptions and implantations. The treatment revealed absence of visceral and skeletal malformations. The visceral analysis revealed mild hemorrhagic points at brain, but more numerous at kidney, liver and blood vessels near heart, in some fetuses from some experimental litters.

Conclusion: The essential oil was not able to promote impairment to the pregnant rats and to gestation. Even occurring lack of malformations, fetotoxicity was revealed by mild hemorrhagic points at liver, kidney, brain and blood vessels of some exposed fetuses.     

膜分离技术在药物分离纯化中的应用

膜分离技术较之传统的蒸馏、吸附、萃取、深冷分离等相比,具有低能耗、效率高、操作连续化、品质稳定等优点,目前在医药、化工、环境领域都有广泛应用.本文简要阐述了膜分离技术的特点及其在药物分离纯化中的应用.     

药用植物拉丁异名现象的分析和思考

目的:为药用植物拉丁学名的使用、检索、核对工作提供方便。方法:通过文献检索等方式,对2010年版《中国药典》(一部)正文中使用的药用植物拉丁学名与《中国植物志》《Flora of China》中收载的药用植物拉丁学名进行了核对整理,并初步分析拉丁异名产生的原因。结果:2010年版《中国药典》(一部)中所使用的拉丁学名与《中国植物志》《Flora of China》文献不一致的比例达到16.13%。结论:对于拉丁异名及其由来的掌握,将有助于相关领域的教学、科研人员更好地开展药用植物鉴定和资源名录的整理工作。     

Medicinal Plants of Rodrigues

A survey of the medicinal plants used in Rodrigues was carried out. 181 plants commonly used for their medicinal properties are reported. The vernacular names are given along with the data on plant parts used and for which diseases.     

Availability and needs of herbal medicinal information resources at community pharmacy,Riyadh region,Saudi Arabia

A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia was conducted over a period of 6 months from July through December 2011. Data collection was carried out using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consisted of a brief introduction to the study and eleven questions. The questions consisted of close ended, multiple-choice, and fill-in short answers. A stratified random sample of one thousand and seven hundred registered pharmacy practitioners all over Saudi Arabia were randomly chosen to respond to the survey. The data from each of the returned questionnaire were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) which was used for statistical analysis. Only one thousand four hundred one pharmacists responded to the survey (response rate is 82.4%) with a completely answered questionnaire. The study results show that 59.7% of the participants sometimes discuss herbal medicine use with their patients, while only 4.25% never discuss it. The study shows 48.5% of participated pharmacists record herbal medicine use sometimes where only 9.4% of them never did so. However, with regard to initiation of the discussion, the study shows that 44.3% of the respondents reported that patients initiate herbal issue discussion while 20.8% reported that pharmacists initiate the discussion. This discussion was reported to be a one time discussion or an ongoing discussion by 14.3% or 9.9% of the respondents respectively. According to the study results, respondents reported that the most common barriers that limit discussing herbal medicines’ use with their patients were lack of time due to other obligations assigned to the community pharmacist (46%), lack of reliable resources (30.3%), lack of scientific evidence that support herbal medicine use (15.2%), or lack of knowledge of herbal medicines (13.4%). Yet, a small number of respondents was concerned about interest in herbal medicines (9.1%) and other reasons (2.4%). So it is urgent to ensure that pharmacists are appropriately educated and trained. Extra efforts are needed to increase the awareness of pharmacists to adverse drug reactions reporting system at Saudi Food and Drug Authority. Finally, more consideration to herbal issues should be addressed in both pharmacy colleges’ curricula and continuous education program..     

The antinociceptive activity of harmicine on chemical-induced neurogenic and inflammatory pain models in mice

Harmicine is a β-carboline alkaloid isolated and identified as a major active compound present in many plant species and marine invertebrates. This alkaloid exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antispasmodic, antipyretic, and anticancer properties. This report described the antinociceptive properties of harmicine by means of chemical experimental models in order to evaluate the use for pain relief. The results demonstrating the potential analgesic properties of harmicine administered intraperitoneally were shown with the writhing test, reducing writhes around 60% (1 mg/kg), and in the formalin test, where harmicine was more effective toward neurogenic (reducing reaction time around 60%, 1 mg/kg) than inflammatory (68% reduction, 10 mg/kg) pain responses. Furthermore, these effects may operate via vanilloid receptors as revealed by the capsaicin test (41% reduction, with 3 mg/kg), as well as via peripheral glutamate receptors as shown by the glutamate test (50% reduction, with 1 mg/kg). Moreover, the opioid antagonist naloxone hydrochloride did not interfere in the antinociceptive properties of harmicine in the writhing test, revealing that this effect may not have a relationship with the opioid systems. Concluding, this report highlights harmicine as a new candidate to be used as analgesic in the future. Therefore, further studies are being undertaken in order to understand the exact mechanisms involved with the antinociceptive properties of harmicine.     

甲基睾丸素辅助早期妊娠药物流产100例临床观察

目的探讨甲基睾丸素对早期妊娠药物流产效果的影响。方法将200例妊娠49d内的妇女随机分为两组———观察组和对照组,观察组采用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇加用甲基睾丸素药物流产,对照组采用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇药物流产,对两组完全流产率、出血量、出血时间、不良反应及月经恢复时间进行比较。结果加用甲基睾丸素的观察组的完全流产率为94%,出血时间为(10.5±4.5)d,分别高于和少于未加甲基睾丸素的对照组,犤87%,(15.6±5.7)d〗,统计学分析P<0.05,观察组的出血量明显少于对照组,两组的副作用及月经恢复时间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论加用甲基睾丸素可改善药流效果,减少出血量,缩短出血时间。     

Resources and utilization of Taoist Medicinal Plants distributed in Wudang Mountain

The purposes of this investigation were: (1) to document Taoist herbal medicine in Wudang District, including which plant species and the ways of processing and administrations; (2) to compare the utilization of medicinal herbs of Taoist medicine in Wudang Disctrict and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In this study, based on our botanical survey, 178 species medicinal plants belonging to 75 families were recorded by Wudang Taoist. Out of these, the most important species were Compositae, Labiatae, Liliaceae, Leguminosae, Berberidaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae and Ranunculaceae. The study revealed that wine, tea and bath were most popular forms of administration in Taoist medicine. Our study is the first time to document Taoist medicinesystematically. Taoist medicine culture can have its characteristics and bring honor to the world cultural heritage–Wudang Mountains, and then make greater contributions for human health and longevity.