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脓毒症大鼠小肠功能变化的研究 总被引:25,自引:5,他引:25
目的 探讨脓毒症大鼠小肠屏障、吸收、通透及其蠕动功能的变化。方法 以 Wistar大鼠缺血再灌注复合内毒素血症制备动物模型。将动物随机分为正常对照 ( N)、肠系膜上动脉夹闭 1h后再灌注 1h( I/ R1)、2 h( I/ R2 )和 4 h( I/ R4 )以及再灌注 2 h后复合内毒素 2 h( I/ RL)共 5个组。分别测定各组动物血或小肠组织二胺氧化酶 ( DAO)、D 乳酸、D 木糖水平及肠蠕动 ,同时进行小肠普通光镜检查。结果 I/ R1、I/ R4和 I/ RL组血浆 DAO活性均显著升高 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,小肠组织 DAO在 I/ R2和 I/ RL 组均显著降低( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,从 N、I/ R1、I/ R2、I/ R4到 I/ RL,各组血浆 DAO和小肠 DAO的相关分析可见呈高度负相关( r= 0 .90 9,P<0 .0 0 1) ;I/ R 1、I/ R 2和 I/ RL组血浆 D乳酸均显著升高 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;与 N组比较各组肠传输速度显著加快 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;I/ R 1和 I/ RL组血中 D木糖浓度较 N组高 ,3h后仍高于 N组 ;血 DAO浓度与血 D乳酸浓度变化相关 ( r=0 .5 5 9,P<0 .0 5 )。结论 缺血再灌注后小肠的屏障、吸收、通透和蠕动功能均有不同程度的改变 ;缺血再灌注复合内毒素血症时再次加速或加重了小肠屏障、吸收、通透和传输功能的变化 相似文献
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中国是世界上最大的卒中负担国。随着卒中医疗质量的进步,我国卒中死亡率呈下降趋势,但卒中发生率仍呈上升趋势。近年来,中国在卒中教育、研究和护理方面均取得了巨大成就。本文回顾了近年来有影响力的学术成就,对中国卒中医疗质量提升、溶栓及新的治疗方法探索、中国卒中建设发展等最新进展进行了总结和评价,并展望了中国卒中管理的未来。 相似文献
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目的 了解云南省祥云县当地居民死亡的主要原因,为制定当地疾病预防控制工作策略提供参考依据。 方法 分析祥云县死因登记报告系统中导出的2010年数据信息,用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 祥云县2010年共报告死亡2759例,报告年平均死亡率为6.02,男性1648例,年死亡率为7.05,女性1111例,年死亡率为4.94。男性死亡率是女性的1.4倍,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);60岁组死亡2001例,占总死亡例数的72.53%;前4位死因顺位分别是循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、伤害、恶性肿瘤,共死亡2384例,占总死亡例数86.41%。 结论 慢性非传染性疾病是危害当地居民健康的主要因素。 相似文献
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目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的感染率、抗Hp治疗的效果及影响疗效的相关因素。方法:454例用14C尿素呼气试验(14C-UBT)检测Hp的患者,记录其年龄、性别、Hp治疗方案1、4C-UBT结果等,分析其感染率及治疗效果。对调查数据行统计学分析。结果:在未抗Hp的患者中14C-UBT阳性率为53.7%,经抗Hp的患者中14C-UBT的阳性率为25.9%(P〈0.001)。在70例患者的具体治疗方案中常用的抗生素包括克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星和阿莫西林。14例(20%)患者经过2次或2次以上抗Hp治疗,治疗方案以含质子泵抑制剂(PPI)的三联治疗为主。4周后随访,77.1%患者14C-UBT转阴,其中19例患者在8周以后复查,其阳性率较低(15.8%)。7例四联治疗患者Hp全部根除。Logistic回归分析显示,14C-UBT的结果与抗Hp的次数和处方医师是否是消化科医师显著相关(P〈0.05)。29.6%的患者有不良反应。结论:常用的抗Hp治疗方案的有效率在77.1%左右,含铋剂的四联治疗方案有较高的根除率;患者的再感染率较低。 相似文献
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目的 监测人群中霍乱病例和被霍乱弧菌污染的水体及食物,以便尽早采取预防控制措施,防止疫情扩散.方法 全省范围开展腹泻患者及外环境、食品监测,选择重点地区开展甲鱼霍乱弧菌污染状况专项监测.结果 2006年湖南省共登记腹泻患者111 526例,检测霍乱弧菌89 661例,检测率为80.39%,检出阳性4例,均为0139群霍乱弧菌感染;检测环境和食品样44 533份,其中水体35 113份,全部为阴性,水产品5377份,阳性16份,阳性率为0.30%,阳性标本为甲鱼和牛蛙,其他食品4043份,均为阴性;甲鱼专项监测2323份,检出阳性33份,阳性率为1.42%;霍乱毒素基因检测34株菌,20株为产毒株,占58.80%;药敏试验28株菌,均对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、丁胺卡那霉素100%敏感,对强力霉素、复方新诺明的敏感率为92.86%.结论 甲鱼、牛蛙等水产品是湖南省发生霍乱的主要因素,应加强水产品的监测和卫生管理. 相似文献
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兔脓毒症早期心肌功能的变化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的 研究脓毒症早期心肌功能变化的意义。方法 2 0只兔随机分成两组 :对照组 ( n=10 )行盲肠探查术 ;脓毒症组 ( n=10 )行盲肠结扎加穿孔术 ( CL P)制备脓毒症模型。两组均经右侧颈内动脉插管至左心室 ,每隔 1h测量 1次左室收缩峰压 ( L VSP)、左室压力最大上升速率 ( dp/ dt max)、左室压力最大下降速率 ( dp/ dt m ax) ;并采血检测肌钙蛋白 I( Tn I) ,设术后 0、1、2、3和 4共 5个时间点。结果 脓毒症组动物CL P术后 1h即出现 L VSP、 dp/ dt max、 dp/ dt m ax较基础值均明显下降 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,且随着时间的发展有进一步下降趋势 ;血清 Tn I水平均明显升高 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,且随着时间的发展进一步升高。而对照组无明显变化。结论 兔脓毒症早期即有心肌损害 ,表现为心肌收缩和舒张功能均下降 相似文献
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我国水源型高碘地区水碘形态的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 研究我国水源型高碘地区水中碘的存在形态。 方法 采集部分高碘地区的水样,采用碘-淀粉分光光度法和高效液相色谱等离子体质谱法鉴别水中碘的形态和测定水碘含量。 结果 在172份水样中,161份以碘离子(混含少量的碘分子)形态存在,10份以碘酸根和碘离子混合形态存在,1份以单纯的碘酸根形态存在。 结论 我国高碘地区存在碘离子和碘酸根两种形态的高碘水源,碘离子是主要存在形态,其次是碘离子和碘酸根共存形态,单纯的碘酸根形态较少。在碘离子和碘酸根共存的水源中,碘酸根为主要形态。尚未发现以高碘酸根形态存在的水源。 相似文献
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目的 了解上海市嘉定区社区卫生服务中心门/急诊伤害发生状况,为伤害干预提供参考依据。
方法 以上海市嘉定区13家社区卫生服务中心作为伤害监测点医院,对2008年10月1日至2009年9月30 日到医院门诊就诊并被诊断为伤害的首诊患者作为研究对象。
结果 共报告伤害病例17 391例,男女性别比为2.27 ∶ 1;伤害病例以15~39岁年龄组最多(50.55%);本区户籍占44.67%,外地户籍占55.33%;7月发生的伤害人数最多(12.12%),发生时间多在08:11-16:37;以非故意伤害和轻度伤害为主;前5位伤害发生原因是物体/器具的机械性作用(66.28%)、跌倒/坠落(22.07%)、非机动车交通事故(6.47%)、机动车交通事故(1.86%)、烫伤(1.59%)。
结论 物体/器具的机械性作用、跌倒/坠落、交通事故为优先防治的伤害种类,应重视外来人口的伤害干预。 相似文献
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Trends in Nursing Education in China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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Despite the fact that the heart requires huge amounts of energy to sustain contractile function, it has limited energy reserves and must therefore continually produce large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to sustain function. Fatty acids are the primary energy substrate of the adult heart, with more than 60% of the energy normally obtained from the oxidation of fatty acids, the remainder coming from the metabolism of carbohydrates. Alterations in both the rates of ATP production and the type of energy substrate used by the heart can have consequences on contractile function, as well as on its ability to respond to energetic stresses. Switches in myocardial substrate utilization and energy production rates have been shown to occur in various cardiomyopathies, as well as in any subsequent heart failure. Heart failure is characterized by an inefficient pumping of the heart, which fails to meet the energy requirements of the body. A number of cardiomyopathies can lead to heart failure. This paper will review the alterations in energy metabolism that occur in a number cardiomyopathies, including ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathies, as well as hypertrophic cardiomyopathies resulting from mutations in enzymes involved in energy metabolism, such as 5′adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). 相似文献
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Susan Kools PhD RN Susan Kools PhD RN 《Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing》1999,12(4):139-152
PROBLEM: Adolescents in long-term foster care experience significant health and mental health problems. Little is known about their perceptions of the impact of foster care. METHOD: Seventeen adolescents were interviewed in their foster group homes. Dimensional analysis was used to develop theory on the impact of foster care. FINDINGS: Adolescents in foster care engaged in self-protection strategies secondary to experiences of devaluation and uncertainty in foster care, including guarding foster child status, maintaining a defensive posture, distancing self, and keeping relationships superficial. Self-protection resulted in a veneer of self-reliance and social detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies are suggested to address devaluing experiences and promote positive identity development in foster care. 相似文献
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论护理工作中的“慎独”与“慎众” 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
"慎独"一词出自《礼记·中庸》中"莫见乎隐,莫显乎微,故君子慎其独也"。即当君子独处,无人监督的时候,总是小心谨慎地不做任何不道德的事情。"慎众"则是指在许多人违反原则时,君子却不随波逐流,不盲目 相似文献
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Schoonderwoerd BA Van Gelder IC Tieleman RG Bel KJ Crijns HJ 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2002,25(3):287-290
It is well known that atrial tachycardia causes atrial electrical remodeling, characterized by shortening of atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs) and loss of physiological adaptation of AERP to rate. However, the nature and time course of changes in ventricular effective refractory periods (VERP) caused by rapid rates are to be established. After being instrumented with epicardial electrodes on both atria and both ventricles nine goats were subjected to 1 week of rapid AV pacing with a rate of 240 beats/min and an AV delay of 100 ms. Pacing was only interrupted for measurement of left and right AERPs and VERPs at three basic cycle lengths (BCL) of 400 ms, 300 ms, and 200 ms during sinus rhythm in the conscious animal. Left and right AERPs decreased at all BCLs, reaching minimum values after 3 days (right AERP at BCL of 400 ms, 96 +/- 16 ms after 3 days vs 144 +/- 16 ms at baseline, P < 0.05). In contrast, both left and right VERPs did not change at any BCL. This study demonstrates a difference between the atria and ventricles with respect to tachycardia induced changes in refractoriness. 相似文献
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Y Miyamoto M Nakatani M Ida T Ishikawa N Okazawa M Ariizumi F Tsujimoto K Mizunuma Y Fukuda S Tada 《Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU》1989,17(5):309-318
Ultrasonography was performed in 45 cases of gastric cancer. Specimens from all 45 cases of gastric cancer were subjects to ultrasonographic study by the water immersion method for comparison with histology. In 32 of these 45 cases in vivo ultrasonographic evaluation was performed prospectively. The overall accuracy rates for the diagnosis of the depth of cancerous invasion were almost 80% in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo ultrasonographic findings agreed well with those from the specimen studies. Ultrasonography was considered to be useful in the diagnosis of gastric malignancies. 相似文献