冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平变化的临床特点

目的研究冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平变化的临床特点.方法采用高压液相色谱法测定209例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和101例正常人(正常对照组)血浆Hcy水平.结果冠心病组血浆Hcy水平(23.42±26.87μmol/L)明显高于正常对照组(14.98±13.05μmol/L),有非常显著差异(P＜0.001),高Hcy血症所占比例(47.5%)高于正常对照组(20.6%),有非常显著差异(P＜0.001).冠心病组男性血浆总Hcy水平(24.85±28.38μmol/L)高于正常对照组男性(15.54±12.85μmnol/L),有非常显著差异(P＜0.001),而在冠心病女性(13.33±4.88μmnol/L)和正常对照组女性(13.23±13.75μmol/L)之间没有差异.并且,急性心肌梗塞患者血浆总Hcy水平明显高于心绞痛患者,零支、单支、双支、三支血管有病变者血浆总Hcy水平呈逐级上升趋势.结论我国冠心病患者血浆总Hcy水平明显升高,高Hcy血症所占比例较大,而Hcy对冠心病患者的影响主要在男性可能更明显.     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与2型糖尿病慢性并发症的关系

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平与慢性并发症的关系。　方法　应用高效液相色谱仪和荧光检测仪测定 2 16例 2型糖尿病患者和 89名正常对照者的血浆总同型半胱氨酸 (tHcy)水平 ,分析患者组血浆tHcy水平与慢性并发症之间的关系。 　结果　 (1)患者组血浆tHcy水平高于正常对照组 [(16 .0± 6 .3) μmol/Lvs (11.7± 2 .2 ) μmol/L ,P <0 .0 1];患者组中35 %存在高Hcy血症 (tHcy >16 .2 μmol/L) ,而正常对照组仅 7% (P <0 .0 1)。 (2 )患者组中的高Hcy组 [n =75 ,tHcy为 (2 3.7± 7.4 ) μmol/L]其慢性并发症的发生率为 6 7% ,而正常Hcy组 [n =14 1,tHcy为 (11.6± 2 .5 ) μmol/L]为 4 0 % (P <0 .0 1)。高Hcy组中高血压、冠心病、脑血管病变、下肢血管病变及肾病的发生率均高于正常Hcy组 ,其中以冠心病发生率差异尤为显著 (43%vs 2 3% ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,而视网膜病变及神经病变的发生率则无明显差异。 (3)相关分析显示 ,2型糖尿病患者血浆tHcy水平与年龄、尿白蛋白排泄率呈正相关 (r =0 .36 ,P =0 .0 0 0 9;r =0 .2 7,P =0 .0 184 ) ,与肌酐清除率、血叶酸水平呈负相关 (r =- 0 .5 3,P =0 .0 0 0 3;r =- 0 .2 5 ,P =0 .0 137)。　结论　高Hcy血症与 2型糖尿病的大血管病变及肾脏病变     

同型半胱氨酸与2型糖尿病合并早期肾病的关系

目的　探讨同型半胱氨酸 (Homocysteine,Hcy)与 2型糖尿病病人合并早期糖尿病肾病的关系。方法　应用高效液相色谱分析法测定 6 7例 2型糖尿病病人和 4 7例正常人的血浆 Hcy水平 ,并同步检测可溶性血栓调节蛋白(s TM)、叶酸和维生素 B1 2 。结果　 2型糖尿病病人血浆 Hcy水平明显高于对照人群 (15 .2 7± 6 .0 4 μmol/L vs12 .10± 1.86 μmol/L;P<0 .0 1) ,而合并早期糖尿病肾病的血浆 Hcy水平又高于无糖尿病肾病患者 (17.86± 8.0 4 μmol/L vs13.83± 4 .0 0 μmol/L;P<0 .0 1) ;存在高 Hcy血症的糖尿病病人 ,其早期糖尿病肾病发生率明显高于无高 Hcy血症患者(5 2 .0 % vs2 6 .2 % ;P<0 .0 5 ) ,且前者存在着较高水平的 s TM(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　高 Hcy血症与 2型糖尿病早期肾病的发病有关 ,其机制可能是通过血管内皮损伤所致     

系统性红斑狼疮与高同型半胱氨酸血症的临床研究

目的　观察系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)患者血浆中同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平 ,分析影响Hcy的因素和某些心血管因素的变化。 方法　测定 2 7例SLE和 31名正常对照的Hcy、维生素B12 、叶酸、C反应蛋白 (CRP)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (oxLDL)、一氧化氮 (NO)、丙二醛 (MDA)的水平和亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶 (MTHFR)基因 6 77位的多态性。结果　①SLE组Hcy水平明显较对照组高 ,其差异有显著性 [SLE组 (19± 7) μmol/L ,对照组 (12± 4 ) μmol/L ,P <0 0 0 1];②Hcy与维生素B12 、叶酸呈负相关 ,相关系数分别为 - 0 76 7和 - 0 6 7,P <0 0 0 0 1;③MTHFR基因 6 77位CT的突变使Hcy水平升高 [CC型 (12 8± 6 2 ) μmol/L ,CT型 (16 0± 2 1) μmol/L ,TT型 (18 9± 5 7) μmol/L ,P<0 0 0 1];TT基因型是高Hcy血症的易感基因 ,相对危险度 (RR) =31 4 9,P <0 0 5 ;TT基因型是SLE的易感基因 ,RR =6 913,P <0 0 5 ;④Hcy水平与NO、MDA、oxLDL呈正相关 ,并与CRP呈正相关。结论　①SLE患者普遍有高Hcy血症。②导致高Hcy血症的原因包括叶酸、维生素B12 的水平降低和MTHFR基因的突变 ,TT型基因是Hcy异常升高的易感基因。③TT型基因也是SLE的易感基因。④高Hcy血症可能通过损伤血管内皮 ,大量产生氧自由基 ,加速低密度     

73例老年慢性心脑血管病患者血清同型半胱氨酸含量的测定

目的　探讨老年慢性心脑血管病患者血清同型半胱氨酸 (Homocysteine ,Hcy)水平与冠心病及缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法　 6 0岁以上的老年慢性心脑血管病患者 73例 ,其中冠心病 38例 ,缺血性脑血管病 35例。 33名健康老年人作为对照组。对所有研究对象进行临床病史询问及全面体检 ,空腹取血检测血糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、Hcy、叶酸和维生素B12 。结果　冠心病患者的Hcy平均含量为 (17.6 6± 5 .88) μmol/L ,缺血性脑血管病患者为 (16 .89±9.2 1) μmol/L ,均较对照组的 (14.36± 5 .87) μmol/L高 ,血清Hcy与叶酸水平呈负相关。 结论　老年慢性冠心病、缺血性脑血管病患者的血清同型半胱氨酸含量较正常老年人高。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征老年患者血管内皮功能变化及其与冠心病的关系

目的　探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)患者血管内皮功能变化与冠心病 (CHD)的内在联系。方法　随机选择 31例无OSAS、无心血管疾病的老年单纯鼾症者为对照组 ,4 5例老年中、重度OSAS患者为OSAS组 ,OSAS组内又分为有CHD(16例 )和无CHD(2 9例 )两个亚组。测定和比较组间的血浆一氧化氮 (NO)、内皮素 (ET)及其比值的动态变化及OSAS组内CHD有无的区别。结果　与对照组相比 ,OSAS组患者的NO水平明显降低〔(2 7.6 9± 9.17)vs(6 1.90± 13.4 7) μmol/L〕 ,ET水平明显增高〔(5 8.0 8± 14 .2 1)vs (34.77± 8.2 3)ng/L〕 ,NO/ET比值明显下降〔(0 .4 7± 0 .18)vs (1.72± 0 .97) ,均P <0 .0 1)〕。CHD的发生率在OSAS组达 35 .6 %。与对照组相比 ,OSAS组中不伴CHD者降低的NO水平 (35 .5 3± 9.39) μmol/L、升高的ET水平 (47.78± 11.13)ng/L和下降的NO/ET比值 (0 .75± 0 .13)已有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;伴有CHD者的NO水平 (2 2 .17± 8.76 )μmol/L、ET水平 (6 9.14± 12 .17)ng/L和NO/ET比值 (0 .32± 0 .14 )较对照组相差更为明显 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　OSAS老年患者存在明显的血管内皮功能障碍 ,尤以CHD者为甚 ,血管内皮功能损伤可能是OSAS患者并发CHD的原因     

国人血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平与冠心病关联

目的 探讨血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平升高是否增加国人冠心病(CHD)的危险。方法 分析1698例经冠状动脉造影确诊的CHD患者、302例冠状动脉造影阴性者及500名健康人的血浆总同型半胱氨酸、血脂及血糖水平与CHD及其它危险因素的关系。结果:(1)CHD组男女患者的血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平及异常检出率(％)[男:16.43±1.60μmol/L,(51.3％);女:14.38±11.51μmol/L,(39.3％]均明显高于冠造阴性组(男:13.70±1.49μmol/L,(34.1％);女:12.27±1.39μL,(22.0％)及健康对照组(男:12.37±1.32μmol/L,(24.7％);女:10.65±1.31μmol/L,(10.0％),且急性心肌梗死组>陈旧性心肌梗死组>心绞痛组(P<0.001)同时,CHD组患者的吸烟、冠心病家族史、高血压及糖尿病的百分率和总胆固醇、LDL-C水平等亦明显高于,而HDL-C水平却明显低于健康对照组及冠造阴性组(P<0.01)。(2)各组男性总同型半胱氨酸水平及异常检出率(％)均高于女性;男性CHD患者的高同型半胱氨酸血症患病率和同型半胱氨酸中、重度增高率分别是女性的1.31和1.56倍(P<0.001);且男性健康者及女性CHD患者的总同型半胱氨酸水平与年龄之间有明显正相关性(r=0.258,P<0.001 andr=0.129,P<0.05)。(3)CHD组高同型半胱氨酸血症患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平(22.68±1.50μmol/L,)亦明显     

血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的　观察空腹血浆总同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平与 2型糖尿病视网膜病变发生发展的关系。方法　研究对象为 5 5例 2型糖尿病 (DM)和 19例 (男 12例 ,女 7例 )非DM健康对照者 (CON)。DM组分为两个亚组 :无微血管并发症 (NDC)组 39例 (男 17例 ,女 2 2例 ) ,糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)组16例 (男 8例 ,女 8例 )。所有患者肾功能和尿白蛋白 /肌酐 (Alb/Cr)均正常。根据眼底荧光造影判断视网膜病变的严重程度。应用高效液相 反相色谱分析和荧光检测的方法测定空腹血浆总Hcy水平。结果　DR组、NDC组和CON组间的血浆总Hcy浓度差异有显著性 (F =2 4 0 5 ,P =0 0 31) ,DR组血浆总Hcy水平 [(14 7± 5 2 8) μmol/L]显著高于NDC组 [(11 3± 4 94) μmol/L]和CON组 [(9 6 5± 2 6 6 )μmol/L]。NDC组与CON组比较差异无显著性。在DR组 ,增殖性视网膜病变 (PDR)亚组总Hcy水平显著高于背景性视网膜病变 (BDR)亚组 (t=2 4 0 5 ,P =0 0 31)。本研究中 ,总Hcy超过 14 97μmol/L即为高同型半胱氨酸血症 ,其中PDR亚组有 4例 ,BDR亚组为 1例。结论　伴视网膜病变的 2型DM患者血浆总Hcy水平高于正常人 ,其中PDR组的血浆总Hcy浓度高于BDR组。空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸水平可能是 2型糖尿病视网膜病变的重要危险因素之一。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与冠脉病变的关系

目的　了解血清同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平与冠脉病变的关系。方法　用断面调查的方法收集经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者 10 2例、非冠心病患者 5 2例 ,用高效液相色谱测定血清Hcy水平。 结果　冠脉病变与男性、吸烟、糖尿病及血清Hcy升高明显相关 ;冠心病组患者Hcy水平 [(19 6 8± 10 0 5 ) μmol/L]明显高于非冠心病组[(11 33± 4 17) μmol/L],P <0 0 1。冠心病合并糖尿病组冠脉病变程度较对照组明显严重。多元Logistic回归分析证实Hcy和糖尿病的比势比 (OR)均大于 1,并有显著差异。用前进法观察偏回归系数证实这两个因素是冠脉病变的独立危险因素。结论　血清Hcy升高和罹患糖尿病是导致冠脉病变的重要而各自独立的危险因素。     

同型半胱氨酸与冠心病的相关性及其机制探讨

目的　探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸 (HCY)与冠心病 (CHD)的相关性、与CHD传统危险因素的关系及其致CHD的机制。方法　分别测定CHD患者 (10 5例 )及对照组 (32例 )血中HCY、内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)水平及血脂各参数。结果　CHD组高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHCY)的发生率明显高于对照组 (49 5 %比 9 4 % ,P <0 0 1) ,CHD组HCY水平明显高于对照组[(15 2 9± 5 14 ) μmol L比 (10 6 6± 2 78) μmol L ,P <0 0 1]。多元回归分析显示HCY对CHD的相对危险度 (RR)为 1 397(95 %可信区间 :1 137～ 1 6 4 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,表明HCY为CHD的独立危险因素。HCY与年龄、甘油三酯有关 (P <0 0 5 )。HCY与ET呈正相关 (P <0 0 1) ,而与NO、NOS呈负相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论　HHCY是CHD的独立危险因素。HCY可能损伤血管内皮细胞 ,使血管内皮功能失调。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.