精神分裂症有无家族史患者的血液流变学比较

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者有无家族史血液流变学特征。方法：对150例精神分裂症按一级亲属家族史阳性,二、三级亲属家族史阳性,家族史阴性分为三组,比较其血液流变学差异,并与70名健康人对照,结果：精神分裂症患者与健康人相比呈显著的高粘滞血症,阴性家族史患者的全血粘度、血浆粘度,低切还原粘度及纤维蛋白质显著高于一级亲属家族史阳性患者（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;全血粘度显著高于二、三级亲属家族史阳性患者（P＜0．01）,一级与二、三级亲属家属史阳性患者血液流变学指标比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：精神分裂症患者血液流变学改变与家族史有关。     

精神分裂症不同亚型患者的血液流 变学实验研究

目的探讨精神分裂症不同亚型血液流变学特点及差异。方法对１４０例精神分裂症患者进行血液流变学检测,与６０例健康人对照,并按阴阳性症状分型相互比较。结果精神分裂症患者全血粘度、刚性指数、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原、电泳率均显著高于健康对照。红细胞电泳时间、脑血流量显著低于健康对照。精神分裂症阳性症状为主型全血粘度、低切还原粘度显著高于混合型,混合型显著高于阴性症状为主型。刚性指数、红细胞聚集指数阳性症状为主型和混合型显著高于阴性症状为主型,但阳性症状为主型与混合型差异无显著性。结论血液流变学性质作为精神分裂症的生物学指标,其变化在一定程度上与阴阳性症状分型有关     

精神分裂症患者血液流变学的病情分组研究

目的探讨不同病情精神分裂症患者血液流变学差异,并了解血液流变学改变与病情的关系。方法 对126例符合CCMD—2—R的精神分裂症病人进行BPRS评定和血液流变学检测,并依BPRS总分的均数±1/2标准差进行病情分组比较血液流变学差异,同时与60名健康人对比。结果 精神分裂症者与健康人相比呈显著的高粘血症;病情重度组的全血粘度、刚性指数、红细胞聚集指数、血小板粘附率、低切还原粘度和纤维蛋白原显著高于病情轻度组;BPRS总分及焦虑忧郁因子分与全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血小板粘附率、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原呈显著正相关关系。结论 精神分裂症的血液流变学改变在一定程度上反映病情的变化。     

抑郁症血液流变学的研究

目的：探讨抑郁症患者血液流变学的改变及其与血脂及皮质醇之间可能的联系。方法：对４２例抑郁症患者及４０例正常对照者的血液流变学指标，包括血液表观粘度（ｂ）、血浆粘度（ｐ）及红细胞压积（Ｈｃｔ）等，以及血清总胆固醇（Ｔｃｈ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）血浆皮质醇（Ｃｏｒ）进行测定。结果：抑郁症患者ｐ、Ｈｃｔ及Ｃｏｒ显著高于正常对照，ｂ及Ｔｃｈ显著低于正常对照，且ｐ与Ｔｃｈ及Ｃｏｒ之间无相关性。结论：抑郁症患者存在血液高粘滞综合征，但Ｔｃｈ及Ｃｏｒ对ｐ的升高无明显影响     

分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的血液流变学研究

为探讨分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的血液流变学改变,对25例分裂样精神病、115例精神分裂症及60例健康人做血液流变学检测的前瞻性研究。结果,无论分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的全血粘度、刚性指数、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原、电泳率都显高于正常人。分裂样精神病与精神分裂症比较,除全血粘度（101/s）、血浆压积的改变存在一定程度上的差异,以及前的血小板粘附率高于后外,其余各项指征相似,说明分裂样精神病与精神分裂症具有相似的血液流变学改变,从一个侧面提示两可能是同源性疾病。     

女性精神疾病患者血浆抗心磷脂抗体及血粘度的临床意义

目的：探讨女性精神分裂症，抑郁症患者血浆抗心磷脂抗体（anticardiolipin antibodies,ACA)及血液粘度的变化及其临床意义。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附法对46例精神分裂症，24例抑郁症患者进行血浆ACA及血液流变学测定，并与对照组比较。结果：两组患者的ACA及低还原比粘度均显著高于对照组。结论：ACA及血粘度在精神分裂症及抑郁症的发病过程中，呈现出高水平表现，提示该两组患者有缺血现象。     

精神分裂症患者的血液流变学与正常人的对照分析

精神分裂症患者的血液流变学与正常人的对照分析东风汽车公司茅箭医院（４４２０１２）精神科姜学军检验科杨玉声精神分裂症的病因及病理机制尚不十分明确。为探索精神分裂症的血液流变学特性，通过２９例精神分裂症患者血液流变学检测结果，与我院体检的健康正常人中条件...     

慢性精神分裂症患者血液流变学指标的变化及其影响因素

目的为探讨慢性精神分裂症患者的血液流变学指标变化及其影响因素。方法采用锥板式粘度计对85例慢性精神分裂症患者(研究组)及80例健康人(对照组)进行血液流变学指标的检测。结果研究组的全血比低切粘度、全血比高切粘度、血浆粘度明显高于对照组,红细胞压积两组无显著性差异。研究组患者的血液流变学指标不随用药品种、剂量及病程变化而变化。结论慢性精神分裂症患者血液流变学指标高于健康人,并呈现稳定的状态,应引起临床医师重视。     

不同病程精神分裂症的血液流变学改变

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的血液流变学改变。方法对１４０例精神分裂症（包括分裂样精神病），６０例健康人做血液流变学的前瞻性研究。结果精神分裂症的全血粘度、刚性指数、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原、电泳率显著高于健康人；红细胞电泳时间、脑血流量显著低于健康人。病程短者的血小板粘附率增高明显；病程长者全血粘度及电泳率增高亦明显。结论血液流变学的性质改变有助于精神分裂症的诊断及估计转归     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症患者血液流变学变异分析

目的:调查住院期间精神分裂症患者使用奥氮平治疗前后血液流变学的指标变化情况.方法:分别于治疗前,使用奥氮平治疗4、8及12周对80例住院的精神分裂症患者的血液流变学进行测定.检测指标包括:全血比低切粘度、全血比高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积,并对上述指标进行比较分析.结果:全血比低切粘度、全血比高切粘度、血浆粘度在治疗第4、8及12周与治疗前相比,均呈下降趋势,尤其是在治疗第8、12周显著下降(P＜0.01),而红细胞压积的变化无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:血液流变学指标检测可作为精神分裂症的辅助检验项目,也可用作评价其疗效的参考指标.     

术前匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响

目的 探讨术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响。方法 选取27例拟行间接颅内外血管重建术的烟雾病患者,于入院第二天取空腹血液行血液流变学检查为对照组,并在拟行手术前一天晚上开始禁饮、禁食后予以静脉匀速补液至入手术室前并再次采血行血液流变学检查为实验组;对比两组之间的全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数。结果 对照组的血液粘度指标中的全血低切粘度、红细胞压积及红细胞变形指标中的红细胞聚集指数均高于实验组,而对照组红细胞变形指标中的红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数低于实验组,均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液能够降低烟雾病患者血液粘度并提高红细胞的变形性。     

术前匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响

目的探讨术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响。方法选取27例拟行间接颅内外血管重建术的烟雾病患者,于入院第二天取空腹血液行血液流变学检查为对照组,并在拟行手术前一天晚上开始禁饮、禁食后予以静脉匀速补液至入手术室前并再次采血行血液流变学检查为实验组;对比两组之间的全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数。结果对照组的血液粘度指标中的全血低切粘度、红细胞压积及红细胞变形指标中的红细胞聚集指数均高于实验组,而对照组红细胞变形指标中的红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数低于实验组,均有统计学差异(P 0.05)。结论术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液能够降低烟雾病患者血液粘度并提高红细胞的变形性。     

Hemorheological factors in cerebral ischemia.

We investigated 100 consecutive cerebral ischemia patients for hemorheological alterations. We measured whole and adjusted blood viscosity at 75 and 1,500 sec-1, plasma viscosity, red blood cell aggregation by the zeta sedimentation ratio, and red blood cell deformability using the centrifugal deformability technique. Patients were studied within 72 hours of the acute ischemic event, and 66 were available for follow-up evaluation approximately 2 months later. Two age- and sex-matched control groups were evaluated: 20 nonvascular neurological inpatients (patient controls) and 45 normal volunteers (normal controls). Compared with normal controls, we found significant acute increases in whole blood viscosity (1,500 sec-1), plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration, and zeta sedimentation ratio; the latter two variables were also increased at follow-up. Fibrinogen concentration was significantly associated with zeta sedimentation ratio and plasma viscosity and was increased for patient controls. There was a trend toward normalization of acute abnormalities over the 2-month follow-up period, and patients with more severe strokes tended to have more extensive hemorheological abnormalities. Among patients with severe stroke, fibrinogen concentration was significantly associated with the platelet activation peptide beta-thromboglobulin acutely (r = 0.63, p less than 0.005). We conclude that hemorheological abnormalities in cerebral ischemia are largely nonspecific findings, with the likely exception of patients with severe stroke.     

Cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia

The regional cerebral blood flow of 27 young (mean age 24 years) schizophrenic patients was measured using the intravenous 133Xe method. The results were compared with those obtained from a group of age- and sex-matched control subjects. The main findings of the study were as follows: (a) the gray matter mean values of cerebral blood flow for both hemispheres were slightly but significantly lower in the schizophrenic group, and the statistical variance was significantly greater in the patients than in the control group; (b) the mean value for each hemisphere was found to be significantly lower for the right hemisphere; (c) the physiological hyperfrontal patterns of cerebral blood flow were identical in patients and controls; (d) visual hallucinations were associated with a reduction of regional cerebral blood flow in the temporo-occipital regions; and (e) antipsychotic medication did not appear to influence gray matter cerebral blood flow.     

MRI changes in schizophrenia in late life: a preliminary controlled study

The aim of this pilot study was to compare cerebral changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in elderly schizophrenic subjects with those in psychiatric and normal control subjects. We compared the MRIs of 19 subjects with schizophrenia, 19 age- and gender-matched subjects with recurrent major depression, and 19 age- and gender-matched nonpsychiatric control subjects. Deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) in right posterior regions were significantly more prominent in the schizophrenic group than in the two comparison groups. Total ratings of MRI abnormalities were significantly related to age in both the normal control and schizophrenic groups, but not in the depressive group. Age of onset was positively associated with total ratings in the depressive group, but not in the schizophrenic group. Thus, a subset of elderly patients with schizophrenia appear to have cerebral white matter abnormalities; such abnormalities may not be confined to lage-onset schizophrenia. Systematic MRI studies of early- and late-onset schizophrenia in late life are needed to resolve this question.     

Elevated Cellular Immune Response to Human Heat-Shock Protein-60 in Schizophrenic Patients

Heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) is implicated in several autoimmune diseases as a triggering antigen. Based on the autoimmune hypothesis of schizophrenia, we examined cellular and humoral responses against HSP60 and a series of its peptide fragments with peripheral blood samples of schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects each of group size between 12 to 32 participants. The average stimulation indices of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to HSP60 were 3.17 ± 0.36 (mean ± SE) for schizophrenic patients and 2.23 ± 0.24 (mean ± SE) for healthy subjects, with a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.0457). In parallel, 38 synthetic peptide fragments of HSP60, each of 18–21 amino acids, were tested for in vitro sensitization of PBMC. With one peptide (p32) the average stimulation index of PBMC from schizophrenic patients was significantly higher than that obtained for PBMC of control subjects (P = 0.0006). Comparing the cellular immune response to p32 between patients who were distinctive responders (n = 10) or non-responders (n = 10) to neuroleptic treatment indicated a similar elevation of cellular response in these groups. Antibodies against HSP60 were screened by dot-blot and ELISA in the sera of the above blood samples. Titers of IgG and IgM against HSP60 were found to be of similar magnitude in schizophrenic patients and in controls. Titers of IgA against HSP60 were somewhat higher in the sera of schizophrenic patients in comparison to sera of control subjects (P = 0.0605). Received: 26 November 1998 / Accepted: 10 July 1999     

A prospective trial of hemodilution therapy in acute cerebral infarction]

Ninety two 50-year-old-or-more patients with acute (less than 72 hours) cerebral infarction involved middle cerebral artery region and hematocrit of 40% or more were prospectively randomised to either hemodilution group (by rapid venesection, venous infusion of autologous plasma and 500 ml dextran 40) or standard therapy group. Effects of hemodilution on acute cerebral infarction were evaluated by clinically neurological deficit scores, hemorheological parameters and size of infarction. The results of our clinical trial are: 1. Clinical efficacy of hemodiluted patients is significantly superior to that of standard treatment patients. Effective rates are 63.04% and 41.30% respectively (P less than 0.05). 2. At 48th hour after hemodilution there are profound decreases in hematocrit, blood viscosity at high shear rate and blood viscosity at low shear rate. These changes last more than four weeks. Whereas in standard group, hemorheological parameters do not evidently change. 3. Sizes of cerebral infarction do not distinctly change in both groups between at entry and at the fourth weekend after treatment.     

Hemorheological changes dependent on the time from the onset of ischemic stroke

This work aimed at estimation and comparison of chosen rheological parameters of blood in two group of patients in acute and remote stroke phase. The analysis included the values of shear stress, plasma viscosity, relative blood viscosity, hematocrit value and the parameters of rheological Quemada model of blood flow. The main two groups (30 persons each) consisted of patients after cerebral ischemic episode, remaining under permanent medical control, the first one in the acute and the second in the remote phase. The reference group (20 persons) included the patients who never suffered from any circulatory system disorders and who did not take any drugs affecting the hemorheological parameters. The results suggest that after a distinct increase of most of the hemorheological parameters in the acute stroke phase, a gradual improvement was observed in the remote phase. Since in the latter group the plasma viscosity remained on elevated level, we suggest a creation of a specific feedback mechanism leading to a decrease of the blood viscosity and thus better perfusion of brain. The analysis of Quemada model parameters indicates that the decrease of blood viscosity may result from the increased red cell deformability.     

Effects of aging on the morphologies of Heschl's gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia: a postmortem study

The etiology of schizophrenia has been proposed to be neurodevelopmental based on neuroimaging and molecular biological studies. If there is neuronal vulnerability based on neurodevelopment failures in schizophrenic brains, then the impact of aging may have a greater effect on schizophrenic brains than on normal brains. To determine the impact of aging on schizophrenic brains, we investigated the age-related morphological changes of the cross-sectional area of the gray matter (GM) in the left Heschl's gyrus (HG) and the left superior gyrus (STG) in 22 schizophrenic and 24 age- and sex-matched normal control postmortem brains two-dimensionally. The subject groups were divided into younger groups (30-54years of age) and older groups (65-84years of age) on the basis of age at death. Both in schizophrenic and control subjects, the GM area in HG and the STG was significantly smaller in the older group than in the younger group, however, no significant differences were observed between the schizophrenic and control subjects. In the STG, the cross-sectional area of the white matter (WM) was also measured. In the older group, the ratio of the GM area to the WM area in the STG was significantly larger in schizophrenic subjects than controls, although there was no significant difference between the schizophrenic and control subjects in the younger group. These findings indicate that the impact of aging has a greater effect on the WM in the STG in schizophrenic subjects than in normal individuals, although the pathological basis is still unclear.