18F-FDG PET显像诊断原发性鼻咽癌的价值

目的　探讨18F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像对原发性鼻咽癌的诊断价值。方法　对 51例受检者行18F FDGPET显像 ,其中 3 1例行病理组织学检查 ,最后诊断根据病理组织学检查结果和临床随访。结果　18F FDGPET显像诊断原发性鼻咽癌的灵敏度为 96.0 0 % ,特异性为 76 92 % ,阳性预测值为 80 .0 0 % ,阴性预测值为 95 2 4% ,准确性为 86 2 7%。鼻咽癌、鼻咽炎症和无鼻咽病变组标准摄取值 (SUV)均值比较 ,3组间差异有显著性 (F =2 1 3 0 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　18F FDGPET显像诊断原发性鼻咽癌具有高灵敏度和高阴性预测值     

18F-FDG PET/CT在鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移分期中的作用

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在鼻咽癌患者颈部淋巴结转移分期中的作用.方法 按前瞻性设计研究方案,纳入2009年3月至2010年11月病理确诊为鼻咽癌的初治患者62例,其中男48例,女14例,中位年龄43岁.患者放疗前1周内行CT或MRI检查并进行AJCC分期,然后行18FFDG PET/CT检查后再次分期.以治疗后随访6个月以上结果为标准,评价2种检查方法进行N分期的准确性.分析PET/CT N分期对治疗方案的影响,并计算Kappa值,进行一致性检验,率的比较采用x2检验.结果 62例患者中,N0 9例,N1 16例,N2 24例,N3 13例.18F-FDG PET/CT N分期准确性为96.8％(60/62),与实际N分期一致性检验Kappa值为0.955;CT或MRI N分期准确性为72.7％(45/62),Kappa值为0.607.30.6％(19/62)患者PET/CT与CT或MRI N分期不一致,随访证实PET/CT正确改变了27.4％(17/62)患者的N分期;其中l例从N0提高至N2,由根治性放疗改为放化疗综合治疗,另16例改变了转移淋巴结GTV的勾画和照射剂量.PET/CT咽后淋巴结检出率为54.8％(34/62),其灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为80.0％ (20/25)、94.4％(17/18)和86.0％(37/43).比较43例同时有MRI和PET/CT检查结果的患者资料,两者对咽后淋巴结的检出率分别为60.5％(26/43)和55.8％ (24/43),差异无统计学意义(x2=2.000,P＞0.05).结论 18F-FDGPET/CT较常规CT或MRI对鼻咽癌N分期的准确性高,且能较好地显示咽后淋巴结,在定性较小淋巴结方面有一定优势.     

Whole-body 18F-FDG PET in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the sensitivity and prognostic significance of whole-body (18)F-FDG PET for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients for whom there was a suspicion of recurrence or metastasis by conventional radiologic or clinical findings during their follow-up examinations. METHODS: Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET examinations were performed on 64 Taiwanese NPC patients (14 female, 50 male; mean age +/- SD, 45.8 +/- 13.0 y; age range, 16-75 y) 4-70 mo (mean +/- SD, 14.1 +/- 13.5 mo) after radiotherapy or induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy from February 1997 to May 2001. The accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET detection for each patient was determined by the histopathologic results or other clinical evidence. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of (18)F-FDG PET images in the diagnosis of NPC recurrence or metastases and secondary primary cancers were 92%, 90%, 92%, 90%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of (18)F-FDG hypermetabolism was highly correlated with the survival time of NPC patients. CONCLUSION: Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET is a sensitive follow-up diagnostic tool for the evaluation of NPC recurrences and metastases. It is also an effective prognostic indicator for NPC patients. To determine the optimized utilization of (18)F-FDG PET in the follow-up for NPC patients, further cost-effectiveness analysis of (18)F-FDG PET in combination with conventional management is necessary.     

FDG PET can replace bone scintigraphy in primary staging of malignant lymphoma.

Recent studies indicated that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET may be more accurate than CT in staging nodal and extranodal malignant lymphoma. The objective of this study was to compare conventional bone scintigraphy as an established skeletal staging procedure with PET using FDG in the detection of osseous involvement in malignant lymphoma. METHODS: Whole-body PET-based staging studies of 56 consecutive patients with proven Hodgkin's disease (n = 34) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 22) were compared with the results of bone scintigraphy. Positive PET or bone scintigraphic findings were confirmed, if possible, by biopsy, MRI, CT or radiographic investigations. RESULTS: Of the 56 patients studied, 12 were found to have skeletal involvement on both studies (PET, 30 regions; bone scintigraphy, 20 regions). Findings were confirmed in all 12 patients. FDG PET detected an additional 12 involved regions in 5 patients. This was subsequently verified in 3 patients, although the other 2 cases remained unresolved. Conversely, bone scintigraphy revealed five abnormalities compatible with lymphoma in 5 patients. Three of these lesions were found to be erroneous; final evaluation of the remaining two findings was not possible. CONCLUSION: FDG PET is suitable for identifying osseous involvement in malignant lymphoma with a high positive predictive value and is thereby more sensitive and specific than bone scintigraphy.     

18F-FDG PET显像在原发性胃癌中的应用

目的　探讨1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像在原发性胃癌中的应用价值。方法　 2 2例经组织病理学证实的原发性胃癌患者行1 8F FDGPET显像。图像分析采用视觉及半定量方法 [标准摄取值 (SUV) ],其中 2 1例与近期CT结果比较。结果　①PET检出原发性胃癌的灵敏度为 91% (2 0 2 2例 ) ,2例假阴性均为印戒细胞癌 ,原发肿瘤直径 <1cm (T1 期 )。② 17例手术患者中 ,胃局部淋巴结转移 10例 ,PET检出 6例 ,其灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为 6 0 %、10 0 %和 75 % ,CT仅检出 1例。③PET检出远处转移 9例 ,CT仅检出 5例。结论　1 8F FDGPET诊断原发性胃癌较为灵敏 ,检出胃癌局部淋巴结及远处转移可能优于CT。     

原发鼻咽淋巴瘤与鼻咽癌的18F-FDG PET/CT诊断与鉴别

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在鉴别诊断原发鼻咽淋巴瘤（PNL）与鼻咽癌（NPC）中的价值。 方法回顾性分析经病理证实、检查前未经过肿瘤治疗的33例PNL和71例NPC患者的PET/CT资料,对鼻咽部病变形态、范围、周围浸润、体积、SUV_max及淋巴结浸润或转移情况进行对比分析,另单独选取PNL中的弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）与NPC患者的鼻咽肿块体积、SUV_max进行比较。应用SPSS13.0软件进行独立样本t检验及四格表χ2检验。 结果33例PNL患者中20例病变呈弥漫性浸润鼻咽全壁（双侧对称14例、双侧不对称6例）,未完全浸润全壁13例（单侧7例、双侧6例）;71例NPC患者中10例呈弥漫性浸润鼻咽全壁（双侧对称4例、双侧不对称6例）,未完全浸润全壁61例（单侧39例、双侧22例）;PNL、NPC组累及全壁与不全、单侧与双侧、对称与不对称间差异均有统计学意义（χ2=23.75、10.38、16.74,均P < 0.001）。PNL、NPC病变患者局限于鼻咽壁者分别有26、17例,累及深部结构者分别有7、54例,两者间差异有统计学意义（χ2=27.94,P < 0.001）。PNL、NPC患者中,病变凸入鼻后孔的分别有21、24例,两者之间的差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.17,P < 0.05）。PNL、DLBCL和NPC患者鼻咽肿块体积分别为（3.70±5.53）×104、（5.05±6.89）×104、（2.06±2.31）×104 mm3,PNL、DLBCL患者与NPC患者鼻咽肿块体积之间的差异均无统计学意义（t=1.63、1.85,均P>0.05）。PNL、DLBCL、NPC患者肿块SUV_max分别为12.00±6.34、14.26±6.42、10.09±4.41,PNL患者与NPC患者间差异无统计学意义（t=1.55,P>0.05）,DLBCL患者与NPC患者间差异有统计学意义（t=2.67,P < 0.05）。PNL患者中26例伴有咽旁或颈部淋巴结浸润,NPC患者中51例伴有咽旁或颈部淋巴结转移,淋巴结SUV_max、最大者长径、短径及平均直径间差异均无统计学意义（t=0.79、1.37、2.03、1.71,均P>0.05）。26例伴有咽旁或颈部淋巴结浸润的PNL患者中3例可见轻度坏死,51例伴有咽旁或颈部淋巴结转移的NPC患者中31例可见坏死,两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.94,P < 0.001）。26例伴有咽旁或颈部淋巴结浸润的PNL患者中淋巴结融合5例,51例伴有咽旁或颈部淋巴结转移的NPC患者中淋巴结融合6例,两者间的差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.78,P>0.05）。 结论18F-FDG PET/CT在PNL及NPC鉴别诊断中具有一定价值。PET/CT主要通过病变形态、范围、深部结构浸润、淋巴结坏死等方面进行鉴别;不同病理亚型淋巴瘤可高于或低于NPC代谢,DLBCL代谢活性高于NPC;病变体积不能作为主要的鉴别诊断依据。     

18F-FDG PET显像用于鼻咽癌诊断及分期

目的 探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET显像在鼻咽癌诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析33例鼻咽癌患者的^18F-FDG PET显像效果。其中初诊患者4例，治疗后29例。行常规头颈部或全身^18F-FDG PET显像。结果 ①33例患者中，鼻咽部有恶性病灶（原发或复发病灶）者16例，PET灵敏度为100％，假阳性2例，特异性为88．3％，准确性为93．9％。与PET显像前的21例CT或MRI结果相比较，PET3检出鼻咽部恶性病灶10例，较CT或MRI多检出2例。②33例中22例有转移灶，PET检出20例（90．9％），较PET显像前的其他检查多检出5例；PET显像和PET显像前的其他检查皆有3例假阳性。在检出转移病灶数方面，PET显像多发现1处或多处转移灶有13例，PET显像少发现转移灶的2例。结论 ^18F-FDG PET显像灵敏、准确、全面，在鼻咽癌的诊断、早期复发灶及全身转移灶检出方面有重要价值。     

Synchronous primary neoplasms detected on 18F-FDG PET in staging of patients with esophageal cancer.

Because of improvements in diagnostic technology, the incidental detection of synchronous primary tumors during the preoperative work-up of patients with esophageal cancer has increased. The aim of this study was to determine the rate and clinical relevance of synchronous neoplasms seen on (18)F-FDG PET in staging of esophageal cancer. METHODS: From January 1996 to July 2004, 366 patients with biopsy-proven malignancy of the esophagus underwent (18)F-FDG PET for initial staging. This series of patients was retrospectively reviewed for the detection of synchronous primary neoplasms. RESULTS: Twenty synchronous primary neoplasms (5.5%) were identified in 366 patients. Eleven neoplasms were in the colorectum, 5 in the kidney, 2 in the thyroid gland, 1 in the lung, and 1 in the gingiva. One of the thyroid lesions and the lung lesion were erroneously interpreted as metastases, leading to incorrect upstaging of the esophageal tumor. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET detected unexpected synchronous primary neoplasms in 5.5% of patients with esophageal cancer. Sites of pathologic (18)F-FDG uptake should be confirmed by dedicated additional investigations before treatment, because synchronous neoplasms may mimic metastases.     

Staging of untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with PET/CT: comparison with conventional imaging work-up

Purpose  We prospectively compared PET/CT and conventional imaging for initial staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods  A total of 111 patients with histologically proven NPC were investigated with PET/CT and conventional imaging (head-and-neck MRI, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, and bone scan) before treatment. The respective findings were reviewed independently and then compared with each other. Results  With regard to T staging, PET/CT showed a discrepancy with head-and-neck MRI in 36 (32.4%) of the study subjects. With regard to N staging, PET/CT showed a discrepancy with head-and-neck MRI in 15 (13.5%) patients. Among the discordant cases, MRI was superior in demonstrating tumor involvement in the parapharyngeal space, skull base, intracranial area, sphenoid sinus, and retropharyngeal nodes while PET/CT was superior in demonstrating neck nodal metastasis. PET/CT disclosed 13 of 16 patients with distant malignancy compared with four patients disclosed by conventional imaging work-up. The false-positive rate of PET/CT was 18.8%. PET/CT correctly modified M staging in eight patients (7.2%) and disclosed a second primary lung malignancy in one patient (0.9%). Conclusion  In NPC patients, MRI appears to be superior to PET/CT for the assessment of locoregional invasion and retropharyngeal nodal metastasis. PET/CT is more accurate than MRI for determining cervical nodal metastasis and should be the better reference for the neck status. PET/CT has an acceptable diagnostic yield and a low false-positive rate for the detection of distant malignancy and can replace conventional work-up to this aim. PET/CT and head-and-neck MRI are suggested for the initial staging of NPC patients. An erratum to this article can be found at     

18F-FDG PET/CT for staging of penile cancer.

The value of PET or PET/CT with (18)F-FDG for the staging of penile cancer has yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of (18)F-FDG uptake in the primary malignancy and its metastases and to determine the diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the staging and restaging of penile cancer. METHODS: Thirteen patients (mean +/- SD age, 64 +/- 14.0 y) with suspected penile cancer or suspected recurrent disease were examined with a Gemini PET/CT system (200 MBq of (18)F-FDG). The reference standard was based on histopathologic findings obtained at biopsy or during surgery. RESULTS: Both the primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases exhibited a pattern of (18)F-FDG uptake typical for malignancy. Sensitivity in the detection of primary lesions was 75% (6/8), and specificity was 75% (3/4). On a per-patient basis, sensitivity in the detection of lymph node metastases was 80% (4/5), and specificity was 100% (8/8). On a nodal-group basis, PET/CT showed a sensitivity of 89% (8/9) in the detection of metastases in the superficial inguinal lymph node basins and a sensitivity of 100% (7/7) in the deep inguinal and obturator lymph node basins. The mean +/- SD maximum standardized uptake value for the 8 primary lesions was 5.3 +/- 3.7, and that for the 16 lymph node metastases was 4.6 +/- 2.0. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the main indication for (18)F-FDG PET in the primary staging or follow-up of penile cancer patients may be the prognostically crucial search for lymph node metastases. With the use of a PET/CT unit, the additional information provided by CT may be especially useful for planning surgery. Implementing (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in future staging algorithms may lead to a more precise and stage-appropriate therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, invasive procedures with a high morbidity rate, such as general bilateral lymphadenectomy, may be avoided.     

Clinical usefulness of 18F-FDG PET in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with questionable MRI findings for recurrence.

It has been reported that 18F-FDG PET is highly sensitive for the detection of recurrent head-and-neck cancer. The objective of our prospective study was to validate the ability of this technique to detect the presence of tumors in primary, nodal, and distant sites as well as to assess its overall clinical usefulness in patients with questionable MRI findings for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: From January 2002 to October 2003, a group of 37 NPC patients whose postradiation follow-up MRI examination showed questionable residual or recurrent disease was assessed with 18F-FDG PET. 18F-FDG PET was interpreted visually. Disease at primary, nodal, and distant sites was assessed. The final diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically or with clinical and imaging follow-up of at least 6 mo. RESULTS: Our results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET for the detection of recurrent NPC were 91.6% and 76.0%, respectively, at the primary site; 90.0% and 88.9%, respectively, at nodal sites; and 100% and 90.6%, respectively, at distant sites. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 89.5% and 55.6%, respectively. Among the 37 patients, 18F-FDG PET added significant information to the MRI findings in 18, including offering true-negative findings in 10, revealing unexpected small metastatic adenopathy in 3, and disclosing distant metastatic foci in 5. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET is highly sensitive and moderately specific for the detection of recurrent NPC in patients with questionable MRI findings. Overall, 18F-FDG PET appears to add significant information to MRI findings in about half of the NPC patients whose MRI examination shows questionable tumor recurrence.     

18F-FDG PET/CT provides powerful prognostic stratification in the primary staging of large breast cancer when compared with conventional explorations

Purpose

The objective of this study was to assess the impact on management and the prognostic value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for initial staging of newly diagnosed large breast cancer (BC) when compared with conventional staging.

Methods

We prospectively included 142 patients with newly diagnosed BC and at least grade T2 tumour. All patients were evaluated with complete conventional imaging (CI) procedures (mammogram and/or breast ultrasound, bone scan, abdominal ultrasound and/or CT, X-rays and/or CT of the chest), followed by FDG PET/CT exploration, prior to treatment. The treatment plan based on CI staging was compared with that based on PET/CT findings. CI and PET/CT findings were confirmed by imaging and clinical follow-up and/or pathology when assessable. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analysed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

According to CI staging, 79 patients (56 %) were stage II, 46 (32 %) stage III and 17 (12 %) stage IV (distant metastases). Of the patients, 30 (21 %) were upstaged by PET/CT, including 12 (8 %) from stage II or III to stage IV. On the other hand, 23 patients (16 %) were downstaged by PET/CT, including 4 (3 %) from stage IV to stage II or III. PET/CT had a high or medium impact on management planning for 18 patients (13 %). Median follow-up was 30 months (range 9–59 months); 37 patients (26 %) experienced recurrence or progression of disease during follow-up and 17 patients (12 %) died. The Cox model indicated that CI staging was significantly associated with PFS (p?=?0.01), but PET/CT staging provided stronger prognostic stratification (p?<?0.0001). Moreover, Cox regression multivariate analysis showed that only PET/CT staging remained associated with PFS (p?<?0.0001).

Conclusion

FDG PET/CT provides staging information that more accurately stratifies prognostic risk in newly diagnosed large BC when compared with conventional explorations alone.     

Whole-body hybrid PET with 18F-FDG in the staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PET with a double-head gamma camera (hybrid PET) is a new approach to tumor imaging with 18F-FDG. This study was conducted to clarify the feasibility of whole-body FDG hybrid PET in the staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in comparison with PET with a dedicated camera (dedicated PET) and to compare the results of both FDG studies with those of CT and 67Ga scanning as conventional imaging studies (CIS). METHODS: Thirty patients with NHL were prospectively evaluated. The results of the imaging studies regarding detection of the sites involved and staging were compared with each other and with those of the reference standard based on the final overall clinical evaluation. RESULTS: Of the total of 206 sites, whole-body FDG hybrid PET and dedicated PET detected 159 sites (77.2%) and 179 sites (86.9%), respectively. Eighteen of the 20 sites missed by hybrid PET alone consisted of lesions < 1.5 cm. Both FDG studies provided concordant staging results in all but 2 patients. CIS, on the other hand, detected 164 (79.6%) of the 206 sites, 137 of which were also detected by hybrid PET. Hybrid PET detected an additional 22 sites not found by CIS, whereas CIS detected 27 additional sites. Hybrid PET and CIS provided concordant staging results in 19 patients. Hybrid PET correctly staged NHL in 5 additional patients, whereas CIS correctly staged NHL in only 1 additional patient. CONCLUSION: Whole-body FDG hybrid PET appeared to be an accurate method of staging NHL. Despite its poorer image quality compared with dedicated PET, hybrid PET provided NHL staging results comparable with those of dedicated PET. Hybrid PET also yielded results comparable with those of CIS. However, whole-body FDG hybrid PET is currently inadequate as a single modality for staging NHL and is complementary to CT.     

^18F-FDGPET／CT评估鼻咽癌远处间隔转移、复发及效能分析

目的：对经^18F-FDGPET／CT扫描的鼻咽癌患者远处转移及PET／CT诊断效能进行分析。方法：73例鼻咽癌分为原发未经治疗组和治疗组,分析鼻咽癌各组远处转移部位、发生率。采用5级分类诊断法,选取不同分级点作为截止点绘制ROC曲线,寻找最佳截止点评价诊断效能。结果：22例原发未经治疗组远间隔转移发生率为59．1％,51例治疗组远处间隔转移发生率为68．6％,两组比较有差异（P〈0．01）。远处间隔转移最常见的部位依次是远处淋巴结（38．67％）、骨骼（36％）及肝脏（25．33％）。ROC曲线示以3级为最佳截止点PET／CT诊断效能较高。原发灶与复发灶SUV比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：鼻咽癌远处间隔转移发生率较高,最常见部位是远处间隔淋巴结,PET／CT诊断鼻咽癌远处转移的效能较高。     

18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT对胸段食管癌淋巴结分期诊断的对比研究

目的 评价18F-脱氧胸苷（FLT）PET/CT对未经治疗的胸段食管癌淋巴结分期诊断的价值,并与18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT进行比较.方法 选择22例拟行手术治疗的胸段食管癌患者,术前行双显像剂PET/CT检查及淋巴结分期诊断,术后以病理学诊断为＂金标准＂,比较18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT对胸段食管癌淋巴结分期的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.应用SPSS 13.0软件进行x2检验.结果 患者均行食管癌切除和淋巴结清扫术,病理检查结果显示16例患者存在淋巴结转移,N0期7例,N1期15例,M1a期6例（其中1例为N0M1a,另外5例为N1M1a）,全组均无M1b期.共检出424枚淋巴结,其中47枚为转移淋巴结.18F-FDG PET/CT诊断呈假阳性的淋巴结14枚,而18F-FLT诊断呈假阳性的淋巴结为3枚;18F-FDG假阴性的淋巴结8枚,18F-FLT假阴性的淋巴结12枚.18F-FLT PET/CT的诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阴性预测值和阳性预测值分别为74.47%（35/47）、99.20%（374/377）、96.46%（409/424）、96.89%（374/386）和92.11%（35/38）,18F-FDG分别为82.98%（39/47）、96.29%（363/377）、94.81%（402/424）、97.84%（363/371）和73.58%（39/53）;两者比较的x2值分别为0.572,6.018,1.017,0.348,3.852,P值分别＞0.05,＜0.05、＞0.05、＞0.05和＞0.05.结论 18F-FLT对食管癌区域淋巴结的诊断灵敏度与18F-FDG显像接近,特异性高于18F-FDG,但仍存在一定的局限性.     

^18F-FDG PET在原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤中的作用

目的探讨^18F—FDGPET（PET／CT）在原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤（PAL）中的作用。方法回顾性分析2005年10月至2009年8月确诊为PAL的3例患者。3例均为老年男性,双侧性NHL,治疗前均行超声、CT及PET（PET／CT）检查,并有组织病理学诊断资料。采用利妥昔单抗（rituximab）与环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide）、表阿霉素（doxorubicin）、长春新碱（vincristine）、泼尼松（prednisone）组合（R—CHOP）方案化疗。治疗后1例进行了PET／CT的随访复查。^18F—FDGPET显像获得病灶SUVmax及与肝SUVmax的比值。结果3例均为双侧性弥漫大B细胞型PAL,骨髓穿刺阴性,R-CHOP方案化疗后,例1通过4次^18F—FDGPET复查随访、指导治疗,已存活1年7个月;例2伴有肾上腺皮质功能低下,6个月后死亡;例3年龄大（77岁）,病情重,手术部分切除后化疗,12个月后死亡。结论PAL虽然恶性程度极高,但如能早期诊断,并进行^18F—FDGPET疗效监测、修正治疗方案,可延长患者生存期。     

18F-FDG显像对淋巴瘤分期及疗效评价的价值

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET和PET/CT显像在淋巴瘤诊断、分期及疗效评价中的价值.方法 107例淋巴瘤或淋巴瘤疑似患者行18F-FDG PET或PET/CT显像,其中16例多次行PET或PET/CT显像.所有患者皆经病理学检查确诊,随访时间>6个月.结果淋巴瘤31例,PET显像阳性30例(96.8%),7例淋巴结转移癌及活动性淋巴结结核PET显像均为阳性,淋巴瘤与原发灶不明的淋巴结转移癌及活动性淋巴结结核难以鉴别.37%(10/27例)初诊淋巴瘤PET显像多发现恶性病灶而提高临床分期.16例淋巴瘤行多次PET显像,发现8例治疗后病灶消失,2例缓解,1例肿瘤复发,5例无瘤生存,皆与临床相符.53例淋巴瘤治疗后行PET显像,其中8例临床确认有肿瘤复发或明显残余,PET显像均为阳性;45例临床疗效为完全缓解(CR)和部分缓解(PR)的患者中,PET显像阳性者18例,3例肿瘤处于活跃状态,15例(非霍奇金淋巴瘤12例,霍奇金淋巴瘤3例)处于抑制状态,PET显像后改变了进一步临床治疗方案.结论 18F-FDG PET显像对检测淋巴瘤的体内分布及分期灵敏、准确、全面,但难以与活动性淋巴结结核、原发灶不明的淋巴结转移癌相鉴别.18F-FDG PET显像能灵敏、准确地检出淋巴瘤复发及残余病灶,对疗效评价及指导临床治疗有重要价值.     

The impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT on assessment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at diagnosis

The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of whole-body (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT alters staging and management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) when compared with current staging practice. 52 patients with Stage III-IV NPC without distant metastases on chest X-ray/CT, abdominal ultrasound or bone scan were recruited for the study. Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET/CT and MRI of the head and neck were performed. The scans were compared for extent of the primary tumour (PT), cervical nodal metastases (CNM) and distant metastases (DM). Any discordance in results was assessed with respect to staging and impact on management. MRI and (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans were discordant in 28 (54%) patients. There was discordance in the extent of PT at 28 sites; in all sites, MRI showed more extensive tumour involving the nasopharynx (n = 8), skull base (n = 14), brain (n = 4) and orbit (n = 2). There was also variation among the extent of CNM in four nodes of the retropharyngeal region, with the nodes being positive on MRI. (18)F-FDG PET /CT did not identify any additional distant metastases but did identify a second primary tumour in the colon. The additional use of (18)F-FDG PET/CT did not "up-stage" the overall stage or change management in any patient. In conclusion, there is discordance between MRI and (18)F-FDG PET/CT, and the additional use of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for the current assessment of NPC at diagnosis does not appear to be justified in this cohort of patients.     

18F-FLT PET/CT与18F-FDG PET/CT在鼻咽癌诊断和分期中的应用比较

目的 通过与18F-FDG PET/CT显像对比,探讨18 F-FLT PET/CT检测鼻咽癌原发灶和颈部淋巴结转移灶的可行性.方法 12例初治且经病理确诊的鼻咽癌患者(年龄22～62岁)自愿进入该前瞻性临床研究.每位患者先行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,次日行18F-FLF PET/CT检查.至少有2位核医学科和放射科医师阅片,比较18F-FDG PET/CT和18F-FLT PET/CT图像,采用ROI技术计算鼻咽肿瘤、颈部淋巴结转移灶、正常组织对18F-FDG、18F-FLT的SUVmax、SUVmean和MTV.采用非参数Wilcoxon秩和检验比较组间摄取和MTV差异.结果 12例鼻咽癌患者病灶均明显摄取18F-FLT.18F-FLT PET/CT和18F-FDG PET/CT均可准确诊断该组病例,二者对原发灶和淋巴结转移灶的检测结果无明显差别.鼻咽癌病灶的18F-FDG和18F-FLT SUVmax分别为10.7±5.8和6.0±2.4,SUVmean分别为5.8±3.0和3.6±1.5;SUVmax和SUVmean组间差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.589和-2.353,P均＜0.05),而 MTV在18F-FDG和8F-FLT PET/CT 2种显像方法之问的差异无统计学意义(15.9±9.2和18.1±11.1;Z=-0.786,P＞0.05).6例有颈部淋巴结转移灶患者的SUVmax、SUVmean和MTV在2种显像方法间差异均无统计学意义(8.5±6.2比6.4±2.5、5.3±4.2比3.8±1.4、6.5 ±4.8比6.0±4.4;Z=-0.734、-0.734和-0.674,P均＞0.05).18F-FLT在颞叶摄取(SUVmax 0.7±0.3)明显低于18F-FDG(SUVmax 8.3±2.7;Z=-3.062,P＜0.01),其对于原发灶颅内浸润显示较18F-FDG更清晰.结论 18F-FLT PET/CT在鼻咽癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶的诊断效能与18F-FDG PET/CT相当,对于显示原发灶的颅底附近侵犯更有利,其临床应用值得进一步研究.