术前体位训练预防甲状腺术后体位综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨术前体位训练对甲状腺手术体位综合征的预防作用。方法实验组术前进行体位锻炼,直至能坚持体位到手术所需要的时间,对照组术前不进行体位锻炼,然后比较两组头痛头晕、恶心呕吐等各项甲状腺手术体位综合征的症状发生率。结果实验组较对照组在各项甲状腺手术体位综合征的症状发生率方面减少,两组有显著差异(P0.05)。结论术前体位适应性训练对预防甲状腺手术体位综合征有很好的作用,值得临床推广应用。     

体位干预预防甲状腺手术体位综合征的临床观察

目的 :探讨体位干预对甲状腺手术体位综合征的影响。方法 :随机将 2 2 8例甲状腺手术患者分成两组 ,对照组 12 0例采用常规的手术体位 ,干预组 10 8例采用改进手术体位。对两组的手术时间、头颈部过伸位的时间及术后两组患者的头痛、恶心呕吐等进行对照。结果 :干预组并不增加手术难度及手术时间 ,但可显著缩短术中头颈部过伸位的时间 ;干预组头痛和恶心呕吐发生率均明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :体位干预可有效地预防或减轻患者甲状腺术后头痛及恶心呕吐等症状     

术前体位训练对预防甲状腺术后体位综合征的观察

目的 探讨术前体位训练对预防甲状腺术后体位综合征的效果.方法 随机将458例甲状腺手术患者分为2组.A组 200例,术前不进行体位训练;B组258例,术前进行体位训练,直到能坚持体位到手术所需要的时间.比较2组患者术中及术后48h内发生头痛、呕吐数.结果 B组患者头痛发生率少于A组(p<0.01),呕吐发生率少于A组(p<0.01).结论 术前体位训练可有效地预防甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生,有利于患者的康复,值得临床推广应用.     

术前体位训练对甲状腺手术体位综合征影响的临床研究

目的:探讨术前体位训练对甲状腺手术体位综合征的影响。方法:将298例甲状腺手术患者随机分为观察组(151例)和对照组(147例)。观察组行术前体位训练,直至患者能坚持体位到手术所需要的时间;对照组术前不进行体位训练。观察患者术中体位舒适度和耐受力情况及术后48h患者头痛、恶心、呕吐情况。结果:术前体位训练组甲状腺手术体位综合征发生率明显低于对照组。结论:术前体位训练可有效预防甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生。     

甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生与术前体位训练的相关性研究

目的 探讨甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生与术前体位训练的相关性.方法 选取2018年1月—2018年10月在本院甲状腺外科进行甲状腺手术的380例患者为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,两组患者术前均给予术中体位相关的健康宣教,术中及术后的护理方法 相同;试验组术前不进行常规的体位训练,对照组术前按常规进行体位训练,观察两组患者甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生率.结果 两组患者术后甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生与术前规范的体位训练无相关性,术前无需强化体位训练.     

术前体位训练对甲状腺手术体位综合征发生率的影响

手术是治疗甲状腺患者的重要方法之一,但因其需要肩、背部垫高,垂头仰卧位的特殊体位,甲状腺术后相当部分患者会出现甲状腺手术体位综合征[1],表现有头、颈及腰背部的肌肉酸痛、头晕、头痛、呕吐、恶心、血压升高、心率加快等症状。有研究显示,其发生率可达44.6％[2],严重影响患者的术后康复。为尽量较少上述症状的发生,本次研究对甲状腺患者术前进行适应性体位训练,甲状腺术后体位综合征控制效果良好。现报道如下。     

甲状腺手术患者术前体位训练的效果探讨

目的 观察甲状腺手术患者术前体位训练的效果.方法 将80例甲状腺手术患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各40例,实验组术前进行体位锻炼,而对照组术前不进行锻炼,观察两组术中不适、头痛头晕、恶心呕吐等甲状腺手术体位综合征的各项症状发生率.结果 实验组在甲状腺手术体位综合征的症状发生率方面均少于对照组;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 术前体位训练使患者能更好地耐受手术,有效地预防及减轻甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生.     

术后体位改良对改善甲状腺手术体位综合征的影响

目的探讨术后不同体位对甲状腺术后头痛、恶心、呕吐的影响。方法119例甲状腺术后患者按顺序分为对照组62例和观察组57例,对照组术后取去枕平卧位,观察组术后取低枕卧位,比较两组术后头痛、恶心、呕吐的发生率。结果观察组头痛、恶心、呕吐的发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．5;P〈0．5;P〈0．01）。结论术后体位改良能减少甲状腺手术体位综合征的发生。     

术前体位训练对降低甲状腺手术后不适的效果观察

手术是治疗甲状腺疾病的主要手段之一。但由于甲状腺位于颈部,手术视野小,血管丰富,手术操作空间小,因此,常规甲状腺手术要求颈部过伸体位,但大多数患者易出现甲状腺手术体位综合征：术中心率加快、血压升高,甚至喉痉挛,术后头颈部疼痛、恶心等症状。有报道显示,甲状腺手术术后体位综合征的发生率可达44．6％。而颈部过伸体位需要有逐渐适应的过程。为此,我院研究出一套完整的体位训练方案,并对40例甲状腺手术患者实施两种护理方法后的护理效果进行对比。现报道如下.     

甲状腺手术体位综合征预防的护理效果观察

目的预防及减轻甲状腺手术病人术中不适、术后头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐等体位综合征的发生。方法选择2005年3月～2008年2月收入我科145例甲状腺手术病人随机分为实验组75例和对照组70例。实验组进行术前体位训练及术中适时、适度的体位变换;对照组采取传统的护理方法。观察两组应用效果,并进行对照分析。结果两组术中不适,术后头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐等发生率比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论甲状腺手术病人术前进行体位适应训练及术中适时体位变换,能有效提高术中舒适度,预防及降低手术体位综合征的发生,有利于术后康复。     

实施分娩期体位护理的临床体会

目的探讨分娩期体位护理对缩短产程、促进自然分娩、降低剖宫产率、减少产后出血及新生儿窒息发生率的作用。方法选择我院2003年3月至2004年3月216例孕妇为实验组,在孕妇人产房待产时,第一产程根据孕妇具体情况采取自由体位、坐位、半卧位、胎儿脊柱同侧侧俯卧位,第二产程采取膀胱截石位加半卧位,第三产程取平卧位。随机抽取2002年孕妇190例作为对照组。观察两组产妇各产程时间、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分、产后出血等。结果实验组第一产程、第二产程、总产程时间均较对照组缩短,自然分娩率较对照组提高涪0宫产率和阴道助产率明显下降,新生儿窒息及产后出血明显减少,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈O,01）。结论实施分娩期体位护理,有利于缩短产程,提高自然分娩率,提高分娩质量,利于母婴健康。     

系统膀胱功能训练预防子宫广泛切除术后尿潴留的研究

目的评估系统膀胱功能训练对预防子宫广泛切除术后尿潴留的效果。方法60例子宫广泛切除术患者随机分成试验组和对照组各30例,试验组采用系统膀胱功能训练(bladdertraining,BT),对照组采用常规护理。比较2组预防术后尿潴留的效果。结果试验组术后排尿困难、残余尿、尿潴留及泌尿系统感染发生均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论系统膀胱功能训练能有效预防子宫广泛切除术后排尿困难、尿潴留、泌尿系统感染发生。     

Effects of a 12-Week Tai Chi Chuan Program Versus a Balance Training Program on Postural Control and Walking Ability in Older People

Lelard T, Doutrellot P-L, David P, Ahmaidi S. Effects of a 12-week Tai Chi Chuan program versus a balance training program on postural control and walking ability in older people.

Objective

To compare the respective effects of 2 balance training programs: a Tai Chi (TC) program and a balance training program on static postural control and walking ability.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

General community.

Participants

Older subjects (N=28) participated in the study.

Interventions

The TC group (n=14; mean age ± SD, 76.8±5.1y) and the balance training group (n=14; 77.0±4.5y) were both trained for 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures

Static postural control was assessed via measurement of center of pressure sway under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. Walking speed over a 10-meter course was also assessed.

Results

After the 12-week training period, there were no significant differences in walking speed or postural parameters in either the EO or EC conditions for the TC and balance training groups. Performance in the EC condition was lower than in the EO condition in pretest and posttest for the balance training and TC groups. The Romberg quotient (EO/EC ratio) was significantly higher after the balance training program than the TC program (P<.05).

Conclusions

We cannot conclude that the balance training program has better effects than the TC program on postural control or walking ability. None of the outcome measures showed significant change posttraining in either the TC or the balance training groups. However, the differences described in the Romberg quotient after the training period between the TC and the balance training groups suggest that TC should be helpful to limit the deleterious effects of eye closure on postural balance.     

The effect of a balance training programme on centre of pressure excursion in one-leg stance

Background. Balance training is widely used in the rehabilitation after an ankle sprain and is thought to have a decreasing effect on postural sway. The present study investigated whether a 5.5-week balance training programme leads to a decreased postural sway showing in a reduced range of centre of pressure excursion.

Methods. Thirty university students participated in this study. Twenty-two untrained subjects were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 11) or a control group (n = 11). The remaining eight subjects were participants in an organized volleyball competition and were assigned to an additional volleyball group (n = 8). All subjects of the intervention group and the volleyball group received a 5.5-week balance training programme, while subjects of the control group received no training. Centre of pressure of the ground reaction force was measured as a proxy measure of postural sway, using a force platform. Measurements took place before and after the 5.5-week training programme for standing on one leg (both for right and for left leg) of single leg stance, both for the eyes-open and eyes-closed situation. From these measurements centre of pressure excursion in the anterior–posterior and the medial–lateral direction was calculated. A linear regression analysis was performed to check for differences in centre of pressure excursion between any of the groups over the training period.

Findings. No differences in changes of centre of pressure excursion were found between any of the groups over the 5.5-week training period.

Interpretation. Balance training does not lead to a reduction in centre of pressure excursion in a general population consisting of non-injured and previously injured subjects.     

临床护士护患沟通技能培训方法的研究进展

沟通技能是医护人员临床核心技能之一.有效的沟通可以构建护患间积极互动的桥梁,使彼此得到最大程度的理解和信任,从而建立和谐的护患关系,减少医疗纠纷的发生.     

妊高征并发多脏器功能障碍的防治

目的：探讨妊高征并发多脏器功能障碍（MODS）的诱因及防治。方法：对52例妊高征并发MODS的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：52例均存在2个或2个以上器官或系统的功能障碍,导致MODS的主要因素为重度妊高征并发产后出血及胎盘早剥。器官功能障碍以肾脏为最多,肺和凝血功能障碍也是常见的启动器官。结论：妊高征并发MODS处理的关键在于治疗原发病,控制诱因。降低产科MODS死亡率主要在于适时终止妊娠,严密的动态监测,早期的干预治疗。     

Prevention of Deep Venous Thrombosis of Lower Limbs after Total Joint Replacement by Functional Training

Deep venous thrombosis(DVT) after total joint replacement was common. The prevalence of DVT was about 50％ without any intervention. DVT, a major cause of pulmonary embolism, could induced deadly pulmonary embolism(2％～ 3％ ).The high risk patients of DVT perioperational period should be treated correctly.124 patients undergoing total joint replacement received functional training and other prevention measures June 1999 through March 2000.Now,the results was reported as followed.1 Subje…     

2％山莨菪碱扩张局部皮肤血管防护β—七叶皂甙钠所致静脉损伤的探讨

目的 :探讨用 2 %山莨菪碱扩张局部皮肤血管 ,防护 β -七叶皂甙钠所致静脉损伤的作用。方法 :将 14 0例接受 β -七叶皂甙钠静脉滴注的患者分成两组 ,对照研究静脉损伤的发生情况及防护效果。观察组 70例采用 2 %山莨菪碱扩张局部皮肤浅表血管进行防护观察是否能提高静脉使用率 ;对照组 70例用传统方法滴注 ,并分析不同血管穿刺次数对静脉损伤的影响。结果 :两组间的静脉损伤程度、静脉炎的发生率及使用次数差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :2 %山莨菪碱扩张局部皮肤浅表血管对减轻静脉刺激、减少损伤和提高静脉的使用率有显著效果     

Effects of Training on Controllability Attributions of Behavioural Excesses and Deficits Shown by adults with Down Syndrome and Dementia

Background Whereas there is a knowledge base on staff attributions of challenging behaviour, there has been little research on the effects of training, type of behaviour and biological context on staff attributions of controllability in the context of people with intellectual disabilities and dementia. Methods A mixed design was used to investigate the effects of three factors on care staff attributions of the controllability of challenging behaviour. Pre‐ and post‐training measures were administered to participants (n = 97) attending training on ageing, dementia and people with intellectual disabilities. Results No significant effects of diagnosis or type of behaviour on attributions were found. There was a significant increase in knowledge after training (P < 0.001) and training was found to significantly decrease the attribution of controllability (P < 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that training that focuses on aspects of change relevant to behaviour can favourably influence care staff's knowledge and attributions of controllability within the context of people with Down syndrome and dementia.