CDKN2A gene inactivation in epithelial sporadic ovarian cancer.

The tumour suppressor gene CDKN2A, located on chromosome 9p21, encodes the cell cycle regulatory protein p16. Inactivation of the CDKN2A gene could lead to uncontrolled cell growth. In order to determine the role of CDKN2A in the development of sporadic ovarian cancer, loss of heterozygosity at 9p21-22, homozygous deletion, mutation and methylation status of the CDKN2A gene as well as CDKN2A expression were examined in a panel of serous papillary ovarian cancer. The frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for one or more informative markers at 9p21-22 was 65% (15/23). The most common deleted region was located between interferon (IFN)-alpha and D9S171. Homozygous deletions and mutations of the CDKN2A gene were not found. There was no evidence of methylation in exon 1, but methylation in exon 2 of CDKN2A gene was found in 26% (6/23). Absence of CDKN2A gene expression was shown in 27% (6/22) at mRNA level and 21% (4/19) at protein level. These data suggest that the CDKN2A gene is involved in the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer, but the mechanisms of CDKN2A gene inactivation in serous papillary ovarian cancer remains unclear.     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体2在卵巢上皮癌中的表达

目的比较血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体VEGFR-2在卵巢癌上皮组织中的表达。方法研究32例卵巢上皮癌和15例正常对照卵巢组织,采用冷冻切片免疫荧光染色法检测VEGF和VEGFR-2的表达,并通过蛋白免疫印迹Western blot法进一步作半定量分析。结果在正常卵巢上皮细胞中,VEGF和VEGFR-2表达阳性率分别为4/15和5/15;而在卵巢癌细胞中,VEGF和VEGFR-2表达阳性率分别为15/32和29/32,二者对应阳性率比较具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。在正常卵巢组织中,VEGF和VEGFR-2的表达均较少,而在卵巢癌组织中,VEGF和VEGFR-2的表达均较正常卵巢组织中明显增加。结论卵巢癌中存在显著增强的VEGF/VEGFR-2自分泌作用,这种自分泌在卵巢癌的发病中可能发挥了重要的作用。     

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and epithelial ovarian cancer risk.

Epidemiologic and laboratory studies support a role for the vitamin D endocrine system in ovarian carcinogenesis. The association of ovarian cancer risk with polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, including rs10735810 (FokI), rs11568820 (Cdx-2), rs1544410 (BsmI), rs7975232 (ApaI), rs731236 (TaqI), and BsmI-ApaI-TaqI combined genotypes, was examined among 313 women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma and 574 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. The associations of VDR polymorphisms with risk were generally inconsistent across ethnic groups. Among Caucasian women (72 cases, 148 controls), heterozygous and homozygous ApaI A allele carriers were at increased ovarian carcinoma risk compared with homozygous carriers of the ApaI a allele (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-7.0 and OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3-9.1; P(trend) = 0.02). Caucasian heterozygous carriers of FokI f allele were also at increased risk of ovarian carcinoma compared with homozygous carriers of the common allele (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.8; P(trend) = 0.04). Among Japanese women (94 cases, 173 controls), ovarian cancer risk was significantly decreased (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9) among Cdx-2 A allele heterozygotes compared with homozygote G allele carriers (P(trend) = 0.03). Compared with the bbaaTT BsmI-ApaI-TaqI genotype, bbaATT and BBAAtt genotypes were associated with increased ovarian cancer risk in Caucasian women (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.3-13.1 and OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.6-17.5), but not in Japanese women (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-1.9 and OR 2.3, 95% CI:0.4-12.3). This investigation provides some evidence that polymorphisms in the VDR gene might influence ovarian cancer susceptibility.     

正常卵巢上皮细胞和卵巢上皮癌细胞基因表达差异的研究

目的：探讨卵巢上皮癌细胞相关基因的差异表达。方法：采用舍384条肿瘤相关基因的cDNA阵谱检测了卵巢上皮癌细胞株SKOV-3及正常卵巢上皮细胞的基因谱，分析卵巢上皮癌细胞相关基因的差异表达。结果：在384条候选基因中，与卵巢癌相关的差异表达基因33条，其中22条表达上调，11条表达下调。结论：cDNA阵谱技术是筛查卵巢癌相关基因的有效方法。     

人PTPRK基因在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的探讨受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTPRK)基因在良性、交界性和恶性上皮性卵巢肿瘤及正常卵巢上皮组织中的表达规律及其与卵巢癌的关系.方法应用免疫组化间接法检测50例卵巢癌、13例良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤、14例交界性上皮性卵巢肿瘤及10例正常卵巢上皮组织中PTPRK基因的表达,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较卵巢癌患者PTPRK蛋白表达与五年生存率的关系.结果(1)良性、交界性上皮性卵巢肿瘤和卵巢癌组中,PTPRK基因的阳性表达率分别为53.9%、57.1%、18.0%,显著低于正常卵巢上皮组的表达率100%(P均＜0.001).卵巢癌组中PTPRK基因的阳性表达率显著低于良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组(P＜0.001)和交界性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组(P＜0.01).(2)卵巢癌高分化组中PTPRK基因的表达率为62.5%,显著高于中分化组(18.8%)和低分化组(6.3%)(P＜0.01).卵巢癌淋巴结无转移组PTPRK基因的表达率为27.3%,显著高于无阳性表达的淋巴结有转移组(P＜0.05).(3)PTPRK基因表达阳性组与表达阴性组的5年生存率分别为66.7%、46.7%,两组比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论PTPRK基因表达缺失发生在上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织中,肿瘤分化程度越低或者淋巴结已有转移则该基因表达缺失越明显.PTPRK基因可能是一种肿瘤抑制基因,其不同程度的表达缺失与上皮性卵巢肿瘤的发生和发展有关.     

miR-455-5p在上皮性卵巢癌中表达研究及其靶基因功能分析

目的 研究miR-455-5p在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达情况,分析其表达对上皮性卵巢癌发生发展的影响。方法 从GEO数据库中下载正常卵巢上皮组织与上皮性卵巢癌组织miRNA表达数据GSE83693,通过差异表达分析获得上皮性卵巢癌中miRNA差异表达数据,分析miR-455-5p在正常卵巢上皮与上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达是否存在差异,应用qRT-PCR验证差异表达预测结果;应用生物信息学软件对miR-455-5p靶基因进行KEGG通路富集分析及GO基因功能注释,探究miR-455-5p表达失调在上皮性卵巢癌发生发展过程中的作用。结果 筛选出明显差异表达miRNA 101例,34例表达上调,67例表达下调;其中miR-455-5p呈明显下调(P＜0.01),差异倍数为-2.9019;qRT-PCR验证结果显示,上皮性卵巢癌细胞(SKOV-3,OVCAR-3,A2780)中miR-455-5p表达量明显低于正常卵巢上皮细胞(IOSE-80),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,miR-455-5p调控的靶基因主要参与的通路共5个,包括有TGF-β信号通路,Hippo信号通路,ECM-受体相互作用,癌症中的转录失调通路,慢性粒细胞白血病,这些通路均与肿瘤相关。GO功能注释分析结果显示上述通路中miR-455-5p调控的靶基因主要参与蛋白质磷酸化,促进细胞增殖、迁移,抑制细胞凋亡,促进上皮-间充质转化,转录调节及调控细胞周期等与肿瘤发生相关的功能。结论 miR-455-5p在上皮性卵巢癌中表达下调,miR-455-5p靶基因参与上皮性卵巢癌肿瘤相关通路与功能,与上皮性卵巢癌发生发展相关。     

Possible role of ovarian epithelial inflammation in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is a commonly fatal disease for which prevention strategies have been limited, in part because of a lack of understanding of the underlying biology. This paper reviews the epidemiologic literature in the English language on risk factors and protective factors for ovarian cancer and proposes a novel hypothesis that a common mechanism underlying this disease is inflammation. Previous hypotheses about the causes of ovarian cancer have attributed risk to an excess number of lifetime ovulations or to elevations in steroid hormones. Inflammation may underlie ovulatory events because an inflammatory reaction is induced during the process of ovulation. Additional risk factors for ovarian cancer, including asbestos and talc exposure, endometriosis (i.e., ectopic implantation of uterine lining tissue), and pelvic inflammatory disease, cannot be directly linked to ovulation or to hormones but do cause local pelvic inflammation. On the other hand, tubal ligation and hysterectomy act as protective factors, perhaps by diminishing the likelihood that the ovarian epithelium will be exposed to environmental initiators of inflammation. Inflammation entails cell damage, oxidative stress, and elevations of cytokines and prostaglandins, all of which may be mutagenic. The possibility that inflammation is a pathophysiologic contributor to the development of ovarian cancer suggests a directed approach to future research     

Unique gene expression profile based on pathologic response in epithelial ovarian cancer.

PURPOSE: We investigated whether tumor tissue obtained at diagnosis expresses a specific gene profile that is predictive of findings at second-look surgery in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor tissue obtained at the time of diagnosis was profiled with oligonucleotide microarrays. Class prediction analysis was performed in a training set of 24 patients who had undergone a second-look procedure. The resultant predictive signature was then tested on an independent validation set comprised of 36 patients. RESULTS: A 93-gene signature referred to as the Chemotherapy Response Profile (CRP) was identified through its association with pathologic complete response. When applied to a separate validation set, the CRP distinguished between patients with unfavorable versus favorable overall survival (median 41 months v not yet reached, respectively, log-rank P = .007), with a median follow-up of 52 months. The signature maintained independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis, controlling for other known prognostic factors such as age, stage, grade, and debulking status. There was no genetic overlap between the CRP and our previously described Ovarian Cancer Prognostic Profile (OCPP), which demonstrated similar prognostic value. The combination of the CRP and OCPP yielded better prognostic discrimination then either profile alone. Genes present in the CRP include BAX, a proapoptotic protein previously associated with chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: Identification of a gene expression profile based on pathologic response in EOC provides independent prognostic information and offers potential insights into the mechanism of drug resistance. Efforts to identify a more tailored profile using selected genes from both the CRP and OCPP are underway.     

WT1在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨肾母细胞瘤基因(Wilms tumor gene,WT1)蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测50例卵巢上皮性癌、10例卵巢良性肿瘤和10例正常卵巢石蜡标本中WT1表达情况。应用SPSS13.0软件结合临床病理资料进行综合分析。结果正常及良恶性上皮性卵巢组织中WT1皆有表达,WT1在卵巢癌组织中的表达明显高于正常及良性卵巢组织(P<0.01),正常和良性卵巢组织中两者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。WT1在浆液性卵巢癌中表达率为93%(28/30),随着病理分级及临床分期的增高,WT1表达率逐渐增高。WT1阴性表达者生存时间明显比WT1阳性者长。WT1表达与病理分级、临床分期、组织学类型及预后明显相关(P<0.05),而与年龄、淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。结论WT1在卵巢癌组织中的表达明显高于正常及良性卵巢组织,在卵巢癌的浸润和转移中发挥了重要作用,可作为判断卵巢癌恶性程度及评估不良预后的重要指标。     

上皮性卵巢癌组织中肺耐药蛋白的表达及意义

目的探讨上皮性卵巢癌中肺耐药蛋白(LRP)的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法及半定量分析方法,检测上皮性卵巢癌64例,复发后二次手术癌组织17例,卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤16例及正常卵巢组织14例中LRP的表达,并进行相关临床病理因素分析。结果在上皮性卵巢癌中LRP的阳性率为78.1%,与卵巢良性肿瘤及正常卵巢有显著性差异(P<0.01);化疗后癌组织中LRP的强阳性表达率与初治卵巢癌组织中相应的表达率差异有显著性。结论LRP在上皮性卵巢癌中较恒定表达,化疗可以增加癌组织中LRP的表达。检测LRP表达水平可以预测卵巢癌对铂类联合化疗疗效,也是判断其预后的可靠指标之一。     

miR-483-5p在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其对顺铂敏感性的影响

背景与目的：顺铂是目前临床上治疗上皮性卵巢癌的一线化疗药物之一,但许多患者对铂类药物耐药。miR-483-5p在肺癌中过表达,然而目前尚未见miR-483-5p在上皮性卵巢癌中的研究。该研究检测miR-483-5p在上皮性卵巢癌组织和上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中的表达并探讨其对上皮性卵巢癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的影响。方法：采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)检测43例上皮性卵巢癌患者的肿瘤组织、8例正常卵巢组织和5种上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中miR-483-5p的表达情况;通过慢病毒上调或敲低卵巢癌细胞miR-483-5p表达,应用CCK-8实验检测miR-483-5p对上皮性卵巢癌细胞系顺铂敏感性的影响。结果：上皮性卵巢癌组织中miR-483-5p表达明显高于正常卵巢组织(P<0.01)。此外,miR-483-5p在晚期上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达水平显著高于早期肿瘤组织(P<0.05)。5种上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中SKOV3细胞表达miR-483-5p的量最低;miR-483-5p在上皮性卵巢癌顺铂耐药A2780/CP细胞中表达量最高。上调SKOV3细胞中miR-483-5p的表达能够降低上皮性卵巢癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性,并下调p21及Bcl-2的表达;下调A2780/CP细胞miR-483-5p的表达能够增加细胞对顺铂的敏感性,并上调p21及Bcl-2的表达。结论：miR-483-5p在上皮性卵巢癌组织中高表达并对顺铂耐药,可以作为临床预测上皮性卵巢癌对顺铂敏感性的生物标志物之一。     

Platinum-Taxol non-cross resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical evidence for platinum-Taxol non-cross-resistance in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Unlike other studies, only patients who had demonstrably progressive disease on platinum therapy were analysed. Patients received 135-200 mg m-2 of Taxol over 3 or 24 h and all patients were assessed for response by computerised axial tomography. The overall response rate was 22.2% (8/36 patients, 95% CI 10-39%). Only patients who received > or = 175 mg m-2 of Taxol responded (26.7%; 8/30 patients, 95% CI 12-46%). No complete responses were seen and the duration of response was short, median 7 months (range 5-9+). Response was associated with a short treatment-free interval (P = 0.02); only those who were treated immediately after they had progressed on their previous platinum therapy responded. Response duration was associated with a good performance status (P < 0.05). Platinum and Taxol are non-cross-resistant in a proportion of patients and therefore patients who are resistant to platinum compounds may benefit from Taxol although the duration of any response is short. These data support current strategies that involve combining Taxol with platinum compounds as first-line therapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.     

Chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

In the past decade there have been significant improvements in chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Platinum-based chemotherapy has improved response rates and, to a lesser degree, prolonged survival. Taxol and its combination with platinum drugs holds the promise for even further improvements in survival. Clinical trials are evaluating issues such as dose-intensity, new combinations, and drug resistance.     

EGR4在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测EGR4在卵巢肿瘤组织中的表达,分析EGR4与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理因素间的关系,并探讨EGR4与上皮性卵巢癌耐药性的相关性.方法:收集2006年11月至2012年11月于西京医院就诊的有完整病史和临床资料的原发性上皮性卵巢癌患者86例.应用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测86例上皮性卵巢癌、17例良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤和14例交界性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织中EGR4的表达情况.分析EGR4表达与患者临床病理因素及化疗耐药性之间的关系.结果:上皮性卵巢癌组织中EGR4蛋白表达较良性卵巢肿瘤和交界性卵巢肿瘤组织中表达明显增高,三组之间有统计学意义(P<0.05);上皮性卵巢癌组织中EGR4高表达与患者手术-病理分期、病理类型、腹水及肿瘤细胞减灭术有关(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移及肿瘤大小等指标无关(P>0.05);上皮性卵巢癌组织中EGR4表达与患者化疗耐药性无关(P>0.05).结论:EGR4在上皮性卵巢癌组织中呈高表达,且 EGR4高表达与患者手术-病理分期、病理类型、腹水及肿瘤细胞减灭术有关,提示EGR4可能参与上皮性卵巢癌的发生发展等过程;上皮性卵巢癌组织中EGR4表达与患者化疗耐药性无关.     

Expression and clinical significance of BIRC6 in human epithelial ovarian cancer

Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 (BIRC6), an unusually large member of the IAP family, may play an important role in oncogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of BIRC6 in predicting tumor recurrence after curative resection in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. In this study, the differences of BIRC6 expression in four paired EOC and normal tissue were performed by Western blot, and expression of BIRC6 protein was analyzed in 100 clinicopathologically characterized EOC cases from those who underwent curative resection between 2003 and 2011 by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests were used to assess the prognostic significance. It was found that BIRC6 expression was higher in the carcinoma tissue than in normal control tissue at protein level by Western blot. There was a significant difference of BIRC6 expression in patients categorized according to tumor differentiation (p?=?0.016). Univariate analyses and multivariate analyses revealed that BIRC6 was an independent significant predictor for overall survival and disease-free survival. A prognostic significance of BIRC6 was also found by Kaplan-Meier method. The expression of BIRC6 in the cytoplasm is associated with EOC differentiation and may be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of EOC patients after curative resection.     

卵巢上皮性癌组织中结肠癌转移相关基因1的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨卵巢上皮性癌组织中结肠癌转移相关基因1(metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1,MACC1)的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法检测卵巢上皮性癌组织、卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织中MACC1 mRNA及蛋白的表达,分析MACC1蛋白的表达与卵巢上皮性癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:卵巢上皮性癌组织中MACC1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均明显高于卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织和正常卵巢组织(P<0.05)。卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织与正常卵巢组织之间MACC1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。MACC1蛋白的阳性表达率与卵巢上皮性癌患者的临床分期、组织分化程度和淋巴结转移等因素相关(P<0.05)。结论:MACC1蛋白表达与卵巢上皮性癌患者的临床分期、组织分化程度和淋巴结转移相关。MACC1可能参与了卵巢上皮性癌的发生和发展。     

Chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type of ovarian cancer; usually occurs in women older than 50years, and because 75% of cases are diagnosed at stage III or IV it is associated with a poor prognosis. Treatment of ovarian cancer is based on the integration of surgery and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy plays a major role both in the adjuvant treatment and in the care of patients with advanced disease. Several active drugs have been introduced in the treatment of ovarian cancer in the last decades and novel targets and agents are under evaluation.     

Expression of metastasis-related genes in human epithelial ovarian tumors.

We examined the expression level of several genes that regulate distinct steps of metastasis in 55 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, archival specimens of primary human ovarian carcinoma from patients undergoing curative surgery. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), E-cadherin, type IV collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) was examined by a colorimetric in situ mRNA hybridization technique. The expression level of E-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and IL-8 mRNA correlated with disease stages. The ratio of type IV collagenase expression (mean of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9) to E-cadherin expression (MMP:E-cadherin ratio) increased with increasing stage of disease (p<0.0001). Death rates significantly increased with high MMP:E-cadherin ratio (p=0.0005). Multivariate analysis of overall survival showed that the MMP:E-cadherin ratio was a significant independent prognostic factor, even after adjustment for known prognostic factors, such as histology, stage, and age.