青蒿琥酯诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的研究

本研究旨在研究青蒿琥酯体外诱导HL-60细胞凋亡及其过程中Bcl-2与ICAD蛋白表达的变化。采用MTT法测定青蒿琥酯对HL-60细胞的生长抑制作用;用光学显微镜检、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞术观察和检测青蒿琥酯诱导HL-60细胞的凋亡;应用蛋白印迹法检测青蒿琥酯诱导HL-60细胞凋亡过程中Bcl-2与ICAD的表达变化情况。结果表明：青蒿琥酯对HL-60细胞有明显的生长抑制作用,并呈时间、剂量依赖性。48小时IC50值为18.33μg/ml,其增殖抑制作用与诱导细胞凋亡有关;Bcl-2和ICAD在HL-60细胞中均有表达,且随药物浓度的增高表达量逐渐降低。结论：青蒿琥酯可诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,Bcl-2和ICAD在青蒿琥酯诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的信号传导途径中可能是重要的调控因子。     

青蒿琥酯诱导人急性白血病原代细胞凋亡、胀亡的作用机制研究

目的:探讨青蒿琥酯诱导人急性白血病(AL)原代细胞凋亡、胀亡作用的可能机制。方法:提取11例急性白血病患者骨髓液进行原代细胞培养,以对数生长期细胞为干预点,将不同浓度青蒿琥酯作用于细胞,分别采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测青蒿琥酯对人AL原代细胞增殖的影响;透射电子显微镜观察青蒿琥酯作用后细胞的形态变化;免疫印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白。结果:与对照组比较,青蒿琥酯对人AL骨髓原代培养细胞有抑制作用;青蒿琥酯具有诱导人AL骨髓原代细胞凋亡和胀亡的作用,青蒿琥酯可下调凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2含量,同时促进凋亡蛋白Bax、细胞色素C的释放。结论:青蒿琥酯可诱导人AL原代细胞凋亡和胀亡,线粒体途径可能是青蒿琥酯诱导白血病细胞死亡的主要途径。     

青蒿琥酯对肿瘤细胞损伤修复基因表达的影响

目的运用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术研究青蒿琥酯对肿瘤细胞DNA损伤修复基因表达的影响。方法用青蒿琥酯处理K562细胞72 h,倒置光显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,Trizol法提取总RNA,RT-PCR检测DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-PK)的表达变化。结果倒置光显微镜观察到青蒿琥酯处理的K562细胞出现不同程度的皱缩,核分裂相减少,细胞密度下降,漂浮细胞增多。RT-PCR检测结果显示DNA-PK表达下调。结论青蒿琥酯可通过下调K562细胞DNA-PK表达,诱导K562细胞凋亡发挥其抗癌作用。     

青蒿琥酯对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞生长的影响

目的:研究青蒿琥酯诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡作用及其可能机制.方法:应用流式细胞术(FCM)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法检测不同浓度下青蒿琥酯对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞生长的影响,并应用Western Blot法检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax的表达水平.结果:经青蒿琥酯处理后,人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡率升高,并具有时间浓度依赖性(P＜0.05),癌细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期;电镜观察肿瘤组织中散在凋亡细胞及凋亡小体;Western Blot法检测到凋亡相关基因Bcl-2表达减弱,Bax表达增强(P＜0.05).结论:青蒿琥酯能有效抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与下调凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、上调Bax表达有关.     

Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子增强青蒿琥酯诱导SKM-1细胞凋亡(英文)

目的:研究磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4和青蒿琥酯共聚物对MDS细胞株SKM-1细胞的抑制作用和潜在的机制。方法:用蛋白质印记法检测用或不用共聚物治疗SKM-1细胞的BCL-2、BAX、Caspase-3和Survivin的蛋白表达水平。用流式细胞术检测共聚物诱导的SKM-1细胞的凋亡率。结果:共聚物组的细胞凋亡率明显高于磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4组和青蒿琥酯组,磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4可以增强青蒿琥酯诱导SKM-1细胞凋亡。蛋白质印记法结果显示,Survivin和BCL-2在青蒿琥酯组表达下调,并且这个下调在青蒿琥酯和磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4共聚物组更为明显。与对照组和磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4组相比,青蒿琥酯组和共聚物组的BAX水平增高。当青蒿琥酯结合磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4后活性Caspase-3水平明显上调。青蒿琥酯和磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4共聚物会激发SKM-1细胞凋亡相关基因表达水平的改变,其中BAX的上调与Survivin和BCL-2的下调是主要改变。结论:青蒿琥酯可以诱导SKM-1细胞的凋亡,磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4可增强青蒿琥酯诱导细胞凋亡的作用。     

佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠滑膜组织凋亡因子Fas／FasL及Bcl-2／Bax表达与青蒿琥酯的干预

背景:类风湿关节炎的发病与细胞凋亡过程异常密切相关,其滑膜细胞过度增生源于滑膜细胞凋亡的相对不足,诱导滑膜细胞凋亡对治疗类风湿关节炎有积极意义。青蒿素及其衍生物可诱导多种细胞凋亡。目的:观察青蒿琥酯对佐剂性关节炎滑膜组织中凋亡因子Fas/FasL及Bcl-2/Bax表达的影响。设计:随机对照观察。单位:三峡大学第一临床医学院。材料:实验于2005-09/2005-11在三峡大学免疫实验室及形态动物学实验室完成,选用50只生后8周雄性Wistar大鼠,体质量(150±21)g,清洁级,由华中科技大学同济医学院动物实验中心提供。完全Freud佐剂为美国SIGMA公司产品,青蒿琥酯注射液购自桂林南药股份有限公司。兔抗鼠Fas(SC-716)、兔抗鼠FasL多抗(SC-834)、山羊抗小鼠IgG抗体-HRP多聚体、兔抗鼠P53(M3566)多抗、Bcl-2(sc-7382)多抗、兔抗鼠Bax(sc-7480)多抗以及ABC复合物试剂盒和DAB显色试剂盒均为美国SantaCruz公司产品;甲氨蝶呤由上海华联制药有限公司生产;德国Leica生物应用显微镜及图象分析系统;德国Leica切片机。方法:摸球法随机将大鼠分为6组:空白组(n=8),模型组(n=8),青蒿琥酯高剂量组(n=10),青蒿琥酯低剂量组(n=8),青蒿琥酯加甲氨蝶呤组(n=8),甲氨蝶呤组(n=8)。①实验干预:按照文献叙述的模型构建方法,除空白组外,余5组每只右足跖处给予注射0.1mL完全Freud佐剂,致炎成佐剂性关节炎模型,空白组注射生理盐水0.1mL。致炎后第13天开始给药,青蒿琥酯高剂量组、青蒿琥酯低剂量组分别注射40,20mg/(kg·d)青蒿琥酯注射液,青蒿琥酯加甲氨蝶呤组注射20mg/(kg·d)青蒿琥酯注射液,0.4mg/(kg·3d)甲氨蝶呤注射液。甲氨蝶呤组给予注射0.4mg/(kg·3d)甲氨蝶呤注射液,模型组腹腔注射1mL/d生理盐水。各组给药方式均为腹腔注射。②实验评估:给药前及给药后13d分别评价大鼠关节肿胀指数;免疫组织化学法检测给药后13d大鼠滑膜组织中Fas/FasL、Bcl-2及Bax的表达情况。主要观察指标:各组关节肿胀指数及滑膜组织中凋亡相关因子Fas/FasL,Bcl-2/Bax的表达。结果:纳入大鼠50只均进入结果分析。①给药后13d,各实验组关节肿胀指数明显低于给药前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),各实验组关节肿胀指数均明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②青蒿琥酯高剂量组、青蒿琥酯低剂量组和青蒿琥酯加甲氨蝶呤组滑膜组织中FasL及Fas均上调,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),甲氨蝶呤组与模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);青蒿琥酯高剂量组、青蒿琥酯低剂量组、青蒿琥酯加甲氨蝶呤组及甲氨蝶呤组Bcl-2表达下调,Bax上调,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:实验证实青蒿琥酯具有诱导佐剂性关节炎病情缓解的作用,上调滑膜组织中Fas/FasL及Bax,下调Bcl-2的表达而诱导滑膜细胞凋亡可能是其机制之一。     

青蒿琥酯诱导人肝癌细胞株HepG2凋亡及其机制

目的探讨青蒿琥酯作用人肝癌细胞株HepG2后,对细胞凋亡的影响。方法常规培养人肝癌细胞株HepG2,设立空白对照组、青蒿琥酯不同浓度组(3.125μg/ml、6.25μg/ml、12.5μg/ml、25μg/ml、50μg/ml),对HepG2作用48h后,应用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,同时采用瑞氏染色法观察细胞凋亡;用RT-PCR检测caspase-3mRNA的表达,采用灰度分析比较表达的变化。结果青蒿琥酯(3.125μg/ml、6.25μg/ml、12.5μg/ml、25μg/ml、50μg/ml)处理HepG2细胞48h,呈浓度依赖性诱导细胞凋亡,且当青蒿琥酯浓度在6.25μg/ml以上时,各组凋亡率与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),瑞氏染色后光镜下可见处理组细胞发生凋亡形态学改变。与对照组比较,各实验组caspase-3的表达显著增加(P<0.01)。结论青蒿琥酯能显著诱导HepG2细胞凋亡,其机制可能与增强凋亡相关基因caspase-3的表达有关。     

大黄酸及大黄素诱导高糖大鼠肾小球系膜细胞的凋亡

背景：课题组前期实验证实中药复方消可宁能有效防治早期糖尿病肾病。目的：比较大黄酸与大黄素对高糖培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的影响程度。方法：分别用不同浓度20,40,80μmol/L的大黄酸和大黄素刺激高糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞,苏木精-伊红染色观察凋亡细胞形态,DAPI荧光染色观察细胞核凋亡情况,流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡率。结果与结论：苏木精-伊红染色及 DAPI 染色结果显示大黄酸对髙糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的影响程度强于大黄素的影响程度。细胞凋亡率的对比显示大黄酸对髙糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞的早期凋亡率与晚期凋亡率均强于大黄素。说明低中高浓度的大黄酸、大黄素均可诱导肾小球系膜细胞凋亡,但大黄酸的药效强于大黄素。     

大黄素干预高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞的凋亡

背景:前期工作已经证实中药复方消可宁(制大黄、制附子、生黄芪)能有效防治早期糖尿病肾病并获得国家专利(专利号:200410064899X)。目的:观察大黄主要活性成分大黄素对高糖培养的SD大鼠肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的影响。方法:用20,40,80μmol/L大黄素刺激高糖培养的SD大鼠肾小球系膜细胞,苏木精-伊红染色观察凋亡细胞形态,4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚荧光染色观察细胞核凋亡情况,流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡率。结果与结论:苏木精-伊红染色及4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚染色结果显示大黄素对高糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞的凋亡有影响,且与浓度与时间成正相关,细胞凋亡率组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。提示大黄素可诱导肾小球系膜细胞凋亡,且与药物浓度及时间成正相关。     

Fas及FasL和Caspase-3在青蒿琥酯诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞凋亡中的表达

背景:青蒿琥酯具有减轻肺纤维化的作用,但相关机制的研究罕见报道.目的:探讨青蒿琥酯对人胚肺成纤维细胞凋亡的作用及其与Fas,FasL,Caspase-3表达的关系.方法:用1,10,100 mg/L青蒿琥酯分别干预体外培养的人胚肺成纤维细胞.采用CCK-8法检测青蒿琥酯对人胚肺成纤维细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR法测定Fas,FasL,Caspase-3 的mRNA的表达.结果与结论:青蒿琥酯呈浓度依赖性抑制人胚肺成纤维细胞增殖,细胞经青蒿琥酯作用后凋亡率明显增加(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),Fas,FasL,Caspase-3 mRNA的表达显著高于对照组(P < 0.05).结果证实,青蒿琥酯可通过上调Fas,FasL,Caspase-3 mRNA的表达抑制人胚肺成纤维细胞增殖、并促进细胞凋亡,发挥抗肺纤维化作用.     

Fas及FasL和Caspase-3在青蒿琥酯诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞凋亡中的表达

背景：青蒿琥酯具有减轻肺纤维化的作用,但相关机制的研究罕见报道。目的：探讨青蒿琥酯对人胚肺成纤维细胞凋亡的作用及其与Fas,FasL,Caspase-3表达的关系。方法：用1,10,100mg/L青蒿琥酯分别干预体外培养的人胚肺成纤维细胞。采用CCK-8法检测青蒿琥酯对人胚肺成纤维细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR法测定Fas,FasL,Caspase-3的mRNA的表达。结果与结论：青蒿琥酯呈浓度依赖性抑制人胚肺成纤维细胞增殖,细胞经青蒿琥酯作用后凋亡率明显增加（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,Fas,FasL,Caspase-3mRNA的表达显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结果证实,青蒿琥酯可通过上调Fas,FasL,Caspase-3mRNA的表达抑制人胚肺成纤维细胞增殖、并促进细胞凋亡,发挥抗肺纤维化作用。     

Artesunate induces oxidative DNA damage, sustained DNA double-strand breaks, and the ATM/ATR damage response in cancer cells

Artesunate, the active agent from Artemisia annua L. used in the traditional Chinese medicine, is being applied as a first-line drug for malaria treatment, and trials are ongoing that include this drug in cancer therapy. Despite increasing interest in its therapeutic application, the mode of cell killing provoked by artesunate in human cells is unknown. Here, we show that artesunate is a powerful inducer of oxidative DNA damage, giving rise to formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites and the formation of 8-oxoguanine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine. Oxidative DNA damage was induced in LN-229 human glioblastoma cells dose dependently and was paralleled by cell death executed by apoptosis and necrosis, which could be attenuated by radical scavengers such as N-acetyl cysteine. Oxidative DNA damage resulted in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) as determined by γH2AX foci that colocalized with 53BP1. Upon chronic treatment with artesunate, the level of DSB continuously increased over the treatment period up to a steady-state level, which is in contrast to ionizing radiation that induced a burst of DSB followed by a decline due to their repair. Knockdown of Rad51 by short interfering RNA and inactivation of DNA-PK strongly sensitized glioma cells to artesunate. These data indicate that both homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining are involved in the repair of artesunate-induced DSB. Artesunate provoked a DNA damage response (DDR) with phosphorylation of ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2. Overall, these data revealed that artesunate induces oxidative DNA lesions and DSB that continuously increase during the treatment period and accumulate until they trigger DDR and finally tumor cell death.     

EVn-50对人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究EVn-50体外对人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法:体外培养Hela细胞,台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞活力;AO/EB染色荧光显微镜观察EVn-50诱导Hela细胞凋亡形态学改变;DNA凝胶电泳确证EVn-50诱导Hela细胞凋亡作用;PI染色流式细胞仪检测EVn-50诱导Hela细胞凋亡率。结果:EVn-50体外对人宫颈癌Hela细胞的增殖具有显著抑制作用,呈浓度依赖性。EVn-50可诱导Hela细胞凋亡,AO/EB染色可见典型凋亡小体;DNA凝胶电泳在EVn-50浓度100μg/mL作用48h出现典型"梯形"DNA条带;PI染色流式法显示EVn-50在10、100μg/mL作用Hela细胞48h后,凋亡率分别为(8.80±0.16)%及(20.93±0.62)%,呈浓度依赖性。结论:EVn-50具有抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡作用。     

HIV Tat protein increases Bcl-2 expression in monocytes which inhibits monocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-induced ligand

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of HIV Tat protein on Bcl-2 expression in human monocytes, and observe apoptosis of Tat-stimulated monocytes induced by TNF-alpha-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL). METHODS: Western blot was used to detect Bcl-2 expression in monocytes stimulated by HIV Tat protein, and Annexin V and 7-AAD staining were used to detect apoptosis of monocytes induced by TRAIL. RESULTS: HIV Tat protein increased Bcl-2 expression in human monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V staining showed that 51.54% of monocytes underwent apoptosis after being treated with 100 ng/ml recombinant TRAIL. When monocytes were prestimulated with HIV Tat, only 15.46% of monocytes underwent apoptosis. This effect can be inhibited by polyclonal anti-Tat serum. 7-AAD staining showed similar results. CONCLUSION: HIV Tat protein increases Bcl-2 expression in monocytes which inhibited apoptosis induced by TRAIL. HIV Tat protein may play an important role in the mechanisms of HIV-persistent infection in monocytes.     

5，7-二甲氧基白杨素对体外培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的影响

[目的】观察5,7-二甲氧基白杨素（dMchR）对体外培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的影响。【方法】运用A0／EB荧光双染色法观察HeLa细胞凋亡形态;采用PI单染流式细胞术检测HeLa细胞凋亡率;运用FITC荧光标记流式细胞术分析HeLa细胞的Bcl-2,Bax蛋白的表达。【结果]dMChR能有效地诱导HeLa细胞凋亡;dMChR能下调HeLa细胞的Bcl-2蛋白表达,上调Bax蛋白表达,且呈浓度依赖性变化。【结论]dM—ChR具有诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡作用,这种作用与上调细胞Bax／Bcl-2比值有关。     

Artesunate attenuates inflammatory injury and inhibits the NF-κB pathway in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia

ObjectiveInflammation is an important factor in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia. Artesunate exhibits a broad range of anti-inflammatory properties in many diseases. We investigated the potential protective effect of artesunate against cerebral ischemia and the related mechanisms.MethodsMice were divided into distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO), sham, low dose, and high dose groups and subjected to dMCAO, except for the sham group. The low and high dose groups were administered artesunate (15 and 30 mg/kg), and the neuroprotective effects were analyzed by evaluating infarct volumes and neurological deficits. Microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. Inflammatory mediators were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB nuclear translocation was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting.ResultsCompared with the dMCAO group, artesunate significantly improved neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes and ameliorated inflammation by reducing neutrophil infiltration, suppressing microglial activation, and downregulating tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression. Furthermore, artesunate inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB and inhibitor protein α proteolysis.ConclusionsArtesunate protected against inflammatory injury by reducing neutrophil infiltration and microglial activation, suppressing inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, artesunate is a potential ischemic stroke treatment.     

Artesunate, artemether or quinine in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria?

Quinine and the artemisinin-derivative drugs artesunate and artemether are effective treatments for severe falciparum malaria. Trials comparing artemether with quinine have not demonstrated convincing evidence of a mortality advantage for artemether. The South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Malaria Trial (SEAQUAMAT), a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial in 1461 adults with severe malaria in Asia compared artesunate with quinine. Mortality was 15% in the artesunate group and 22% in the quinine group, a reduction of 34.7% (95% confidence interval: 18.5-47.6%) in the artesunate group, with almost all the benefit reported in those with high parasite counts. Artesunate should constitute first-line treatment for severe malaria in Asia. These results can probably be generalized to the treatment of severe malaria in adults from all areas, especially in those with hyperparasitemia. However, it is unclear whether these results can be generalized to children in Africa, who constitute the majority of those who die from severe malaria worldwide.