定量感觉检查在糖尿病周围神经病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨定量感觉检查(QST)在糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)诊断中的应用价值。方法对139例T2DM患者(T2DM组)和48名正常人(NC组)分别进行QST和神经传导速度(NCV)测定。结果病程≤3年T2DM组QST阈值与NC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);病程≤3年T2DM组QST阈值与病程3年T2DM组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。NCV正常T2DM组冷觉、温觉、热痛觉的阈值与NC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);T2DM组QST异常率高于NCV的异常率(χ~2=18.019,P0.01);病程3年T2DM组QST的异常率高于病程≤3年T2DM组异常率(χ~2=9.181,P0.01);病程3年T2DM组NCV的异常率高于病程≤3年T2DM组异常率(χ~2=8.53,P0.01)。结论 DPN早期以小纤维受累为主,QST可为DPN的早期诊断提供可靠依据。QST较常规NCV测定在DPN诊断中具有更高的灵敏度,可作为常规NCV的必要补充。     

糖尿病周围神经病变定量感觉检查及神经传导速度检查的相关性和临床选择比较

目的分析定量感觉检查（QST）及神经传导速度（NCV）检查在诊断糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）中的相关性及差异,探讨临床应用选择。方法根据有或无DPN症状将434名2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者分为有症状组和无症状组,每个患者进行双侧正中、尺、胫神经运动支的NCV及正中、腓肠神经感觉支的NCV和冷感觉、热感觉及振动觉的测定,分析比较QST与NCV检查的相关性及不同情况下两种检查的一致性。结果QST与NCV检查结果有显著相关性（P均〈0.001）;温度觉的异常率均显著大于NCV及振动觉（P均〈0.05）;在NCV检查正常的患者中,冷、热感觉的异常率分别为45.6%和36.8%,在QST正常的患者中,正中、尺、胫神经运动支及正中、腓肠神经感觉支的NCV的异常率分别为21.8%、20.9%、29.1%、24.5%和30.9%。结论在DPN诊断中,QST与NCV检查显著相关,但不能完全相互替代,全面了解DPN病情还需要结合临床。     

糖尿病痛性周围神经病的临床及电生理特点分析

目的探讨糖尿病痛性周围神经病（PDPN）的临床和电生理特点。方法严格入选32例PDPN患者,病程〉1年,疼痛视觉模拟评分〉4,未伴有其他内科系统合并症,进行视觉模拟评分（VAS）并记录疼痛性质。电生理检测包括：常规神经传导速度（NCV）、定量感觉检测（温度觉）（QST-t）。结果PDPN往往有客观的感觉异常,但神经系统体征不典型,NCV检测可正常,而QST—t可有异常表现,本组NCV检测13例正常,其中11例QST-t异常;本组NCV异常率为59．4％,QST异常率为87．5％,QST＋NCV异常率为93．7％。VAS与QST的上下肢热痛觉（HP）呈正相关（t=0．595、P=0．009;t=0．784、P=0．004）,与胫神经的感觉神经传导速度（SCV）呈负相关（t=-0．554;P=0．032）;与其它电生理各项参数不相关,与空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、病程及疼痛病程不相关。结论PDPN以小纤维受累为主,QST可为早期PDPN提供客观的临床依据;疼痛程度与C类纤维及下肢胫神经感觉纤维病变有一定的相关性。     

振动觉阈值检查对周围神经病变的诊断价值

神经电生理检查可提高其早期诊断率,检查项目包括神经传导速度(nerve conduction velocity,NCV)和末梢感觉定量检查(quantitative sensory test,QST)[1].QST包括定量温度觉检查(quantitative thermal testing,QTT)和定量振动觉检查(quantitative vibratory testing,QVT).本文通过对2型糖尿病(DM)患者进行QVT,同时测定NCV,比较两者检查结果.以了解振动觉阈值检查对糖尿病周围神经病变的诊断价值.     

振动觉阈值检查对周围神经病变的诊断价值

神经电生理检查可提高其早期诊断率。检查项目包括神经传导速度（nerve conduction velocity，NCV）和末梢感觉定量检查（quantitative sensory test，QST）（QST包括定量温度觉检查（quantitative thermal testing，QTT）和定量振动觉检查（quantitative vibratory testing，QVT）。本文通过对2型糖尿病（DM）患者进行QVT，同时测定NCV，比较两者检查结果，以了解振动觉闽值检查对糖尿病周围神经病变的诊断价值。     

糖尿病神经病变病人末梢感觉定量检查方法的探讨与临床应用

目的 探讨糖尿病(DM)病人末梢感觉定量检测方法(QST)及其在临床应用的价值。方法 采用计算机辅助感觉定量检查仪，检测120名正常人与92例DM病人四肢末梢的冷、热感觉，冷、热痛觉和振动觉等5项。结果 检测结果，临床常规检查有糖尿病神经病变(DPN)病人的检测数值100％异常，常规检查无神经病变的，与同时采用四肢末梢5项检测的数值比较，差异无显著意义(X^2-0．922，P=0．631)；DM病人QST检测结果与正常人数值比较，温度觉与振动觉明显减退；QST检查发现的DM末梢感觉异常人数比临床常规检查发现的明显增多(X^2=10．985，P=0．001)，这两种检查的异常人数又都与DM病程相关。结论 DM病人QST可选择足部作常规检查；计算机辅助感觉定量检测是早期发现DPN的良好指标。     

糖尿病周围神经病变患者的电生理检查结果及患病危险因素分析

目的观察糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的电生理检查结果 ,分析患病危险因素。方法 354例T2DM患者均行神经传导速度(NCV)和皮肤交感反应(SSR)检测,根据结果分为合并DPN(DPN)组228例与未合并DPN(NDPN)组126例。比较两组一般资料、生化指标及糖尿病并发症发生率。采用Logistic回归分析DPN的危险因素。结果 NCV联合SSR检出DPN的异常率较单独应用NCV或SSR高(64.4%vs56.2%vs 32.8%,χ~2=76.401,P=0.000);DPN组年龄、糖尿病病程、2 hPG、DR和糖尿病慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患病率均高于NDPN组(P0.05);年龄、糖尿病病程、合并DR是T2DM合并DPN的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论 NCV与SSR联合应用可提高DPN的检出率;高龄、糖尿病病程长、合并DR均可导致T2DM并发DPN的风险增加。     

2型糖尿病周围神经病变与血清TAOC、MDA、SOD相关性研究

测定89例NDPN患者与33例DPN患者的TAOC及MDA,SOD水平,同时记录血压、身高、体重、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿酸(UA)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、计算体重指数(BMI)。采用肌电图测定神经传导速度(NCV)。结果非DPN组与DPN组比较BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、FPG、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、Scr、UA、HbA1c、SOD无统计学差异(P>0.05),而年龄、病程、FIB、TAOC、MDA在两组间有统计学差异(P<0.05),通过多因素Logistic回归分析:MDA、年龄、病程进入回归方程(P<0.05)。结论年龄、病程、血清的MDA水平的增高,与糖尿病周围神经病变的发生相关。     

糖尿病视网膜病变发病危险因素的临床分析

目的分析糖尿病视网膜病变发病危险因素。方法随机选取该医院100例糖尿病视网膜病变患者作为观察组,同时选取100例糖尿病非视网膜病变患者作为对照组,对两组患者临床就诊资料进行回顾性分析,对比各项指标,分析糖尿病视网膜病变发病危险因素。结果观察组糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血压、肌酐、尿微量蛋白等均出现明显改变,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);logistic回归分析结果证实,糖尿病病程、空腹血糖值、尿微量蛋白是糖尿病视网膜病变的独立危险因素。结论糖尿病视网膜病变发病因素比较复杂,是多种因素共同作用的结果,强化危险因素防治,对控制析糖尿病视网膜病变发病具有一定疗效。     

肌电电生理诊断糖尿病早期周围神经病变的敏感指标探讨

本文报道了１７１例糖尿病患者通过肌电图电生理检查，测定运动和感觉传导速度及胫神经Ｈ反射的结果，并分析了临床症状，发现糖尿病周围神经病１１６例（６７．８％），其中单纯Ｈ反射异常２７例，神经传导异常兼有或无Ｈ反射异常８９例，提出了诊断糖尿病性周围神经病电生理检查最敏感的指标，并探讨了神经传导与年龄、病程、空腹血糖、果糖胺及ＨｂＡｌｃ之间的相互关系。     

住院老年2型糖尿病患者微血管病变的相关因素分析

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者微血管病变的构成比及相关因素。方法用回顾性分析的方法研究2003年～2010年于卫生部北京医院住院治疗的年龄≥60岁的2型糖尿病患者876例,分为糖尿病肾病(DN)组和非糖尿病肾病(非DN)组,糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)组和非糖尿病视网膜病变(非DR)组,糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)组和非糖尿病周围神经病变(非DPN)组,计算DN、DR、DPN构成比,比较患者的临床特点,并探寻老年2型糖尿病患者DR、DN、DPN的相关因素。结果 (1)DN构成比为34.5%,DR构成比为42.4%,DPN构成比为82.3%。(2)DN与非DN两组间体质量指数(BMI)、糖尿病病程、高血压病程、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FBS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿酸(UA)均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);DR与非DR两组间仅糖尿病病程、SBP、空腹C肽(FCP)有显著性差异(均P<0.01);DPN与非DPN两组间年龄、糖尿病病程、HbA1c、TC、LDL有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)Logistic回归结果显示,DN与SBP、HbA1c、FBS、HDL、UA、糖尿病病程有关(OR值分别为1.022、1.098、1.075、0.501、1.004,1.048,P<0.05或P<0.01);DR与SBP、HbA1c、糖尿病病程有关(OR值分别为1.017、1.102、1.097,P<0.05或P<0.01);DPN与HbA1c、LDL、糖尿病病程、年龄有关(OR值分别为1.226、1.370、1.041、1.058,P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论对于老年2型糖尿病患者,DN、DR、DPN均与糖尿病病程和HbA1c有关,控制血糖对防治微血管病变意义重大,综合控制血糖、血压、血脂、尿酸可以更好的防治糖尿病微血管并发症。     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关危险因素分析

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关危险因素。方法　应用多因素逐步回归的分析方法对 68例糖尿病肾病 (DN)患者有关危险因素 (病程、血压、血糖、胰岛素、C 肽、血脂 )进行分析。结果　DN组与非DN组比较 ,血压、血糖、胰岛素明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,多元回归分析显示 ,与DN相关的危险因素为舒张压、空腹及餐后血糖、空腹胰岛素和病程等。结论　DN的发生与高血压、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、病程相关     

Bedside neuropathy disability score compared to quantitative sensory testing for measurement of diabetic neuropathy in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND: While regular yearly screening for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy is well established in patients with diabetes mellitus, there are no standardized diagnostic tests for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In the present study, we compared the bedside neuropathy disability score (NDS) with quantitative sensory testing (QST) for screening for DPN in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred sixty-six patients aged 10 to 34 years (median 21 years) were evaluated for DPN by the NDS and QST. Quantitative sensory testing was also done in 43 healthy, age-matched controls. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy grade by both methods was correlated with disease-related variables. RESULTS: On QST, the diabetic group had significantly higher mean scores for vibration (P<.001) and warm sensation (P<.01) than controls, and lower scores for cold sensation (P<.05); however, there was a great degree of overlap. The NDS significantly correlated with the vibration threshold, but not with the warm and cold thresholds. The NDS significantly correlated with age at testing, diabetes duration, and long-term and current HbA1c levels (P<.001), and with the presence of microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy (P<.001). Analysis of the QST variables yielded significant correlations of vibration and warm sensation with age at testing (P<.001, P<.05, respectively) and of vibration with diabetes duration (P<.001) and retinopathy (P=.05); none of the quantitative tests correlated with glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: The stronger association of the NDS with glycemic control and other microvascular complications compared to the perception thresholds, and its shorter time of performance and lack of costly equipment, may make the NDS the preferred method for measuring DPN in this population.     

2型糖尿病踝肱指数与周围神经病变的关系：427例临床分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者踝肱指数与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）之间的关系。方法对427例2型糖尿病患者采用多普勒血流探测仪测定踝肱指数（ABI）,并依据ABI分为,周围动脉病变（PAD）组（ABI〈0．9）和非PAD组（ABI≥0．9）,同时检测所有患者胫后感觉神经传导速度（NCV）、潜伏期、振幅,进行组间比较,并对上述指标进行线性相关分析及多元线性回归。结果ABI〈0．9者115例,占26．9％,与非PAD组比较,PAD组周围NCV明显下降【左NCV：（30±8）VS（32±7）m／s,右NCV：（29±6）VS（33±7）m／s,P〈0．01],潜伏期延长[左潜伏期：（8．2±2．0）VS（7．4±1．4）ms,右潜伏期：（8．3±1．7）w（7．4±1．3）ms,P〈0．01],振幅下降[左振幅：（10±12）vs（15±16）mV,右振幅：（9±7）vs（14±13）mV,P〈0．011;相关分析显示,踝肱指数与潜伏期呈负相关、与振幅呈正相关;在调整年龄、病程、体质量指数（BMI）、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL．C）、血肌酐、NCV和振幅,多元逐步回归提示,ABI与年龄、LDL．C、NCV、BMI相关。结论2型糖尿病患者中,PAD可能是DPN的重要危险因素或影响因素。     

影响2型糖尿病患者尿铜蓝蛋白及白蛋白的因素

目的　评价影响 2型糖尿病患者尿铜蓝蛋白 (Cp)及尿白蛋白 (Alb)的因素。 方法　记录及测定 1 0 4 6例 2型糖尿病患者的年龄、性别、糖尿病病程、血压、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、身高、体重、体重指数、空腹血糖、HbA1c、空腹胰岛素、尿素氮、肌酐 (Cr)、尿酸、血脂、血Alb,并留取晨尿测定Cp、Alb及Cr,对尿Alb/Cr、尿Cp/Cr与以上因素行多元线性回归分析。部分患者分入控制血糖组、控制血压组或对照组 ,6个月后复查上述指标 ,比较尿Alb/Cr及尿Cp/Cr的变化。结果　尿Alb/Cr与血白蛋白、血Cr、尿酸、收缩压、体重、体重指数等因素相关 (P <0 .0 5)。尿Cp/Cr与血Alb、收缩压、空腹血糖、HbA1c等因素相关 (P <0 .0 5)。控制血糖和控制血压可降低尿Alb/Cr及尿Cp/Cr。 结论　尿Alb/Cr及尿Cp/Cr均受到糖代谢、脂质代谢、血压及肥胖等因素的影响     

2型糖尿病患者听觉阈值与周围神经病变的关系分析

目的 通过比较无糖尿病的人群和2型糖尿病患者的纯音听阈值、振动觉阈值(VPT),了解2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变(DPN)与耳聋的关系.方法 测定173例研究对象的VPT及纯音听阈值,2型糖尿病患者同时测定感觉神经传导速度(SCV)和运动神经传导速度(MCV),将其分为对照组35例,无糖尿病神经病变组74例,糖尿病伴神经病变组64例.比较3组的基本情况、感音神经性耳聋(SNHL)发生率、纯音听阈值和VPT值,分析听阈值和神经传导速度的关系.结果 伴神经病变的糖尿病组SNHL发生率为29.69%,明显高于无糖尿病神经病变组(17.57%)和对照组(17.14%),且3组的年龄、糖尿病病程、HbA1c、糖化血清蛋白(GA)、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、VPT和听阈值之间有显著性差异(均P＜0.05).不同VPT亚组的听阈值之间也存在明显差异(均P＜0.05).正中神经传导速度与1.00、2.00、4.00、8.00kHz听阈值呈明显负相关,logistic回归分析显示,年龄(回归系数=0.088,P＜0.01)是SNHL的独立危险因素,正中神经MCV(回归系数=-0.135,P=0.046)是影响SNHL的重要因素.结论 糖尿病患者易影响中高频听力,DPN患者常同时合并听力受损,年龄、正中神经MCV是影响SNHL的主要危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective In order to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and diabetic peripheral neuropathy( DPN ) via comparing the pure tone thresholds and vibration perception threshold(VPT) in type 2 diabetic patients and control person without diabetes. Methods 173 subjects including 138 type 2 diabetic patients(DM)and 35 non-diabetes controls were examined for VPT and hearing threshold. Nerve conducting velocity ( NCV )including sensory nerve conducting velocity( SCV )and motorial nerve conducting velocity( MCV )of diabetic patients were determined. The participants were divided into three groups: control group (n = 35 ), DM group without peripheral neuropathy( non-PN group, n = 74 ), and DM group complicated with peripheral neuropathy (PN group,n = 64 ). The clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters , the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL),pure tone threshold, and VPT were compared among three groups. At last, the relationship between hearing thresholds and NCV were analyzed. Results The incidence of hearing impairment of sensorineural type was 29.69% in PN group, which was significantly higher than that of non-PN group( 17.57% )and control group( 17. 14% ). There was significant differences in age, duration of diabetes, glycolated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycolated serum albumin ( GA), Fasting blood glucose( FPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose( PPG), VPT, and hearing threshold among the three groups( all P＜0. 05 ). The value of hearing threshold increased significantly( all P＜0. 05 ) in 3 VPT subgroups with VPT≤ 15 V, VPT 16-25 V, and VPT ＞25 V. The Spearman correlation analysis showed median NCV was negatively correlated with hearing threshold on 1.00, 2.00, 4. 00, and 8. 00 kHz ( All P ＜ 0. 05 ). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the age( regression coefficient =0. 088, P＜0. 01 ) was the independent risk factor of SNHL, median nerve MCV ( regression coefficient = -0. 135, P = 0. 046 ) was the important influencing factor of SNHL. Conclusion Diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from impaired middle-frequency and high-frequency hearing, DPN in patients is often complicated with hearing impairment. Age and median nerve MCV were major risk factors of SNHL in diabetic patients.     

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??Objective To understand the incidence of metabolic syndrome(MS)when women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) gave birth one year later??and to find its influencing factors.Methods 126 women diagnosed with GDM were selected(GDM group) and came to our hospital for prenatal examination??and paid a return visit 1 year after childbirth.Meanwhile??114 women with normal glycometabolism??who gave birth at the same time and paid a return visit 1 year after childbirth(NGT group).At middle pregnancy??we asked all the women about their progestational body weight??diabetic family history??gestation history and so on??and then we collected their body height??weight??blood glucose at OGTT test??fasting plasma insulin??fasting plasma lipid and hs-CRP.One year after childbirth??we measured their body height??weight??abdominal girth??blood pressure??fasting plasma glucose and lipid when they paid a return visit.Results As compared with the NGT group??GDM gouup had more severe metabolic disorder??which lasted 1 year after they gave birth.One year after childbirth??the incidence of MS in GDM gouup was 17.5% (22/126)??and that in the NGT group was 7.9% (9/114).Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors in association with the incidence of MS after childbirth included fasting plasma glucose at OGTT test??BMI at progestation??hs-CRP at pregnancy and pregnant age??and their OR value were 96.48??1.63??1.47 and 1.44??respectively.Conclusion The incidence of MS is notably higher in GDM gouup??and fasting plasma glucose at pregnancy??body mass index at progestation??hs-CRP at pregnancy and pregnant age may predict MS incidence after childbirth.     

内源分泌型晚期糖基化终末产物受体与糖尿病周围神经病变的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变(DPN)与内源分泌型晚期糖基化终末产物受体(esRAGE)的关系.方法 收集2008年6月至2009年3月于福建医科大学第二医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者61例及门诊体检的健康志愿者24名,根据有无合并糖尿病周围神经病变将糖尿病患者分2组,DPN组62例,无DPN组19例.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆esRAGE水平.应用肌电诱发电位仪进行神经功能检查.测定受试者血压、体重指数、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂.采用student t检验和非参数Mann-Whitney U检验分析两组问数据,利用Logistic回归分析糖尿病周围神经病变的相关因素.结果 正常对照组和2型糖尿病组患者血浆esRAGE水平无明显差别[(0.28±0.13)μg/L和(0.25±0.15)μg/L,P＞0.05],但在2型糖尿病患者中合并DPN组和无合并DPN组之间血浆esRAGE水平差别有显著性意义[(0.21±0.14)μg/L和(0.33±0.13)μg/L,P＜0.01],两组之间的年龄和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)也存在差别,Logistic回归分析提示年龄、HbA1c、血浆esRAGE水平与糖尿病周围神经病变相关,esRAGE是糖尿病周围神经病变保护因素(OR=0.001,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者血浆esRAGE水平和正常人无明显差别.esRAGE是2型糖尿病周围神经病变的保护因素,而年龄和HbAlc是其危险因素.     

Clinical significance of apelin in the treatment of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Background:Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. As apelin is an adipocytokine closely associated with diabetes, this study explored the clinical significance of serum apelin levels in patients with type 2 DPN before and after treatment.Methods:In total, 44 patients with T2DM without DPN (non-DPN group), 41 patients with DPN who received antihyperglycemic treatment (DPN-A group), 44 patients with DPN who received antihyperglycemic treatment combined with nutritional neurotherapy (DPN-B group), and 40 healthy control individuals (NC group) were selected continuously enrolled in the present study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to determine serum levels of apelin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Related apelin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, TNF-α, body mass index, fasting C peptide, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were recorded in each group before and after treatment.Results:Serum levels of apelin and TNF-α were higher in patients with diabetes than those in the NC group, as well as in the DPN group as compared to the non-DPN group; furthermore, some NCV values were significantly reduced in the DPN group. After treatment, the serum levels of apelin, TNF-α, and FBG reduced in patients with diabetes; moreover, apelin levels were found significantly lower in the DPN-B group as compared to the DPN-A group, while some NCV values significantly increased in the DPN-B group. Apelin was negatively correlated with part of NCV values and positively correlated with TNF-α and FBG (P < .01).Conclusion:Our results show that the increase in serum apelin levels is an important clinical reference index for DPN, while a decrease indicates that the DPN treatment is effective.