红细胞膜反式脂肪酸、血浆氨基酸的含量与代谢综合症的相关性分析

目的:研究红细胞膜反式脂肪酸(TFA)及血浆氨基酸含量与代谢综合症(MS)的相关性.方法:选取2015年7~12月,237例40~65岁人群作为研究对象,根据临床诊断结果分为MS组(33例)与非MS组(NMS组,204例),统计和比较两组的人口学资料、基本健康指标(身高、体重、血压、腰围)以及实验室指标(血脂、血糖、血浆氨基酸含量及TFA构成).结果:MS患病率为13.92%(33/237);MS组的支链氨基酸(异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸)以及生酮氨基酸(赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸)含量均明显高于NMS组,而生糖氨基酸(丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸)含量明显低于NMS组;MS组的反式18:1脂肪酸(t18:1)及反式16:1脂肪酸(t16:1)构成均明显高于NMS组,反式/顺式16:1脂肪酸(t16:1/c16:1)比例明显降低,而反式/顺式18:1脂肪酸(t18:1/c18:1)比例明显升高;相关性分析显示,支链氨基酸及生酮氨基酸与MS的发生呈显著正相关性,成糖氨基酸与MS的发生呈显著负相关性,t18:1及t16:1均与MS呈显著正相关性.结论:MS患者存在明显的TFA构成及氨基酸代谢异常,TFA构成降低、血浆支链与生酮氨基酸含量降低、血浆生糖氨基酸含量升高与MS的发生密切相关.     

2，4—二芳基—1，3—二硫戊环化合物的定量构效关系研究

目的 为进一步设计和研究2，4-二芳基-1，3-二硫戊环化合物提供可参考依据。方法 对合成的68个2，4-二芳基-1，3-二硫戊环化合物以POLYGEN软件中的GHARMn程序对其活性化合物的结构进行计算机分子模拟，根据所得化合物的能量最低构象，计算了其VDW体积，偶极矩，总键能，总键角能，总非正则能以及硫原子电荷等值，将其结果作为结构参数分别与这些化合物的iNOS抑制活性进行相关分析。结果 以逐步回归法建立了相关性方程：-logIC50=2.2847 0.1052X3 0.0589X6-0.0044X18(n=16,R=0.919466,S=0.711225,F=21.87605)。结论 二硫戊环类化合物的iNOS抑制活性与分子总键角能，分子总范德华能呈正相关，与二硫戊环2位芳基相连N原子电荷呈负相关。     

中链脂肪酸对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出的影响

目的 观察中链脂肪酸对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出的影响.方法 采用WST-1试剂检测200μmmol/L浓度的不同脂肪酸：辛酸（C8∶0）、癸酸（C10∶0）、豆蔻酸（C14∶0）、棕榈酸（C16∶0）、硬脂酸（C18∶0）、油酸（C18∶1）、亚油酸（C18∶2）、α-亚麻酸（C18∶3）对THP-1细胞活性的影响;建立ApoA1介导的胆固醇流出细胞模型;不同浓度脂肪酸（0μmmol/L、100μmmol/L、200μmmol/L）干预富集3H-胆固醇的THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞24h后,用液体闪烁计数仪检测并计算胆固醇的流出率.结果 不同脂肪酸在200μmmol/L浓度时,对THP-1细胞无细胞毒性作用（P＞0.05）;与空白组比较,ApoA1介导的细胞胆固醇流出明显增加（P＜0.05）;随着脂肪酸浓度的增加,C8∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1和C18∶3脂肪酸对细胞胆固醇流出影响差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在200μmmol/L浓度时,C8∶0和C18∶3脂肪酸与对照组比较更能促进细胞胆固醇的流出（P＜0.05）,且C8∶0脂肪酸对促进胆固醇流出的影响明显高于C10∶0、C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1、C18∶2脂肪酸（P＜0.05）.结论 中链脂肪酸C8∶0能够促进THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞胆固醇的流出,且在200μmmol/L浓度时明显优于其他脂肪酸.     

2型糖尿病患者血清磷脂脂肪酸谱及其与血脂的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清磷脂脂肪酸谱及其与血脂的相关性。方法采用高效气相色谱法测定2型糖尿病组和健康对照组的血清磷脂脂肪酸谱,酶法测定血脂,分析二者的相关性。结果2型糖尿病组C16：0、C18：0、C18：1、C20：0、C20：2n-6、C20：1、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、n-6/n-3显著高于健康对照组（P〈0.05）;C18：2n-6、C20：3n-6、C22：6n-3、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、PUFA/SFA、n-6PUFA、n-3PUFA显著低于健康对照组（P〈0.05）。2型糖尿病患者的C16：1、C20：1、C22：2n-6与总胆固醇（TC）呈负相关（P〈0.05）;C22：2n-6、n-3PUFA与三酰甘油（TG）呈负相关（P〈0.05）;n-6PUFA、PU-FA、PUFA/SFA与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）呈正相关（P〈0.05）;C18：0与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）呈正相关（P〈0.01）;C16：1、C22：2n-6与LDL-C呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论2型糖尿病患者血清磷脂脂肪酸谱与健康者不同。2型糖尿病患者SFA、MUFA高于健康者,而PUFA低于健康者。SFA与LDL-C呈正相关,MUFA与TC、LDL-C呈负相关,PUFA与TC、TG、LDL-C呈负相关,PUFA与HDL-C呈正相关。     

Trans Fatty Acid Levels in Foods and Intakes among Population Aged 3 Years and above in Beijing and Guangzhou Cities,China

Objective To understand the dietary intake levels of trans fatty acids (TFA) in a Chinese population and establish a basis for health risk assessment of trans fatty acids.
Methods The TFA contents data of 2613 food items and food consumption data of 10,533 people aged 3 years and above in two large cities in China were matched and a simple assessment method was used to estimate the distribution of dietary TFA intake.
Results The mean content of TFA was highest in margarine (1.68±0.83 g/100g), followed by chocolate and candy (0.89±2.68 g/100g), edible vegetable oils (0.86±0.82 g/100g), milk (0.83±1.56 g/100g), and bakery foods (0.41±0.91 g/100g). TFA intake accounted for 0.34%, 0.30%, 0.32%, and 0.29%of the total energy intake in the 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, and≥18 year age groups, respectively. Of the populations studied, 0.42%demonstrated TFA intakes (as percentage of energy intake) greater than 1%. The main sources of dietary TFA intake were edible vegetable oils, milk, mutton, and beef, and baked foods, which accounted for 49.8%, 16.56%, 12.21%, and 8.87%, respectively.
Conclusion The current intake of TFA among people in two cities did not appear to be of major health concern regarding the threshold of TFA intake as the percentage of total energy recommended by the World Health Organization. Because most TFA were derived from industrially processed foods, the government should reinforce nutrition labeling and regulate food producers to further reduce TFA in food and to provide scientific instruction for consumers to make sound choices.     

社区老年高血压患者血浆磷脂脂肪酸的性别差异及其与血压的相关性研究

背景　高血压是影响老年人群生命质量的危险因素之一,高血压的发生与血脂代谢密切相关,且存在着性别差异,而血液脂肪酸谱是反映血脂代谢水平的重要指标,但其与高血压的发生与发展尚存争议。目的　探讨宁夏社区老年高血压患者血浆磷脂脂肪酸的性别差异及其与血压的相关性分析。方法　2016年3月在宁夏国际旅行卫生保健中心进行体检的宁夏社区居民2 231例,根据纳入、排除标准筛选出高血压患者282例,其中男149例,女133例。收集其一般资料,并进行体格检查、生化指标检查及血浆磷脂脂肪酸谱测定。采用Spearman秩相关分析血浆磷脂脂肪酸含量与收缩压、舒张压、脉压的关系,采用多元线性回归分析收缩压、舒张压、脉压的影响因素。结果　男性患者年龄、文化程度、已婚率、月收入、吸烟率、血肌酐、尿酸（UA）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平高于女性,总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平低于女性（P<0.05）。女性患者血浆磷脂脂肪酸C13：0、C22：1、C24：1、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、C18：3n-3、C18：3n-6、C20：2n-6含量均高于男性（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果显示,男性患者血浆磷脂脂肪酸C12：0、C20：4n-6与舒张压均呈负相关,C21：0、C18：1、C20：5n-3、C18：2n-6、C20：2n-6与舒张压均呈正相关（P<0.05）;C20：4n-6与脉压呈正相关,C24：0、C18：1、C18：3n-3、C20：5n-3、C20：2n-6与脉压均呈负相关（P<0.05）。女性患者血浆磷脂脂肪酸C10：0与收缩压呈负相关,C21：0、C22：0、C18：1T、C18：3n-3、C18：2TT与收缩压均呈正相关（P<0.05）;C22：0、C14：1与舒张压均呈正相关（P<0.05）;C18：1T、C18：3n-6与脉压均呈正相关（P<0.05）。患者血浆磷脂脂肪酸C22：0、C18：1T与收缩压均呈正相关,C23：0与收缩压呈负相关（P<0.05）;C12：0、C20：4n-6与舒张压均呈负相关,C15：0、C18：0、C21：0、C22：0、C18：1、C20：5n-3、C18：2n-6、C20：2n-6与舒张压均呈正相关（P<0.05）;C18：1T、C20：4n-6与脉压均呈正相关,C20：5n-3与脉压呈负相关（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,血浆磷脂脂肪酸C21：0〔β=3 312.095,95%CI（969.916,5 654.275）,P=0.007〕、C20：5n-3〔β=184.205,95%CI（16.822,351.588）,P=0.032〕、C20：2n-6〔β=-12 371.615,95%CI（-20 122.194,-4 621.037）,P=0.003〕是男性舒张压的影响因素,C18：3n-6〔β=492.867,95%CI（77.420,908.315）,P=0.021〕是女性脉压的影响因素,C18：1T〔β=113.848,95%CI（43.906,183.790）,P=0.002〕、C20：4n-6〔β=31.488,95%CI（2.431,60.546）,P=0.034〕是老年高血压患者脉压的影响因素。结论　宁夏社区女性老年高血压患者血浆磷脂脂肪酸C13：0、C22：1、C24：1、MUFA、C18：3n-3、C18：3n-6、C20：2n-6含量均高于男性,且C21：0、C20：5n-3、C20：2n-6与男性舒张压,C18：3n-6与女性脉压,C18：1T、C20：4n-6与脉压均呈正相关。因此,应该注意饮食,合理控制脂肪酸的摄入。     

Trans fatty acids (TFA): analysis,occurrence, intake and clinical relevance

More than one quarter of total daily calories are normally provided by fatty acids which contain at least one double bond. The usual configuration of these double bonds is the cis configuration. Trans fatty acids (TFA) are formed in technological and microbiological processes by isomerization of cis double bonds to trans double bonds. In the 1990s, there was public health concern about epidemiological studies suggesting that TFA increase the risk of coronary heart disease. High intakes of TFA may have an influence on total cholesterol and other blood parameters; but on the other hand there have been a lot of studies which have not been able to confirm these results. TFA are formed in varying amounts during the industrial hydrogenation of vegetable oils and in the first stomach of ruminants. Regular margarines contain varying contents of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, and therefore of TFA. The main dietary TFA are the trans octadecenoic acids, which contribute to approximately 80-90 % of total TFA content in foods. The predominant isomer of milk fat is trans vaccenic acid, which is directly influenced by ruminant feeding conditions. For a reliable identification and quantification of TFA in foods and other biological matrices it is necessary to use a combination of chromatographic methods (GC-FID, GC-MS, GC-FTIR, Ag superset +-HPLC).     

毛细管气相色谱法测定人体血液中的脂肪酸

介绍采用石英毛细管气相色谱法测量人体血液中的游离脂肪酸（FFA）和总脂肪酸（TFA）。该方法灵敏，可分离血浆中近20种脂肪酸，其中油酸（C18:1）、软脂酸（C16：0）、亚油酸（C18：2）、硬脂酸（C18：0）和软脂油酸（C16：1）5种脂肪酸占了血浆中FFA总量的约90％。本方法所需血量少，更适用于采血较困难的婴幼儿进行脂肪营养的研究。     

Dietary fatty acids and coronary heart disease

Epidemiological studies have confirmed a strong association between fat intake, especially saturated and trans fatty acids, plasma cholesterol levels and rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. Meanwhile it is clear, that early atherosclerosis is largely preventable by modifying nutritional behaviour and lifestyle. There is clear evidence that a diet moderate in total fat (25-35 % energy) is superior to extremes in dietary fat. Because fat is energy dense moderation in fat intake is also essential for weight control. Saturated fatty acids are very potent in increasing LDL-cholesterol concentration in plasma a dangerous risk factor for early CHD. Unsaturated fatty acids have numerous beneficial health effects. The results of prospective cohort studies fit well to the experimental experience of the antihypercholesterolemic action of Omega-6 fatty acids and the antithrombotic, vasodilatory and antiarrhythmic properties of Omega-3 fatty acids, while the optimistic rating of Omega-9 fatty acids is less supported by epidemiologic studies. The results of prospective cohort studies are confirmed by intervention trials revealing that saturated fatty acids enhance early development of CHD whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially of the Omega-3 type, significantly preserve from CHD. In context with a prudent diet pattern favourable dietary fatty acid composition offers the best chance for a reduced risk of CHD.     

中老年高脂血症患者血小板磷脂膜脂肪酸与血栓危害因子相关性研究

目的研究杭州地区中老年高脂血症患者血栓危害因子与血小板磷脂膜脂肪酸的相关性。方法对高脂血症组（81例）和正常血脂对照组（65例）,用气相色谱仪分析各种甲酯化血小板磷脂膜脂肪酸的含量,用标准方法测定血液中血栓危害因子血清同型半胱氨酸（Hey）及血栓素B2（TXB2）,并用多元线性回归分析二者之间的相关性。结果高脂血症患者的血小板磷脂膜脂肪酸与健康对照组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Hey与血小板磷脂膜廿二碳六烯酸（DHA）、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸与n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比值（n-3PUFA／n-6PUFA）呈明显负相关（r=-0．277、-0．231,均P〈0．01）。TXB2与花生四烯酸呈正相关（r=0．176,P〈0．05）,与DHA、廿碳五烯酸（EPA）和n-3PUFA／n-6PUFA呈明显负相关（r=-0．209、-0．194、-0．238,P〈0．01、0．05、0．01）。结论提高血小板磷脂膜n-3PUFA／n-6PUFA值有利于降低与血栓形成密切相关的危险因子Hey和TXB2的生成,为选择饮食提供依据。     

不同脂肪酸对高胆固醇血症小鼠体质量和血脂的影响

目的：比较6种脂肪酸对高胆固醇血症小鼠体质量和血脂的影响。方法建立C57BL/6J小鼠高胆固醇血症模型,分别用含2%的辛酸（C8∶0）、癸酸（C10∶0）、油酸（C18∶1）、α-亚麻酸（C18∶3）、棕榈酸（C16∶0）和硬脂酸（C18∶0）高胆固醇饲料喂养12周,12周时检测血脂及脂蛋白相关指标。结果研究12周后各组小鼠体质量均显著增加,辛酸（C8∶0）、癸酸（C10∶0）、油酸（C18∶1）对控制体质量增加的作用较棕榈酸（C16∶0）和硬脂酸（C18∶0）差异显著（P＜0.05）;6种脂肪酸均显示出不同程度血总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（HDL-C/LDL-C）增加的作用。辛酸（C8∶0）、癸酸（C10∶0）和α-亚麻酸（C18∶3）降低TC和LDL-C及升高HDL-C/LDL-C比值的作用比油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸显著（P＜0.05）。结论中链的饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）较长链的SFA降低小鼠体质量和血脂的作用显著。     

通过骨盆外测量推算中骨盆径的多元回归方程

以126例生育年龄非妊娠女工的髂结节间径、髂前上棘间径、大转子间径及坐骨结节间径为自变量估计因变量中骨盆横径,求出多元回归方程y=-6.89+0.05X_1+0.12X_2+0.23X_3+0.77X_4;以骶耻外径和骨盆倾斜度为自变量估计因变量中骨盆矢径,其回归方程为y=6.09+0.39X_1-0.05X_2;方差分析结果F值分别为40.59与8.26.均具有高度显著性;对偏回归系教进行显著性检验及进行逐步回归分析,得出最优方程为y=-6.87+0.16X_2+0.24X_3+0.78X_4与y=4.20+0.37骶耻外径,F检验结果F值分别为5.410与16.29,均具有极显著意义,可以应用于临床对中骨盆径的估计以取代X线测量.     

Effect of insulin in the induction and regression of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit.

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of long-term insulin therapy on the development and regression of lipid perturbations and experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbits: (1) Insulin administration for 15 days significantly reduced plasma lipid levels and free fatty acids in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet; it also inhibited the effects of a single dose of cholesterol. Paradoxically, continued insulin treatment led to the reinforcement of lipaemia through the stimulation of mobilization. Insulin administration during the development of atherosclerosis significantly aggravated the fatty infiltration of the aortic tissue and the lesions of the vessels, and also increased the frequency of coronary lesions. (2) In rabbits fed a cholesterol enriched diet during two months and then a normal diet, insulin treatment accelerated the rate of reduction of hypercholesterolaemia, but aggravated the lipid infiltration of the artery walls, and also prevented regression of coronary atherosclerosis.     

Effects of palm oil on cardiovascular risk.

A major public health concern of affluent nations is the excessive consumption of dietary fats which are now closely linked to coronary heart disease. Against this scenario, the tropical oils and palm oil in particular, have been cast as major villains in the U.S.A., despite the fact that palm oil consumption there is negligible. The unsuspecting public may not realise that the call to avoid palm oil is nothing more than a trade ploy since in recent years palm oil has been very competitive and has gained a major share of the world's edible oils and fats market. Many also lose sight of the fact that, palm oil, like other edible oils and fats, is an important component of the diet. The allegation that palm oil consumption leads to raised blood cholesterol levels and is therefore atherogenic is without scientific foundation. Examination of the chemical and fatty acid composition of palm oil or its liquid fraction should convince most nutritionists that the oil has little cholesterol-raising potential. The rationale for these are: it is considered cholesterol free. its major saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (16:0) has recently been shown to be neutral in its cholesterolaemic effect, particularly in situations where the LDL receptors have not been down-regulated by dietary means or through a genetic effect. palm oil contains negligible amounts (less than 1.5%) of the hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids, namely lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0). it has moderately rich amounts of the hypocholesterolaemic, monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1, omega-9) and adequate amounts of linoleic acid. (18:2, omega-6). It contains minor components such as the vitamin E tocotrienols which are not only powerful antioxidants but are also natural inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. Feeding experiments in various animal species and humans also do not support the allegation that palm oil is atherogenic. On the contrary, palm oil consumption reduces blood cholesterol in comparison with the traditional sources of saturated fats such as coconut oil, dairy and animal fats. In addition, palm oil consumption may raise HDL levels and reduce platelet aggregability. As with all nutrients, there is a need to obtain a balance of different fatty acids found in fats in edible oils and other food sources. There is no single ideal source of fat that answers to the recent American Heart Association's call to reflect a 1:1:1 ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in relation to the recommended dietary fat intake of 30% of calories or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

血瘀证量化诊断及病证结合研究

目的　探讨血瘀证量化诊断的方法和血瘀证证候实质。方法　对临床预试验血瘀证症状体征及客观指标进行t检验和回归分析。结果　 ( 1) 182例血瘀证与非血瘀证患者内皮素、一氧化氮、纤溶酶原激活物 t检验均有显著性差异。 ( 2 ) 170例血瘀证与非血瘀证患者血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、内皮素、一氧化氮、纤溶酶原激活物 6因素的逐步回归显示其贡献度的顺序为内皮素 >血红蛋白 >纤溶酶原激活物 >一氧化氮 ,甘油三酯及总胆固醇未能入选。 ( 3)对 6 0 1例患者血瘀证症状体征 4 0因素逐步回归分析 ,当F =6时选出的 18因素对血瘀证诊断贡献度最大 ,并得一回归方程。将数量化资料代入回归方程进行检验 ,总符合率为 94 .2 4 %。结论　通过多中心、前瞻性、大规模、随机对照的临床流行病学调查和临床试验 ,可以得出病证结合规范且量化的由症状、体征和客观指标构成的标准化中医证候。     

EFFECTS OF SIMVASTAIN COMBINED WITH OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON HIGH SENSITIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN,LIPIDEMIA,AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MIXED DYSLIPIDEMIA

Objective To evaluate the effects of simvastatin combined with omega-3 fatty acids on high sensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP), lipidemia, and fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipidemia.Methods A randomized, double-blind placebo controlled and parallel group trial was conducted. Patients with CHD and CHD risk equivalents with mixed dyslipidemia were treated with 10 or 20 mg simvastatin for 6-12 weeks. Following with the treatment of patients whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) reaching goal level (＜ 100 mg/dL) or close to the goal (＜ 130 mg/dL), while triglyceride (TG) ≥ 200 mg/dL and ＜ 500 mg/dL, was combined with omega-3fatty acids (3 g/d) or a placebo for 2 months. The effects of the treatment on HsCRP, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-ch, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch), TG, lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)], apolipoprotein Al (apoAl), apolipoprotein B (apoB),plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were investigated. Forty patients finished the study with each group consisting of twenty patients.Results (1) There were significant reductions of HsCRP, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-ch, which decreased by 2.16 ± 2.77mg/L (38.5%), 94.0± 65.4 mg/dL (31.1%), 13.3 ± 22.3 mg/dL (6.3%), 0.78 ± 1.60 respectively in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P ＜ 0.01, ＜ 0.001, ＜ 0.05, ＜ 0.05) compared to the baseline. HsCRP and triglyceride reduction were more significant in omega-3 fatty acids group compared to the placebo group (P= 0.021 and 0.011 respectively). (2) In the omega-3 fatty acids group, the values and percentage of TG reduction had a significantly positive relation with HsCRP reduction (r = 0.51and 0.45, P=0.021 and 0.047 respectively).Conclusion In CHD and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia's therapeutic effect using simvastatin and omega-3 fatty acids may result from not only the combination of lipid adjustment, but also enhancement of their own nonlipid influences.     

Cellular Fatty Acids as Chemical Markers for Differentiation of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

ObjectiveGas chromatography (GC) was used to investigate the cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition of 141 Acinetobacter baumannii and 32 A. calcoaceticus isolates from different locations in China and to find chemical markers to differentiate these two closely related bacteria.MethodsWhole cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction for GC analysis, followed by a standardized Microbial Identification System (MIS) analysis.ResultsAll A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains contained some major fatty acids, namely, 18:1 ω9c, 16:0, Sum In Feature 3, 12:0, 17:1ω8c, 3-OH-12:0, 17:0, Sum In Feature 2, 2-OH-12:0, and 18:0 compounds. Although most of the total CFAs are similar between A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains, the ratios of two pairs of CFAs, i.e., Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus 16:0/18:1 ω9c and Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus unknown 12.484/18:1 ω9c fatty acids, could differentiate these two closely related bacteria. A. baumannii could be easily classified into two subgroups by plotting some ratios such as Sum In Feature 3/16:0 versus 17:0 and Sum In Feature 3/2-OH-12:0 versus17:0 fatty acids.ConclusionThe ratios of some CFAs could be used as chemical markers to distinguish A. baumannii from A. calcoaceticus.     

Trans fatty acids,HDL-cholesterol,and cardiovascular disease. Effects of dietary changes on vascular reactivity

A high consumption of trans fatty acids increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated whether this increase in risk was due to the decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol by trans fatty acids, because low concentrations of serum HDL-cholesterol also increase risk of CVD. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was used as an endpoint in dietary interventions that were designed to change the concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol within 4 weeks in healthy volunteers. Replacement of 10% of energy from saturated by trans fatty acids decreased serum HDL-cholesterol by 21 % and impaired FMD. However, a replacement of monounsaturated fats by carbohydrates did not impair FMD, although it decreased serum HDL-cholesterol by 13%. Acute postprandial impairments of FMD by either trans fats or saturated fats were not found, suggesting that long-term effects are responsible for the detrimental effect of trans fats on health. However, the role of serum HDL-cholesterol appears to be less than we expected.     

妊娠早期血清游离脂肪酸水平与妊娠期糖尿病的关系

目的 探讨妊娠早期血清游离脂肪酸与妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)的关系及其对GDM的筛查价值。方法 依托首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院建立的母子健康队列，根据妊娠24～28周时75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT)结果，纳入2018年1月至2018年3月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院建档并规律产检的GDM妊娠妇女43例，根据年龄(±3岁)和孕前体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)(±3)进行1∶1匹配同期分娩的无妊娠合并症的血糖正常的女性作为对照组，收集妊娠早期血清，应用气相质谱-色谱法检测血清游离脂肪酸水平，比较两组女性妊娠早期血清游离脂肪酸水平的差异；采用多因素Logistic回归法及受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线分析妊娠早期血清游离脂肪酸水平对GDM的筛查价值。结果 单因素分析结果显示，GDM组妊娠妇女的妊娠早期血清肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸水平显著高于对照组；而反亚油酸、亚麻酸...