组配型桡骨头假体置换治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折

目的 评价采用组配型人工桡骨头假体置换治疗桡骨头严重粉碎性骨折的早期疗效和并发症.方法 2009年11月至2011年3月共收治22例桡骨头粉碎骨折患者,男16例,女6例;年龄21～62岁,平均41.5岁;左侧部9例,右侧13例.桡骨头骨折均为MasonⅢ型粉碎骨折,其中1例Ⅱ型Monteggja骨折脱位,13例合并肘部损伤“三联征”;1例合并肘关节脱位但不伴有冠状突骨折,3例合并Essex-Lospresti损伤,4例合并内侧副韧带损伤.采用Acumed组配型桡骨头假体对桡骨头进行置换,冠状突骨折采用克氏针固定,尺骨近端骨折则采用钢板螺钉固定,对2例肘部损伤“三联征”患者同时辅以铰链式外固定支架.结果 22例患者术后获6～22个月(平均12 95)随访.其中1例患者桡骨头假体位置过高,影响肘关节活动,屈肘小于90°;1例肘部损伤“三联征”患者假体位置过低,活动范围基本正常,但出现明显的肘关节侧方不稳定;1例患者术后1个月即出现严重的异位骨化并形成骨桥,最终肘关节完全僵直于屈肘70°;其余19例肘关节功能满意,平均屈肘131.5°±4.4°( 130°～140.),平均伸直受限5.4°±6.3°(0～20°),平均屈伸126.1°±7.7°(120°～140°);前臂平均旋前81.6°±6.4°( 70° ～90°),平均旋后85.6°±3.1° (80°～90°),平均旋转167.2°±8.2°(150°～ 180°),Mayo肘关节评分(MEPS)平均为(94.2±5.1)分(85 ～ 100分). 结论 组配型人工桡骨头假体可根据个体差异进行组配,是桡骨头严重粉碎性骨折的可选治疗方法之一,早期疗效较满意,但有一定的并发症,需严格把握手术适应证.     

桡骨头置换治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折

目的评价应用桡骨头置换治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法对11例桡骨头粉碎性骨折行桡骨头;置换治疗,采用骨水泥型金属假体。骨折按Mason分型,为Ⅲ型或Ⅳ型。结果术后平均随访13个月。肘关节伸屈-5～130°,前臂旋前平均78°,旋后84°。按Broberg和Morrey评分标准进行功能评定,优7例,良3例,优良率为90.9%。结论人工桡骨头置换治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折是一种较可靠的手术方法,但应严格掌握适应证,注意微创技术、重视术后正规康复训练是提高疗效的关键。     

人工桡骨头置换治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折16例

目的探讨桡骨头置换治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法对16例桡骨头MasonⅢ、Ⅳ骨折采用人工桡骨头置换治疗,采用Mayo肘关节功能评分系统,分析其临床疗效。结果术后均获随访,随访时间8-16个月,平均13个月,其中优9例,良5例,可2例。1例出现手握力减弱,1例出现肘关节轻度疼痛。结论人工桡骨头置换是治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折的一种可靠的治疗方法,但应严格掌握适应征,术后正规的康复训练是提高疗效的重要因素。     

指总伸肌劈开入路人工桡骨头置换治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折

目的探讨指总伸肌劈开入路人工桡骨头置换治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折的方法和疗效。方法采用指总伸肌劈开入路人工桡骨头置换治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折11例,以指总伸肌劈开入路显露桡骨头,采用Wright EVOLVE Proline组配式桡骨头假体置换治疗桡骨头骨折,并在术后早期积极进行康复锻炼。结果本组获得平均13(11~24)个月的随访。疗效根据Broberg和Morrey肘关节功能评分标准评定:优7例,良4例。结论指总伸肌劈开入路人工桡骨头假体置换既恢复了肘关节外侧结构,又保护肘外侧副韧带,是治疗重度粉碎性桡骨头骨折的有效方法。     

人工桡骨头假体置换的临床研究进展

桡骨头骨折是成人肘部最常见的骨折，占肘关节骨折的33％，在成人所有骨折中占1．7％～5．4％。桡骨头骨折还常伴有软组织损伤，如内侧副韧带或骨间膜破裂，当这些组织损伤后，桡骨头就成为维持肘关节轴向和外翻稳定的主要结构。对于不稳定的肘关节，切除桡骨头可发生许多远期并发症，包括桡骨向近端移位，外翻不稳定，肘关节僵硬，肘和腕关节退行性关节炎，肘、前臂和腕关节慢性疼痛。因此，对伴有内侧副韧带和（或）骨间膜损伤的桡骨小头粉碎性骨折通常采用人工桡骨头置换术”。     

桡骨头假体置换治疗严重粉碎性桡骨头骨折

目的 探讨桡骨头假体置换治疗严重桡骨头粉碎性骨折的初步临床结果.方法 采用金属单极桡骨头假体置换治疗MasonⅢ、Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折32例.结果 随访1～4年,平均2.7年.按照Broberg and Morrey肘关节功能评分,总分平均85.56,其中:优18例,良7例,可6例,差1例,优良率为78.1%.结论 金属单极桡骨头假体置换治疗难以重建的MasonⅢ、Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折的近期效果满意,远期疗效有待进一步随访.     

人工桡骨头置换在肘关节恐怖三联征中的应用

 目的 观察人工桡骨头置换治疗肘关节恐怖三联征的近期疗效。方法 2011年6月至2012年6月采用人工桡骨头置换治疗肘关节恐怖三联征6例,男4例,女2例;年龄23~50岁,平均39岁。新鲜肘关节骨折脱位5例,陈旧性骨折1例。桡骨头骨折MasonⅡ型2例,MasonⅢ型4例。对肘关节恐怖三联征进行切开复位,尺骨冠突骨折固定（螺钉固定1例、不可吸收缝线固定4例）、人工桡骨头置换、外侧韧带复合体修复及环状韧带修复或重建（修复环状韧带1例、掌长肌腱重建环状韧带2例）。术后第5至7天逐步开始肘关节功能锻炼。术后复查肘关节正侧位X线片,术后3个月复查肘关节三维CT,并采用Myao肘关节功能评分（Myao elbow performance score,MEPS）评价肘关节功能。结果 6例均获得随访,随访时间10~24个月,平均16.8个月。术后3个月肘关节MEPS评分85~95分,平均91.7分;优5例,良1例。肘关节活动度（采用标准中立位0度法测量）：屈82°~95°,平均87°;伸15°~32°,平均21°;旋前82°~90°,平均86°;旋后45°~80°,平均56°。随访期间未出现肘关节不稳、脱位或半脱位、创伤性关节炎及感染。1例因桡骨头假体位置欠佳使肱骨与桡骨头假体间隙变窄而影响肘关节屈曲活动度。2例出现未影响肘关节功能的Hahi 1级异位骨化。结论 采用人工桡骨头置换治疗伴有桡骨头粉碎性骨折的肘关节恐怖三联征能恢复肘关节稳定性,减少肘关节僵硬、脱位及半脱位等并发症的发生。     

人工桡骨头置换术治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折

目的 :探讨人工桡骨头假体置换术治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折的近期疗效。方法:自2011年6月至2015年6月,采用人工桡骨头置换术治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折25例,男10例,女15例;年龄24~61岁,平均40岁。分析不同时期患者患肢肘关节功能恢复情况,与健侧比较肘关节的活动度情况及末次随访时患侧肘关节功能评价情况。结果:25例均获随访,时间12~48个月,平均26个月,无感染、肘关节不稳定、下尺桡关节半脱位、骨化性肌炎等并发症发生。术后6、9个月及末次随访患者的VAS疼痛评分、Broberg和Morrey肘关节功能评分与术后3个月比较均改善(P0.05)。肘关节的屈伸活动度、旋转活动度在术后3、6、9个月与健侧差异有统计学意义(P0.01),但末次随访时与健侧比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时根据Broberg和Morrey肘关节功能评分标准,优16例,良7例,可2例。结论 :人工桡骨头置换术治疗无法修复的桡骨头粉碎性骨折,能最大程度恢复肘关节的稳定性,早期进行功能锻炼,预防和减少并发症的发生,近期疗效满意,远期疗效待进一步观察。     

桡骨头骨折治疗进展

桡骨头骨折是一种较常见的关节内骨折,常有伴发伤,治疗要求较高.只有恢复桡骨头正常解剖形态及恢复肘关节的稳定性才能达到良好疗效.临床上对简单、无移位的桡骨头骨折多采取非手术治疗,对有移位、粉碎性骨折的治疗方法主要有切开复位内固定术、桡骨头切除术及人工假体置换术,但各自的适应证尚无定论.该文结合国内外相关文献,就桡骨头骨折分型、相关复合损伤及不同类型桡骨头损伤的治疗选择作一综述.     

人工桡骨头置换治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折

目的探讨应用单极人工桡骨头假体置换治疗MasonⅢ、Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折的疗效。方法对15例MasonⅢ、Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折患者应用人工桡骨头假体进行置换并观察疗效。结果 15例均获随访,时间6～30个月。按Mayo肘关节功能评分评定：优9例,良5例,可1例。无感染发生。结论桡骨头在稳定肘关节及上尺桡关节中起着至关重要的作用,桡骨头骨折如不能修复,假体置换是更好的选择。     

股骨头骨折后并发股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗

目的 探讨股骨头骨折内固定术后并发股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗.方法 对单侧股骨头骨折内固定术后股骨头缺血性坏死采用带血运骨瓣转移术治疗的26例临床资料进行回顾分析.21例数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查明确股骨头及其周围骨的血供后行内固定物取出、带血运骨瓣转移术.1例内固定物取出后行全髋置换术.结果 施行带血运骨瓣转移术的术后平均随访23个月(12～38个月),根据Harris髋关节功能评分标准进行临床评价.根据手术前后Ficat分期改变进行影像学评价.对其中15例进行术后DSA检查以明确坏死股骨头血运重建情况.术后2髋改行人工全髋关节置换.股骨头得到重建的病例,术后Harris髋关节功能评分提高至平均86.2分(术前平均54分),其中临床成功率为92.0%,影像学成功率为84.0%.15例重建股骨头手术后DSA评估提示血管蒂充盈好,骨瓣血运丰富.结论 股骨头骨折内固定术后股骨头坏死发生率较高(可达40%).在取出内固定物同时行带血运骨瓣转移治疗股骨头缺血性坏死、股骨头血运重建良好,早期疗效满意.     

Fractures of the radial head and neck treated with radial head excision

BACKGROUND: The reported long-term outcomes of the treatment of radial head and neck fractures with excision of the radial head have been mixed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of primary or delayed radial head excision for the treatment of these fractures. METHODS: Sixty-one individuals (mean age, forty-four years) with thirty-nine Mason type-II, ten Mason type-III, and twelve Mason type-IV fractures were evaluated subjectively, objectively, and radiographically at a mean of eighteen years (range, eleven to thirty-three years) after treatment. Forty-three fractures were treated with primary radial head excision, and the remaining eighteen were treated with delayed radial head excision at a median of five months (range, one to 238 months) after the injury. RESULTS: At the time of follow-up, twenty-eight individuals had no symptoms, twenty-seven had occasional elbow pain, and six had daily pain. Four individuals with daily pain had had a Mason type-IV fracture. The range of motion of the formerly injured upper extremities was slightly less than that of the uninjured upper extremities in terms of flexion (139 degrees +/- 11 degrees compared with 142 degrees +/- 8 degrees ), extension (-7 degrees +/- 12 degrees compared with -1 degrees +/- 6 degrees ), and supination (77 degrees +/- 20 degrees compared with 85 degrees +/- 10 degrees ) (all p < 0.01). A higher percentage of formerly injured elbows than uninjured elbows had cysts, sclerosis, and osteophytes (73% compared with 7%; p < 0.001), but none had a reduced joint space. No differences were found between the outcomes for individuals treated with a primary radial head excision and those for individuals treated with a delayed excision. CONCLUSIONS: Following a displaced radial head or neck fracture, excision of the radial head often leads to a good or fair result. We found no differences in outcome between primary and delayed radial head excisions following a Mason type-II, III, or IV fracture. The outcomes are associated with the type of fracture, with Mason type-IV fractures having the worst results, rather than with the timing of the radial head excision (primary or delayed).     

Radial head prosthesis with a mobile head

Radial head replacement is a useful method in the treatment of comminuted radial head fractures. Because such injuries are a common clinical problem and many complications have been reported after radial head replacements, a new radial head prosthesis is proposed. This new design, based on the shape-dimensional identification of the radial head, consists of two parts. The head, made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, is articulated with a Vitallium stem. A series of functional quality and strength tests were conducted on this new prosthetic design. The implant was also examined via the finite element method. General preclinical investigations of clinical cases show that this prosthesis is a very promising design.     

Arthroplasty with a metal radial head for unreconstructible fractures of the radial head

BACKGROUND: Treatment of unreconstructible comminuted fractures of the radial head remains controversial. There is limited information on the outcome of management of these injuries with arthroplasty with a metal radial head implant. METHODS: The functional outcomes of arthroplasties with a metal radial head implant for the treatment of twenty-five displaced, unreconstructible fractures of the radial head in twenty-four consecutive patients (mean age, fifty-four years) were evaluated at a mean of thirty-nine months (minimum, two years). There were ten Mason type-III and fifteen Mason-Johnston type-IV injuries. Two of these injuries were isolated, and twenty-three were associated with other elbow fractures and/or ligamentous injuries. RESULTS: At the time of follow-up, Short Form-36 (SF-36) summary scores suggested that overall health-related quality of life was within the normal range (physical component = 47 +/- 10, and mental component = 49 +/- 13). Other outcome scales indicated mild disability of the upper extremity (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score = 17 +/- 19), wrist (Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation score = 17 +/- 21 and Wrist Outcome Score = 60 +/- 10), and elbow (Mayo Elbow Performance Index = 80 +/- 16). According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Index, three results were graded as poor; five, as fair; and seventeen, as good or excellent. The poor and fair outcomes were associated with concomitant injury in two patients, a history of a psychiatric disorder in three, comorbidity in two, a Workers' Compensation claim in two, and litigation in one. Subjective patient satisfaction averaged 9.2 on a scale of 1 to 10. Elbow flexion of the injured extremity averaged 140 degrees +/- 9 degrees; extension, -8 degrees +/- 7 degrees; pronation, 78 degrees +/- 9 degrees; and supination, 68 degrees +/- 10 degrees. A significant loss of elbow flexion and extension and of forearm supination occurred in the affected extremity, which also had significantly less strength of isometric forearm pronation (17%) and supination (18%) as well as significantly less grip strength (p < 0.05). Asymptomatic bone lucencies surrounded the stem of the implant in seventeen of the twenty-five elbows. Valgus stability was restored, and proximal radial migration did not occur. Complications, all of which resolved, included one complex regional pain syndrome, one ulnar neuropathy, one posterior interosseous nerve palsy, one episode of elbow stiffness, and one wound infection. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with a metal radial head implant for a severely comminuted radial head fracture will have mild-to-moderate impairment of the physical capability of the elbow and wrist. At the time of short-term follow-up, arthroplasty with a metal radial head implant was found to have been a safe and effective treatment option for patients with an unreconstructible radial head fracture; however, long-term follow-up is still needed.     

Reconstruction of the ulnar head with a vascularized second metatarsal head: case report

A case of a young patient with avascular necrosis of the ulnar head following a severely displaced ulnar head fracture is presented. Treatment included debridement of the entire ulnar head, leaving the ulnar styloid, sigmoid notch, triangular fibrocartilage, and both distal radioulnar ligaments intact. The head of the ulna was reconstructed by transferring a vascularized second metatarsal head. At 4-year follow-up, the patient had a pain-free wrist with 45° active pronation and 65° supination. He resumed working without limitations as a manual laborer. We conclude that ulnar head reconstruction with a vascularized second metatarsal head is worthwhile in the setting of an unreconstructable traumatic defect, particularly when the sigmoid notch and distal radioulnar ligaments are preserved.     

Duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis with inflammatory mass in the head

In 141 patients with chronic pancreatitis and an inflammatory enlargement of the head of the pancreas, a duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas was performed within a 16-year period. The hospital mortality was 0.7%; the late mortality was 5%. Seventy-seven percent of the patients were completely free of abdominal pain; 67% returned to their former occupation. After a follow-up period of 3.6 years, glucose metabolism was unchanged in 81.7% of the patients, in 10.1% it deteriorated, and in 8.3% it improved permanently. In patients with severe chronic pancreatitis and an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas, a duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas is an alternative procedure to the Whipple operation. The surgical technique of the duodenum-preserving resection includes 2 major steps: first, subtotal resection of the head of the pancreas conserving the duodenum; second, restitution of the exocrine pancreatic secretory flow from the body and tail of the pancreas by using the first jejunal loop as an interposition. In comparison to the Whipple procedure, the duodenumpreserving resection of the head of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis spares the patient a gastric resection, a duodenectomy, and a common bile duct resection. With respect to long-lasting pain relief and preservation of the endocrine function of the pancreas, duodenum-preserving resection of the head is a highly effective surgical procedure with a low early and late morbidity and mortality due to the limited surgical resection.

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Resumen En 141 pacientes con pancreatitis cronica y masa inflamatoria de la cabeza del páncreas se realizó resección de la cabeza del órgano con preservación del duodeno en un perfodo de 16 anos. La mortalidad operatoria fue 0.7% y la mortalidad tardía, 5%. El 77% de los pacientes resultó totalmente libre de dolor abdominal y el 67% retornó a su ocupación habitual. En un seguimiento de 3.6 años el metabolismo de la glucosa apareció inmodificado en el 81.7% de los pacientes, deteriorado en el 10.1%, y con mejoría sostenida en el 8.3%.En pacientes con pancreatitis crónica severa y masa inflamatoria en la cabeza del páncreas la resección de la cabeza con preservación del duodeno représenta una alternativa a la operación de Whipple. La técnica quirúrgica incluye dos aspectos principales: el primero, la resección subtotal de la cabeza pero conservando el duodeno; el segundo, la restitution del flujo secretorio exocrino proveniente del cuerpo y de la cola del páncreas mediante la interposition de la primera asa yeyunal. En contraste con la operación de Whipple, la resección de la cabeza del páncreas con preservación del duodeno en pacientes con pancreatitis crónica évita la resección gástrica, la duodenectomía, y la resección del colédoco. En relación al control del dolor a largo plazo y a la conservación de la función endocrina del páncreas, la resección de la cabeza con preservación del duodeno es un procedimiento altamente eficaz que se acompaña de reducida morbilidad precoz y tardía y baja mortalidad, en virtud de la limitada resección quirúrgica que implica. En pacientes con pancreatitis crónica severa y masa inflamatoria en la cabeza del páncreas la resección de la cabeza con preservación del duodeno représenta una alternativa a la operación de Whipple.

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Résumé L'auteur rapporte une série de 141 pancréatectomies pour pancréatites chroniques pseudo-tumorales de la tête du pancréas. Les résultats de la pancréatectomie céphalique avec conservation du duodénum se basent sur une expérience de 16 ans. La mortalité opératoire précoce est de 0.7%; la mortalité tardive est de 5%. Soixant-dix-sept pour cent des opérés étaient exempts de douleur; 67% des patients avaient repris leurs activités professionnelles. Après un suivi postopératoire moyen de 3.6 ans, la glycorégulation restait inchangée chez 81.7%, était améliorée à long terme chez 8.3% et s'était aggravée chez 10.1%.Chez les malades souffrant d'une pancréatite chronique pseudo-tumorale de la tête du pancréas, la pancréatectomie céphalique avec conservation du duodénum se révèle une autre possibilité à côté de l'opération de Whipple. La technique chirurgicale de l'opération de Beger comporte 2 étapes: (1) la résection sub-totale de la tête avec conservation du duodénum; (2) l'interposition de la première anse jéjunale pour anastomoser la queue du pancréas d'une part et le reliquat céphalique d'autre part. Comparée à la duodénopancréatectomie classique selon Whipple, l'opération de Beger, mentionnée plus haut, a l'avantage de préserver l'intégrité de l'estomac, du passage duodénal, et des voies biliaires. Cette technique n'est évidemment indiquée que dans les formes chroniques pseudo-tumorales limitées à la tête du pancréas. Obtenant une amélioration des douleurs à long terme et une conservation de la fonction endocrinienne, la pancréatectomie céphalique avec conservation du duodénum représente une technique efficace avec une morbidité et une mortalité précoces et tardives basses.

     

Osteonecrosis of the metatarsal head with exuberant periostitis

Idiopathic necrosis of the metatarsal head is unusual in adulthood. We report five cases of an atypical necrosis of the metatarsal head with a solid periosteal reaction in adults. Different imaging features are reported and diagnosis difficulties are highlighted.     

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head associated with pregnancy

A 31-year-old pregnant woman suddenly complained of bilateral hip pain 2 weeks before delivery. She was delivered of triplets by Caesarean section. She had been treated with human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG-hCG) before pregnancy. Radiograms of the hip joint showed collapse of the femoral heads bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a band pattern of low signal intensity for both hips on T1- and T2-weighted images. She had no history of steroid therapy or alcohol abuse. Osteonecrosis of the femoral heads bilaterally associated with pregnancy was confirmed. Pathology of the femoral head showed typical empty lacunae and necrosis of the trabecula. Received: 8 July 1997