雪莲花醇提物的抗脂质过氧化作用

目的　研究雪莲花醇提物的抗脂质过氧化作用。方法　用D 半乳糖造衰老小鼠模型 ,同时ig相当于雪莲花 0 .4 2、0 .84、1.6 8、3.36g·kg-1·d-1醇提物 ,观察其对衰老模型小鼠抗氧化系统的影响。结果　 0 .4 2、0 .84、1.6 8、3.36g·kg-1·d-1雪莲花醇提物能使衰老模型小鼠血清、肝、肾组织中MDA明显下降 ;SOD及GSH PX活力明显提高 ;脑组织中LF明显下降。结论　雪莲花醇提物有显著清除氧自由基 ,活性氧及抗脂质过氧化作用。     

枸杞多糖对正常小鼠及四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠血糖的影响

本文研究枸杞多糖(LBP)对正常小鼠的血糖和糖耐量的影响,及对四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠的保护作用。分别给正常小鼠ig LBP50·kg~(-1)及100mg·kg~(-1),可使血糖明显降低(P<0.05;P<0.01);给四氧嘧啶(72mg·kg~(-1))中毒小鼠LBP100mp·kg~(-1),ig9d,高血糖水平亦明显降低(P<0.05);预防给药LBP(100mg·kg~(-1)及50mg·kg~(-1)),可使四氧嘧啶中毒小鼠的血糖接近正常或维持在较低水平(P<0.01);糖耐量实验表明,LBP100mg·kg~(-1)可明显对抗正常小鼠给5g·kg~(-1)葡萄糖ig引起的血糖升高(P<0.01)。结果提示,LBP对正常及糖尿病模型动物均有降血糖作用。     

独一味止血有效部位的实验研究

目的研究藏药独一味的止血有效部位。方法应用聚酰胺色谱柱和大孔树酯柱分离独一味乙醇提取物,得到独一味总黄酮(P1),独一味环烯醚萜苷(P2),大极性部分(P3),各部位以2g·kg-1在小鼠ig给药3d后,断尾止血法和毛细管凝血法比较各部位的止血作用。结果与生理氯化钠溶液组比较独一味醇提取物(2g·kg-1,ig)、独一味环烯醚萜苷(P2)(2g·kg-1,ig)分别缩短小鼠断尾出血时间37.4%和49.3%;分别缩短小鼠凝血时间23.1%和28.0%。均与阳性对照药云南白药相当。而独一味总黄酮(P1)和大极性部分(P3)不能缩短小鼠断尾出血时间和凝血时间。结论独一味醇提取物及其中的环烯醚萜苷类成分,小鼠ig给药均有较好的止血作用,环烯醚萜苷类成分为其止血活性部位。     

灵菊七提取物对糖尿病大鼠治疗作用的实验研究

目的 观察灵菊七提取物对糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用。方法 给大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素,造成糖尿病动物模型,观察不同剂量的灵菊七提取物对正常和糖尿病大鼠体重、血糖、血脂的影响及肾保护作用。结果 灵菊七提取物可显著增加糖尿病大鼠体重,降低血糖,治疗效果优于阳性药物对照组;无明显降血清胆固醇（TC）作用,高剂量组可显著降低甘油三酯（TG）;显著降低糖尿病大鼠Cr、BUN。结论 灵菊七提取物对糖尿病大鼠具一定治疗作用。     

地尔硫zhuo对正常大鼠和高血糖大鼠血糖水平的影响

目的：观察地尔硫zhuo(Dil)对空腹大鼠,葡萄糖负荷大鼠以及肾上腺素诱发高血糖大鼠血糖水平的影响。方法：采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖含量。结果：Dil 10mg·kg^-1和l00mg·kg^-1 ig使空腹大鼠血糖水平显升高,Dil 100mg·kg^-1给药30min后,血糖水平与对照组相比升高了45％。在糖耐量试验中,Dil l0mg·kg^-1和100mg·kg^-1 ig显改善糖耐量。Dil 10mg·kg^-1和l00mg·kg^-1 ig剂量依赖性加重肾上腺素诱发的高血糖反应。结论：提示,Dil临床剂量升高空腹及肾上腺素诱发高血糖大鼠血糖水平,改善葡萄糖负荷大鼠糖耐量。     

通脉降脂胶囊急性毒性试验

 目的观察通脉降脂胶囊经两种途径给药的急性毒性反应,评价其安全性.方法以健康小鼠为对象,将通脉降脂胶囊内容物按口服灌胃和腹腔注射两种给药方式进行急性毒性试验,口服灌胃小鼠测得最大耐受量,腹腔注射以4个剂量组给药,用Bliss法测得LD50及95%可信限.结果口服灌胃给药最大耐受量为13.3 g/kg,耐受倍数为998倍;腹腔注射给药LD50为1.39 g/kg,95%可信限为1.30～1.48 g/kg.结论通脉降脂胶囊口服给药非常安全.     

天芪航力方提取物的毒理学研究

目的观察小鼠和大鼠灌胃后天芪航力方提取物的急性毒性和长期毒性反应,为临床试验研究提供参考。方法急性毒性实验采用CD-1（ICR）小鼠,灌胃给药,给药后观察14 d,记录动物死亡及不良反应症状;反复给药毒性实验采用SD大鼠,连续灌胃给药26周,给药13周、26周和停药4周后,分别取样进行血液学、血液生化学、病理形态学、病理组织学检查。结果天芪航力方提取物小鼠急性口服毒性的最大剂量大于120 g.kg-1,该剂量相当于临床拟用量的246倍;长期毒性实验低、中、高3个剂量组1.60、3.21、11.42 g.kg-1（相当于临床拟用剂量的10、20和71倍）,各组大鼠的一般状况、体质量、血液学指标、血生化指标及主要脏器系数与对照组比较未见显著差异和异常改变,肉眼观察用药组动物心、肝、脾、肺、肾等脏器外观形态、颜色均无异常改变,光镜观察也未见各脏器组织结构和细胞形态异常。结论高剂量的天芪航力方提取物对实验动物无明显毒性损害。     

紫杉胶囊急性毒性和反复给药毒性实验研究

目的观察紫杉胶囊的急性毒性和反复给药毒性,指导临床安全合理用药。方法急性毒性采用最大给药剂量法（10g/kg）,观察给药后小鼠出现毒性反应。反复给药毒性实验分为0.25、0.5、1.0g/kg3个给药组（分别相当于临床人用量的8、17、33倍）及溶剂对照组,连续给药90天。停药后恢复期观察4周。检测指标包括动物一般状况、血液学和凝血、血清生化、尿检查及病理组织学等内容。结果急性毒性实验给药后部分动物观察到了眼睑下垂,活动减少,第2天、第4天各有1只小鼠死亡。紫杉胶囊0.5、1.0g/kg连续给药90天。可见雌性大鼠进食量一过性降低,体重下降;AST和ALT增高,给药结束时组织病理学检查可见0.5、1.0g/kg组肝脏片状坏死;骨髓血涂片结果显示骨髓造血细胞轻度抑制,恢复期结束时均未见异常。结论ICR小鼠单次灌胃紫杉胶囊的LD50大于10g/kg。SD大鼠灌胃紫杉胶囊90天反复给药毒性试验,其无毒反应剂量为0.25g/kg。0.5、1.0g/kg动物毒性反应主要为可逆性的肝脏毒性和骨髓轻微抑制作用。上述研究结果为紫杉胶囊的临床安全合理应用提供了参考。     

胍丁胺在药物诱发抑郁模型上的药效评价

目的在药物诱发抑郁模型上观察胍丁胺(Agmatine,AG)的抗抑郁作用及可能的作用机制。方法采用小鼠5羟色胺酸(5hydroxytryptophan,5HTP)增强实验,小鼠育亨宾(yohimbine,YOH)毒性增强实验,小鼠阿朴吗啡(apomorphine,APO)诱导体温下降和利血平(reserpine,RES)诱导体温下降实验探讨AG抗抑郁作用及可能的作用环节。用VIDEOMEXV型图像运动解析仪检测小鼠自发活动行为。结果在小鼠5HTP增强实验模型上,单次ig给予AG10～20mg·kg-1剂量,或多次ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续3d),对5HTP诱导的小鼠甩头行为均具有显著增强作用。在小鼠YOH毒性增强实验模型上,多次ig给予AG10～160mg·kg-1(qd,连续3d),均未见增强YOH毒性作用。在小鼠APO诱导体温下降实验模型上,ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续7d),对APO16mg·kg-1诱导的降温和AUC0～30均未见显著性的拮抗作用。在小鼠RES诱导体温下降实验模型上,ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续7d),对RES1mg·kg-1诱导的降温和AUC0～6均有显著的拮抗作用。小鼠ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续3d)对自发活动无显著性改变。结论AG在药理学抑郁模型有显著的抗抑郁活性。并且其抗抑郁活性与增强5羟色胺(5HT)神经系统功能有关,而与去甲肾上腺素能(NE)神经功能无关。AG在抗抑郁有效剂量范围内无中枢兴奋或抑制性作用。     

泽泻提取物对链脲佐菌素高血糖小鼠的治疗和保护作用

目的　观察泽泻水提醇沉提取物 (RAE)对链脲佐菌素 (STZ)糖尿病小鼠的治疗和保护作用。方法　①给小鼠腹腔注射STZ 15 0mg·kg-1造成糖尿病动物模型。igRAE 1.5、3.0g·kg-1,分别于给药前和给药后 1、2和 5h测定血糖 ;连续治疗 15d后测血糖和血脂。②连续igRAE 1.5、3.0g·kg-13d ,再ipSTZ 10 5mg·kg-1,并继续治疗 3d ,用放免法测血清胰岛素 ,取胰腺在光镜下观察胰岛组织学变化。结果　RAE治疗给药可明显降低STZ糖尿病小鼠的血糖和甘油三酯。防治给药可明显对抗STZ诱发的血糖升高及胰岛组织学改变 ,并能升高血清胰岛素水平。结论　RAE对STZ糖尿病小鼠有明显的治疗和保护作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.