BCR/ABL融合基因及细胞免疫表型检测在慢性粒细胞白血病病期演变中的意义

[目的]通过检测BCR/ABL融合基因及表面抗原在31例CML患者外周血单个核细胞中的表达,以寻找其与CML病程进展的相关性.[方法]收集31例CML患者外周血:①逆转录聚合酶链反应:检测BCR/ABL融合基因;②应用流式细胞仪检测外周血单个核细胞CD33、CD34、CD117及HLA-DR的表达.[结果]①CML患者31例,BCR/ABL融合基因检出总阳性率为83.9%;其转录本有两种:b3a2(165 bp)和b2a2(90bp).BCR/ABL融合基因的检出率在慢性期、加速期与急变期患者间差异无显著性意义,但缓解期检出阳性率与其他各期比较明显降低(P＜0.05).②CD33阳性检出率在各期之间比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);CD34、CD117及HLA-DR阳性检出率在加速期及急变期明显高于慢性期(P＜0.05).[结论]①CML患者外周血单个核细胞BCR/ABL融合基因转录本有两种,即b3a2(165 bp)和b2a2(90bp).②b2a2转录本单独出现及b3a2和b2a2两种转录本同时出现的病例多发生在加速期和急变期,提示出现b2a2型转录本或两种转录本同时存在可能成为CML患者预后较差的标志.③CD34、CD117及HLA-DR的过度表达可提示CML患者病情不稳定及可能出现恶化.     

格列卫对慢性粒细胞白血病病人Foxo3a和bcr-abl融合基因表达影响

目的 探讨初发及格列卫治疗的慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)病人骨髓中转录因子Foxo3a和bcr-abl融合基因的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用SYBR Green Ⅰ建立的实时荧光RT-PCR的方法,检测18例初发及10例格列卫治疗的CML病人骨髓样本中Foxo3a和ber-abl融合基因的表达,以GAPDH为内参基因,以行骨髓穿刺排除诊断的非血液病病人的骨髓为对照组;各实验组基因表达水平的差异采用AACT相对定量法计算.结果 初发CML病人骨髓bcr-abl融合基因的表达水平与格列卫治疗组比较差异有显著性(X<'2>=4.25,P<0.05);3组骨髓样本中Foxo3a的表达水平比较差异均有显著性(X<'2>=5.73～13.73,P<0.01);且初发CML病人的ber-abl融合基因的高表达与转录因子Foxo3a的低表达呈明显负相关(r=-0.674,P<0.01).结论 格列卫降低CML病人bcr-abl融合基因表达的同时可以增加Foxo3a的表达;转录因子Foxo3a的低表达与bcr-abl融合基因的高表达密切相关,二者可能共同参与CML的发生.     

BCR/ABL基因转录水平与慢性粒细胞性白血病病程关系的探讨

应用细胞原位杂交方法,对29例处于不同病期的慢性粒细胞性白血病(慢粒)患者肿瘤细胞中BCR/ABL融合基因的转录水平进行研究。结果发现,急变期组(n=5)和加速期组(n=7)患者的白血病细胞中该融合基因的转录水平明显高于慢性期患者组(n=17)(P<0.01),而急变期组和加速期组之间该mRNA的水平无显著差异。结果提示,白血病细胞中BCR/ABL融合基因的转录水平与病程进展关系密切,采用细胞原位杂交的方法检测白血病细胞中BCR/ABL融合mRNA的水平,不仅可用于慢粒及慢粒急变的辅助诊断,而且可早期预测急变的发生。     

BCR/ABL融合基因表达检测技术建立及其初步应用

目的建立BCR/ABL融合基因表达定量分析的双色荧光定量PCR技术;探讨所建立的双色荧光定量PCR技术在CML早期诊断中的临床应用特点。方法据BCR/ABL融合基因序列,设计合成BCR/ABL融合基因及ABL基因特异的引物TaqM an探针。提取患者骨髓细胞标本总RNA,逆转录成cNDA;在同一PCR反应管中同时进行两种基因的双色荧光定量PCR反应,分别定量测BCR/ABL融合基因和ABL基因的表达量,并计算两种基因表达的比值。检测标本中两种基因的表达量,计算检测的阳性率,所得结果与临床诊断结果对比,以判断该技术在CML检测诊断中的价值。结果成功地建立了BCR/ABL融合基因检测的双色荧光定量PCR技术方法;在35例临床CML患者中,33例检出融合基因阳性,检测阳性率94.3%;12例正常人cDNA均未检出融合基因阳性。结论所建立的BCR/ABL融合基因检测的双色荧光定量PCR是一种快速、准确、高通量而费用又较为低廉的基因检测技术,该技术检测CML具有临床可行性。     

BCR/ABL融合基因产物P~(210)在白血病诊断中的临床意义

目的:建立一种用抗ABL单克隆抗体,检测外周血P210BCR/ABL融合基因蛋白,为临床提供:特异、灵敏、快速诊断白血病的新方法。方法:采用WesternBloting印迹法检测68例符合FBA分型的白血病(CML)患者外周血细胞中P210蛋白。结果:CML患者外周血细胞中P210蛋白均为阳性。结论:外周血BCR/ABL融合基因蛋白检测法材料来源方便病人无痛苦,对提高CML患者的明确诊断和预后评估具有特异、可靠、准确、省时的临床应用价值。     

实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应监测慢性粒细胞白血病患者融合基因转录本水平及其变化

目的探讨实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)在监测慢性粒细胞白血病(慢粒)患者微小残留病变、考核疗效以及预测疾病预后方面的应用。方法应用实时定量RT—PCR对11例慢粒患者治疗前后融合基因(BCR—ABL)转录本水平的变化进行监测,对55例不同病期患者之间的转录本水平进行比较。结果对于慢性期患者,造血干细胞移植后其BCR—ABL转录本水平明显下降,甚至检测不到,甲磺酸伊马替尼(格列卫)治疗可获得类似结果,而羟基脲、干扰素α或三尖杉酯碱治疗后,其BCR—ABL转录本水平虽有下降但仍维持在较高水平;患者发生急变时,其BCR—ABL转录本水平升高约10倍;急变期患者的转录本水平明显高于慢性期或加速期患者。结论实时定量RT—PCR方法准确可靠,对于监测慢粒患者的微小残留病变、考核疗效以及预测慢粒急变具有重要的临床应用价值。     

染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交技术对慢性粒细胞性白血病的诊治意义

目的 分析染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测方法在慢性粒细胞性白血病（CML） 中的诊治意义。方法 171 例标本应用染色体R 显带进行核型分析,218 例标本应用间期FISH 进行分析。 结果 在171 例患者中,116 例（68%）检出Ph 染色体,22 例（13%）存在其他异常核型。218 例CML 患者 标本应用FISH 进行分析,174 例（80%）检出BCR/ABL 基因。76% CML 患者BCR/ABL 融合基因产生的蛋 白类型为P210,3% CML 患者BCR/ABL 融合基因产生的蛋白类型为P210 共表达P190,0.95% CML 患者融 合基因产生的蛋白类型为P190。另外,18% CML 患者存在der（9）部分序列缺失。结论 FISH 对BCR/ABL 融合基因检出率高于染色体核型分析对Ph 的检出率。染色体核型分析可提示Ph 染色体及多种其他异常核型。 FISH 分析可提示是否存在BCR/ABL 融合基因,也可提示不同的融合蛋白类型,还可提示der（9）的部分序 列缺失与否。2 种分析方法可以多角度提示CML 患者的疾病信息,在CML 的诊治中有重要的临床价值。     

应用实时定量PCR技术检测慢性粒细胞白血病患者p210~(bcr/abl)转录本的临床意义

目的 :研究 p2 1 0 bcr/abl融合基因转录本在慢性粒细胞白血病 ( CML)不同病程阶段的表达水平及其在病情进展中的意义。方法 :应用实时定量PCR( RQ- PCR)技术检测 68例CML患者骨髓单个核细胞中的 p2 1 0 bcr/abl转录本 ,并将其含量以看家基因 ABL表达量进行标化。结果 :本组中 p2 1 0 bcr/abl转录本绝对含量为 4.0 1× 1 0 2～ 8.90× 1 0 5拷贝 /5 0 ng(中位 1 .0 7× 1 0 5拷贝 /5 0 ng) ,ABL纠正后的相对含量为 0 .0 1～ 48.67(中位 5 .0 3)。加速期和急变期患者的p2 1 0 bcr/abl转录本水平较慢性期患者明显增高 (中位含量分别为 9.0 4、7.36和 3.5 3) ;干扰素治疗无效者较慢性期患者的 p2 1 0 bcr/abl水平则明显增高。结论 :p2 1 0 bcr/abl转录本过度表达可能与 CML病情进展相关 ,RQ- PCR可用于对 CML的病情监测。     

双标记原位杂交法检测间期细胞BCR/ABL融合基因

目的 :应用双标记原位杂交方法检测 BCR/ ABL融合基因。方法 :BCR基因探针用地高辛标记 ,碱性磷酸酶显色 ;ABL基因用3 H- d ATP标记 ,核子乳胶放射自显影。结果 :检测 9例初治的慢性粒细胞白血病 ( CML)病人均为阳性 ,阳性细胞比例为 93% ;检测 CML来源的 K5 62细胞株阳性细胞占 98.8% ;正常人假阳性率为 0 .75 %。结论 :该方法简便、快速 ,适用于 CML微小残留病的检测     

慢性粒细胞白血病BCR-ABL融合类型的研究及其临床意义

目的研究不同类型的BCR-ABL融合基因在慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者中所占比例及其与治疗效果和预后的关系。方法采用RT-PCR方法检测46例CML患者BCR-ABL融合基因的类型,并用巢式PCR方法扩增伊马替尼耐药患者的Abl激酶区约864bp碱基片段,对扩增产物进行纯化、双向测序并分析。结果 46例CML患者中,M-BCR占33例,其中b3a2型19例,b2a2型6例,而b3a2/b2a2共表达者8例。一些少见类型如e20a2、b2a2/e20a2及b3a2/e20a2占的比例较低。随访6例伴Abl激酶区突变的伊马替尼耐药CML患者中,b3a2/b2a2型4例。结论典型CML患者的BCR/ABL融合基因类型以M-BCR占绝大多数,另外也可见一些其他类型;而伊马替尼耐药并检测出Abl激酶区点突变的患者中BCR/ABL融合基因类型以b3a2/b2a2居多。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.