保留回盲瓣回肠末段端端吻合术九例报告

传统观点认为行保留回盲瓣回肠末段端端吻合术因血供差，易发生吻合口漏，但保留了回盲瓣对维持消化道功能有重要意义，我们1998年至2004年行此术式9例，效果良好，现报告如下。     

保留回盲瓣末段回肠超短距离吻合的临床应用

目的 探讨保留回盲瓣在末端回肠超短距离吻合术中的安全性及可行性.方法 对2009年1月至2012年11月间6例保留回盲瓣末段回肠超短距离吻合的手术病例进行回顾性分析.结果 本组6例患者均痊愈,其中1例患者（肠系膜上静脉血栓形成）术后发生吻合口漏,经保守治疗后痊愈.结论 术中谨慎操作,保证末端回肠的血供及充分的回肠、结肠减压,术后积极抗感染、抑制肠液分泌及营养支持治疗,行保留回盲瓣的末端回肠超短距离吻合是安全可行的.     

保留回盲瓣吻合术

回肠末端15cm 范围系回结肠动脉供血,越近回盲部其吻合支越少,为终末血管。故大多数学者认为此段肠管血运较差,切除吻合将影响吻合口的愈合,有发生肠瘘的危险。但保留回盲瓣对维持消化道功能有重要意义。近年来,我们对7例回肠末段15cm 内良性病变施行一期切除吻合术,保留了回盲瓣,效果良好。现报道如下。临床资料本组均为男性,年龄13～43岁,平均年龄32.7岁。均因肠扭转或肠粘连致绞窄性肠梗阻、肠坏死。坏死     

����ä��س�ĩ�ζ˶��Ǻ����Ŀ�����̽�֣���5�����棩

近回盲瓣回肠末段端端吻合术系指切除病变末段回肠及其系膜 ,结扎、切断回结肠动脉回肠支 ,近端小肠与靠近回盲瓣末段回肠行端端吻合术。此术式由于受传统解剖观念影响 ,即因局部供血不足吻合后会缺血坏死 ,认为距回盲瓣 5cm以内的吻合易发生吻合口漏 ,故临床上不主张此处行端端吻合术。笔者曾收治 5例 ,均行此术并取得了成功。介绍如下。1　临床资料本组 5例病人 ,男 3例 ,女 2例。年龄 3 5～ 75岁 ,中位年龄 55 2岁。根据临床表现不同 ,共分 2组。肠梗阻组 :共 3例。例 1 男 ,65岁。系小肠多发性憩室并发粘连性肠梗阻病人 ,术中见空肠散在…     

人工小肠套迭重建回盲瓣的临床应用

1987～1988年,采用人工小肠套迭为4例病人重建回盲瓣。其中男3例,女1例,年龄16～59岁。结肠癌1例,回盲部淋巴肉瘤1例,绞窄性肠梗阻2例。行右半结肠切除2例,回盲部及小肠广泛切除2例。术后随访7月～2年,结果满意,病人无不适感,每日排1～2次成形大便。钡灌肠见钡剂完全停留于套迭头部,无返流;钡餐检查近端肠管无扩张等梗阻征象。     

超声监视回盲瓣形态在小儿肠套叠水压灌肠复位治疗中的应用

目的:探讨超声监视回盲瓣形态在小儿肠套叠水压灌肠治疗中的临床意义。方法:应用高频超声显像对临床行水压灌肠复位成功的肠套叠患儿进行监测,仔细观察回盲瓣形态。结果:106例肠套叠患儿,回盲瓣均有不同程度水肿,其形态表现为"蟹爪"样活动者88例,表现为"闸门"样开放者18例。结论:在肠套叠水压灌肠复位过程中,超声监视回盲瓣形态,可用于指导是否需要继续灌肠。     

盲肠直肠吻合术

多段结肠病变或炎性肠病有时需作全结肠切除、回肠直肠吻合术。考虑到回盲瓣和盲肠的功能,作者对21例患者,全结肠切除后应用盲肠直肠吻合术,连通肠道,从而保留了末段回肠,回盲瓣及部分回肠,术后效果良好。选择性病例术前一日以泻剂、灌肠与口服抗生素作肠道准备。手术当日全身用抗生素。并在手术室作直肠镜检,吸清直肠,置入有灌洗、引流双通道的肛管。开腹后于回盲部远侧4cm处截断、封闭盲肠,切除升、横、降结肠和阑尾。吻合部位在乙状结肠、直肠交界处,腹膜反折上,即结肠带肌纤维开始散开     

带血供肌瓣作为骨形态发生蛋白载体修复骨缺损实验研究

目的：探讨带血供肌瓣作为骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）载体修复骨缺损的可行性。方法：观察带血供肌瓣复合BMP和单纯BMP组修得骨缺损时的成骨情况，对四种不同载体的成骨能力进行)比较。结果：以指深屈肌支为蒂制备的带血供肌瓣复合BMP修得骨缺损，效果优于单纯BMP组。带血供肌瓣联合纤维蛋白粘合剂复合BMP组修得骨缺损，效果优于其它载体。结论：带血供肌瓣可作为BMP的良好载体，带血供肌瓣联合纤维蛋白粘合剂作BMP的载体效果更优。     

回盲部和右半结肠切除后对人体代谢的影响

利用回盲瓣的抗返流作用,将回盲部和右半结肠肠段作为修复和重建食管、膀胱的替代组织已应用于临床,并取得了满意的效果。同时,由于肠套叠、肠坏死、回盲部重复畸形或肠闭锁等原因而切除回盲部和右半结肠者,在临床上也不少见。因此人体失去回盲部和右半结肠后对营养、代谢和生长发育的影响,是临床需要研究的课题。回盲部具有重要的消化生理功能。回肠尤其是末端回肠是胆盐主动重吸收及内因子维生素Ｂ１２复合物吸收的主要部位,也是随胆汁排泄的羟化维生素Ｄ代谢产物的重吸收部位。回盲瓣在维持消化道功能的完整性中发挥着重要的作用…     

带血管蒂游离腓骨瓣移植与钛板固定一期修复下颌骨缺损

目的：探讨下颌骨缺损修复新途径。方法：对22例因各种原因所致下颌骨缺损患者采用带血管蒂游离腓骨瓣同期移植修复。结果：全部游离腓骨瓣均获成活，所有病例下颌骨形状和功能恢复良好。结论：游离腓骨瓣血供良好，骨量充足，可塑性强，修复下颌骨缺损效果良好。     

Eine Halterung für Aortenklappentransplantate zum homologen und heterologen Ersatz der Mitralis

Zusammenfassung Zum Ersatz der Mitralklappe durch invertierte heterologe Aortenklappen wurde eine Halterung entwickelt, die dem Transplantat eine formerhaltende Stützfunktion und die Möglichkeit zur fibroplastischen Inkorporation gewährt. Die Halterung besteht aus einem den Maßen der Aortenklappe angepaßten Gerüst aus zweifach gedrehtem V₂A-Stahlraht, der mit Kollagen umsponnen ist.

---

An aortic valve support ring for homologous and heterologous mitral valve replacement

Summary The design of an aortic valve support ring for homologous and heterologous mitral valve replacement is outlined. The support ring consists in double-turned steel-wires with an envelopment of collagen. Implantation of reconstructed heterografts in dogs is described.

     

二尖瓣脱垂并关闭不全的外科修补

目的：总结二尖瓣脱垂的外科修复经验,方法：对44例二尖脱垂患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。44例患者中风湿性2例,非风湿性42例（22例合并先天性心脏病）,关不全中度24例,重度20例,腱索断裂或缺如12例,腱索过长32例,其中多根腱索过长6例,治疗行腱索移植10例,健索缩短25例（多根腱索短6例）,人工腱索1例,瓣叶折叠3例,瓣叶切除5例,同时行瓣裂缝合8例,瓣环成形28例（后环缝缩14例）,结果：结果：全组无手术死亡病例,1例风湿性患者术后1个月发生左心房血栓再次手术行瓣膜替换,二尖瓣功能正常34例（77．8％）,基本正常6（13．6％）,残留轻至中度关闭不全3例（6．8％）,随访1－18例（平均6．5年）,效果良好,结论：外科修复治疗二尖瓣脱垂是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

Cusp commissuroplasty for tricuspid valve endocarditis

A 19-year-old women with a history of drug addiction suffered from sepsis and heart failure. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus viridans. An operation was indicated because the echocardiography showed massive vegetation on the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve and severe regurgitation even though the endocarditis was healed with drug therapy. At operation all of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve was resected with the vegetation. Using the technique of cusp commissuroplasty, the disrupted commissure was reconstructed by approximating the septal and posterior cusps at the level of their normal closure, forming a zone of apposition by using a single stitch. Leaflet apposition resulted in a defect between the apposed leaflets and the tricuspid annulus, which was patched with autologous pericardium. The tricuspid valve was reconstructed to function as a unicommissural bicuspid valve. The patient was stable during the follow-up period of two years without any medical treatment. Read at the Fifty-third Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, Oita, October 25–27, 2000.     

Surgical reconstruction of semilunar valves in the growing child: Should we mimic the venous valve? A simulation study

Objectives

Neither heart valve repair methods nor current prostheses can accommodate patient growth. Normal aortic and pulmonary valves have 3 leaflets, and the goal of valve repair and replacement is typically to restore normal 3-leaflet morphology. However, mammalian venous valves have bileaflet morphology and open and close effectively over a wide range of vessel sizes. We propose that they might serve as a model for pediatric heart valve reconstruction and replacement valve design. We explore this concept using computer simulation.

二尖瓣置换术后远期功能性三尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的：报告二尖瓣置换（ＭＶＲ）术后远期三尖瓣关闭不全（ＴＲ）外科治疗的结果及作用,方法：３７例ＭＶＲ术后中重度ＩＲ病人,其中人工二尖瓣为生物瓣者１３,机械瓣２４例,有１１例行内科保守治疗,２６例行外科手术治疗,手术类型,ＭＶＲ加三尖瓣置换２例,ＭＶＲ加三法瓣成形１１例,三尖瓣置换３例,三尖瓣成型１０例,三尖瓣成形术包括改良Ｋay形成形１２例,改良ＤeVega成形术７例,加成形环的三尖瓣成形术２例,结果：１１例内科治疗者,７个月－７．５年后７６例死亡,病死率为５４．５％,26例手术治疗者,术后早期病死２例,病死率为７．７％,随访个月－１０．５年,晚期死亡例,仍中度ＴＲ２例,结论：ＭＶＲ术后远期ＴＲ的产生与不可逆的左心损害或（和）严重肺动脉高压有关,对重度ＴＲ伴有临床症状、左心功能基本正常者,行三尖瓣成形或三尖瓣置换术可取得良好的效果。     

套叠瓣在重建胆道中抗反流作用机制研究

目的:探讨胆支肠袢套叠瓣成形在胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合重建胆道术后的抗反流机制.方法:20只成年家兔随机均分为实验组和对照组.在胆总管结扎后,实验组行胆囊空肠Rouxen-Y吻合胆支肠袢套叠瓣成形胆道重建术,对照组仅行单纯胆囊空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.术后饲养3个月,测量两组胆道顺流压和逆流压,并在测压同时给予造影.结果:胆道顺流压实验组为(5.91±1.46)cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa),对照组为(4.82±0.39)cmH2O;逆流压实验组为(14.32±1.67) cmH2O,对照组为(4.90±0.37) cmH2O.统计分析显示,两组间顺流压的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但逆流压实验组明显大于对照组(P＜0.01);实验组逆流压明显大于自身顺流压(P＜0.01),而对照组两者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).造影结果显示,套叠瓣能阻止造影剂进入其上方胆支肠袢.结论:胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合重建胆道术后胆支肠袢套叠瓣通过增加Y袢胆臂逆流压而发挥抗反流作用.     

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of mitral, aortic and tricuspid valve repair A tool to optimize surgical outcome

The present study reviews the clinical applicability and usefulness of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during valve repair. Intraoperative TEE was performed in 48 consecutive patients, who were divided into three groups: 1. mitral valve repair (MVR), 2. aortic valve repair (AVR), 3. tricuspid valve repair (TVR). Residual valve regurgitation was assessed by color Doppler echocardiography on a scale from 0 to 4. The ratios of the jet area (JA) to the left- and right-atrial areas (JA/LAA and JA/RAA) were analyzed before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In group 1, 14 patients were scheduled for MVR, of which 4 patients underwent valve replacement and 10 MVR. Post-repair TEE studies showed a significant decrease of mitral regurgitation. In 2 of the 10 patients, TEE demonstrated severe residual regurgitation requiring valve replacement during the same thoracotomy. In group 2, 11 patients underwent aortic commissurotomy. Post-repair TEE showed an increase in the systolic opening diameter and opening area of the aortic valve. One patient underwent valve substitution because of severe aortic regurgitation. In group 3, 23 patients were scheduled for TVR. In 3 of them TEE showed no significant regurgitation thus rendering tricuspid valve surgery unnecessary. Twenty patients underwent TVR of whom two showed unacceptable post-repair regurgitation requiring further surgery. Eighteen patients showed a significant reduction of valve regurgitation after TVR, and a further reduction was achieved by adjusting the tricuspid annuloplasty under TEE guidance.     

Effect of Balloon‐Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Positioning: A Patient‐Specific Numerical Model

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a life‐saving and effective alternative to surgical valve replacement in high‐risk, elderly patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis. Despite its early promise, certain limitations and adverse events, such as suboptimal placement and valve migration, have been reported. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of various TAVR deployment locations on the procedural outcome by assessing the risk for valve migration. The deployment of a balloon‐expandable Edwards SAPIEN valve was simulated via finite element analysis in a patient‐specific calcified aortic root, which was reconstructed from CT scans of a retrospective case of valve migration. The deployment location was parametrized in three configurations and the anchorage was quantitatively assessed based on the contact between the stent and the native valve during the deployment and recoil phases. The proximal deployment led to lower contact area between the native leaflets and the stent which poses higher risk for valve migration. The distal and midway positions resulted in comparable outcomes, with the former providing a slightly better anchorage. The approach presented might be used as a predictive tool for procedural planning in order to prevent prosthesis migration and achieve better clinical outcomes.     

Comparative Rest and Exercise Hemodynamics of Allograft and Prosthetic Valves in the Aortic Position

Background. Allograft aortic valve replacement has gained widespread acceptance. However, there is little information about in vivo allograft valve function at rest and during exercise.

Methods. Cardiac catheterization was performed to measure hemodynamic variables at rest and during supine bicycle exercise in 44 patients who had had aortic valve replacement using allograft valves or Bicer or St. Jude Medical prosthetic valves 19 to 27 mm in diameter. Sixteen patients received an allograft valve; 17, a Bicer valve; and 11, a St. Jude Medical valve. There were no significant differences between the three groups in age, body surface area, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices, exercise cardiac index, exercise heart rate, or work load achieved. Left ventricular and ascending aortic pressures were measured simultaneously according to the transseptal method.

Results. The mean pressure gradient was generally higher for the Bicer and St. Jude Medical valves than for the allograft valves, both at rest and during exercise. Significant differences were obtained in patients with small-sized valves (21 and 23 mm); pressure gradients were higher in the prosthetic valve groups. In patients with large-sized prosthetic valves (25 mm), there were no significant differences between the three groups at rest and during exercise. However, there was no pressure gradient at all for allograft valves.

Conclusions. Exercise cardiac catheterization confirms that the allograft aortic valve is an ideal substitute from the hemodynamic aspect, particularly in patients with a small aortic root and in those who perform strenuous exercise.     

Tricuspid valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical valve

A study was conducted on 20 patients who underwent tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) with the St. Jude Medical (SJM) valve. Isolated TVR was performed on 9 patients, and additional mitral, or mitral and aortic valve replacements were performed on 11 patients. Four patients (20%) died in the early postoperative period, but there were no deaths related to the SJM valve in the tricuspid position. The mean follow-up period of the 16 survivors was 74.4 months, and there have been no deaths during the follow-up period. The postoperative actuarial survival rate was 80%, 10 years after surgery. Three patients, representing 0.25%/patient-months, developed valve thrombosis, the valve thrombosis-free rate being 72.8%, 10 years after surgery, while entrapment of a leaflet by endothelial pannus was found in one patient, representing 0.08%/patient-months. Thus, the incidence of all prosthetic valve-related complications was 0.34%/patient-months, and the postoperative complication-free rate was 65.3%, 10 years after surgery. The medium-term follow-up study of TVR with the SJM valve revealed no prosthetic valve-related deaths and a relatively low incidence of prosthetic valve-related complications. However, as with other mechanical valves, valve thrombosis was a major risk posed by the SJM valve in the tricuspid position.