喉癌MRI分期评价

目的 评价ＭＲＩ在喉癌术前Ｔ分期中的价值。方法 对５９例喉癌的ＭＲＩ资料进行回顾性分期，并与纤维喉镜及手术病理对照。结果 ＭＲＩ对各期喉癌分期的准确性分别是：Ｔ１：９５％（２０／２１），Ｔ２：８８％（１５／１７），Ｔ３：８５％（１１／１３）Ｔ４：１００％（８／８）。纤维喉镜分期的准确性是：Ｔ１：９１％（１９／２１），Ｔ２：８８％（１５／１７），Ｔ３：４７％（８／１３），Ｔ４：１３％（１／８）。结论     

喉癌颈部淋巴结转移的MRI诊断

目的：探讨ＭＲＩ在喉癌颈部淋巴结转移术前诊断中的作用。方法：对１９例（２４侧）喉癌患者的颈部术前触诊、ＭＲＩ扫描及颈清扫标本病理检查结果进行了对比研究。结果：喉癌颈辨别志移淋巴结在ＭＲＩ影像上基本呈圆形或类圆型,个别可表现为数个淋巴结的融合;ＭＲＩ和临床触诊诊断颈部淋巴结转移的敏感率、特异率和准确率分别为８５．７％、９０．０％、８７．５％和６４．３％、７０．０％、６６．７％,ＭＲＩ诊断的准确率明显     

纤维喉镜与核磁共振（MRI）在喉癌诊断中的应用

将２５例喉癌的术前纤维喉镜检查和喉部ＭＲＩ与手术、病理进行比较，结果提示：纤维喉镜是喉癌诊断的最基本和最重要手段，能对Ｔ１、Ｔ２声门癌作出准确分期；ＭＲＩ对显示粘膜面肿瘤虽然并不重要，但能准确判断肿瘤对会厌前隙、声门旁隙、喉软骨及喉外的侵犯；两者作用互补，对喉癌的诊断、术前分期及手术方法的选择具有重要意义。     

喉癌的磁共振成像表现（附24例分析）

分析２４例喉癌术前磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）所见，并与手术、病理对照。ＭＲＩ清楚地显示了喉癌的三维形态，使能正确判断会厌前间隙（ＰＥＳ）、喉旁间隙（ＰＧＳ）侵犯及喉软骨破坏，这对估计肿瘤能否切除及手术方式的选择具有重要参考意义。     

CT及MRI在喉癌诊断中的应用

喉癌的原发部位及浸润程度是其分型、分期的关键,直接影响处理原则和手术方式。ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ在喉科的应用,为临床提供了重要信息,很大程度上提高了喉癌分型、分期的准确度。ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ已成为喉癌检查的重要工具。     

MRI和MSCT在喉癌术前分期中的对比分析

目的：探讨MRI和MSCT增强扫描横断、多平面重建图像在喉癌TNM中的价值。方法：37例患者行MRI检查,并有横断位、冠状位、矢状位成像;35例患者行MSCT扫描,横断位、多平面成像;其中28例进行MRI和MSCT扫描。所有患者均有病理证实。观察并对比其各部位病变显示的准确度,对比分析37例MRI患者和35例MSCT患者的影像表现在诊断淋巴结转移方面的差异性以及在TNM分期中的差异。结果：在28例行MRI和MSCT患者中,MRI在观察会厌前间隙、喉旁间隙、舌根、颈外组织、声带方面有较好的准确度,在前两组TNM分期中,T1期两者准确度没有差别,随着分期增高MRI准确度增高,最后分期比较两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。在判断淋巴结转移方面MSCT的敏感性、特异性、准确度较MRI略高。结论：MRI和MSCT在喉癌患者术前T分级中准确度均高,MRI在观察会厌前间隙、喉旁间隙、舌根、颈外组织、声带部位上有较好的准确度,而在淋巴结转移方面MSCT具有较可靠的准确度,T1分期两者无差异性,T2～4期两者有差异性,MRI较MSCT更准确。     

喉癌及下咽癌术前T分级的CT及MRI研究进展

喉癌、下咽癌是头颈部常见恶性肿瘤, 治疗以手术为主, 手术方案的选择与肿瘤的分期密切相关。CT及MRI是喉癌、下咽癌术前最常用影像学检查方法, 尤其在评估肿瘤T分级中起着重要作用, 具有较高的临床应用价值。本文就CT及MRI在喉癌及下咽癌术前T分级中的应用研究进展做一综述。     

喉癌治疗前诊断与分期中影像的作用

本阐述了喉癌在治疗前诊断与分期中影像的作用。结合喉癌的二个类型，介绍了常规影像、ＣＴ与ＭＲＩ的具体应用，包括指征、表现及各自的优缺点。指出在影像技术发展的今天，也不能忽视喉癌最初的临床检查，包括喉镜、纤维喉镜、直接喉镜与活检。     

喉癌CT/MRI融合图像的建立及初步应用

目的 探索喉部CT/MRI融合图像的建立方法及意义。方法 改良头颈肩固定体膜体架并比较其与常规装置的重复摆位误差;31例喉癌患者应用同一装置固定体位,1 d内先后行CT和MRI扫描,层厚3 mm,将数据导入飞利浦公司Pinnacle³ V8.0放射治疗计划系统进行自动配准和融合。对融合图像、MRI、CT图像进行主观评价。结果 23例（23/31）CT/MRI融合图像清晰;融合后的数据可以透明混合、棋盘格式、靶区勾画多重显示三种方式观察;既能够清晰显示甲状软骨、环状软骨、杓状软骨,又可以显示会厌、 声带、室带、喉室、会厌前间隙、声门旁间隙、杓会厌皱襞、喉软骨破坏、喉外组织等喉部结构病变及喉癌的颈淋巴结转移。结论 喉部CT/MRI融合图像,可以弥补CT在喉部软组织病变的显示不清晰的缺点,对喉癌手术前肿瘤范围的评估具有重要意义。     

Impact of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography on the staging of laryngeal cancer

This retrospective study quantitatively assessed the effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) on the staging of laryngeal cancer. A blind comparison between CT and MRI was made in a group of previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. From June 1992 to November 1993, 29 patients were eligible for study. Of these, 14 patients (48%) had supraglottic lesions, 11 patients (40%) had glottic lesions and 4 patients (14%) had both. No subglottic lesions were seen. The data suggest that clinical staging of laryngeal tumors is inadequate. MRI proved superior to CT for staging tumors, especially those confined to the supraglottis. Nevertheless, clinically staged T1 or T2 lesions could be adequately assessed by CT alone. Findings also indicate that MRI should be reserved for T3 or T4 clinically staged lesions. Furthermore, most nodal disease can be staged by CT.Presented at the combined meeting of the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Paris, France, 25–28 May 1994     

Cartilage invasion of laryngeal cancer detected by magnetic resonance imaging

Cartilage invasion of laryngeal cancer has a significant impact on the choice of treatment modality and on the outcome for the patients. Cartilage invasion was evaluated radiologically and histopathologically in 18 patients who underwent total laryngectomy. The histopathological examination showed intracartilaginous tumor spread in nine specimens, whereas in the other nine no cartilage invasion was found. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected the cartilage invasion in six patients and excluded it in six. There were three false negative and three false positive findings from the MRI examination. The relatively common false findings of MRI should be kept in mind in the choice of treatment. Received: 20 June 2000 / Accepted: 10 April 2001     

喉癌颈部淋巴结触诊阳性对N分级的参考价值

目的：客观评价临床上颈部淋巴结触诊阳性对Ｎ分级的参考价值。方法：采用颈廓清透明 巴结摘出连续切片法,病理观察转移情况。结果：１００例中淋巴结触诊阳性１１４个,病理证实有转移者８１个,符合率为７１．１％,临床Ｎ分级与病理Ｎ分级对比,符合率分别为：Ｎ１ ３５．６％、Ｎ２ａ ２５．０％,Ｎ２ｂ ５８．３％,Ｎ２ｃ ７５．０％Ｎ３１００．０％。结论 临床上单靠触诊大小进行Ｎ分级尚有不足,术前应结合其它检查     

Preoperative staging of sinonasal inverted papilloma by magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a rare but locally aggressive benign tumor. Inverted papilloma tends to recur after surgical resection and is occasionally associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Radical en bloc resection by lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy has been recommended for initial management; however, endoscopic sinus surgery is effective in selected cases. To determine adequate surgical approaches, a staging system for inverted papilloma based on extent and location of the tumor has been advocated. The study investigated whether preoperative assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately predicts the extent of inverted papilloma. STUDY DESIGN: Magnetic resonance imaging was retrospectively reviewed in 21 cases of inverted papilloma without knowledge of the surgical and pathological findings. METHODS: Patients were categorized into stages based on MRI findings, according to the staging system proposed by Krouse. The involvement of inverted papilloma in each sinus was also assessed. RESULTS: Stages graded by MRI were coincident with postoperative staging verified by surgical and pathological findings in 18 of the 21 cases (86%), which included 1 case of stage T1, 3 cases of stage T2, and 14 cases of stage T3. Two cases of stage T2 were judged as T3, and one case of T3 was judged as T2 by MRI. Positive predictive value of MRI diagnosis for tumor involvement was 68% to 89% in each sinus, and negative predictive value was more than 93%. CONCLUSION: In most cases, MRI assessment of inverted papilloma can accurately predict the extent of tumor involvement. Preoperative staging of inverted papilloma by MRI may be useful for planning an appropriate surgical approach.     

喉咽、颈段食管癌的磁共振表现

通过对１７例喉咽、颈食管癌的食管吞钡造影与磁共振（ＭＲＩ）检查结果进行对比分析。资料表明，食管吞钡造影不能显示肿物浸润周围组织结构的情况，故难作出正确的ＴＮＭ分期：ＭＲＩ是显示肿瘤三维形态、肿瘤与邻近结构的有效和可靠的技术手段。提示ＭＲＩ地喉因、颈段食管癌的诊断、ＴＮＭ分期和技术治疗的选择，均具有重要的指导意义。     

Safety of magnetic resonance imaging of stapes prostheses

OBJECTIVE: Assess the safety of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on patients with stapes prostheses. STUDY DESIGN: Survey and animal model. METHODS: A survey regarding implant usage, MRI procedures, and adverse outcomes after MRI in patients previously undergoing stapes procedures. Guinea pigs implanted with ferromagnetic 17 to 4 stainless steel, 316L nonferromagnetic stainless steel, titanium, and fluoroplastic stapes prostheses underwent a MRI in a 4.7 Tesla MR system. RESULTS:: Three adverse outcomes were reported on the clinical survey. One adverse event occurred during an MRI performed on a recalled ferromagnetic prosthesis. The other two adverse events were probably not secondary to MRI exposure. No damage or inflammation was observed in the region of the oval window or vestibule of implanted guinea pigs exposed to a 4.7 Tesla MR system. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of prior studies, the clinical survey, and the absence of histopathologic evidence of damage in the guinea pigs is compelling evidence that MRI for patients with stapes prostheses is safe. Implanting physicians should feel comfortable clearing a patient for a MRI in a 1.5 Tesla or 3.0 Tesla MRI. It is imperative for the physician to qualify the field strength when clearing a patient to undergo a MRI.     

3D-FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of mumps deafness

A 6-year-old boy suffered acute profound right side deafness after his classmates had mumps. Although his salivary glands were not swollen, he had high levels of anti-mumps IgM and IgG antibodies. The three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) procedure applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signals in the right cochlea and vestibule. This indicated hemorrhage or a high concentration of protein in the right inner ear. This is the first case demonstrating a high 3D-FLAIR MRI signal of the inner ear in a patient with mumps deafness. Our findings suggest that 3D-FLAIR MRI may help to identify and define labyrinthitis in mumps deafness.     

Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging findings in a patient with cochlear otosclerosis

A 51-year-old man had progressive hearing loss over more than 15 years. He had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Computed tomography (CT) showed extensive bilateral demineralization of the cochlear capsule, which is characteristic of diffuse cochlear otosclerosis. Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) of magnetic resonance imaging before enhancement revealed high signals in the cochlea and vestibule. Postcontrast 3D-FLAIR revealed enhancement of the basal turn of the left cochlea. This is the first published case of the breakdown of the blood–labyrinth barrier in a patient with cochlear otosclerosis. Our findings suggest that the breakdown of the blood–labyrinth barrier is associated with a part of SNHL in cochlear otosclerosis.