肠系膜上动脉供血型肝癌的介入治疗

目的:研究肠系膜上动脉供血型(即变异肝动脉起源于肠系膜上动脉)肝癌的血管造影表现及插管技术.材料与方法:回顾分析30例肠系膜上动脉供血型肝癌的DSA及介入资料,统计血管解剖变异的发生率,对其起源、走行、分支、分布等解剖学特征及其与血管插管的关系进行描述和分析.结果:212例肝癌中肠系膜上动脉供血型30例,其中副肝右动脉10例,替代肝右动脉15例,肝总动脉3例,腹腔动脉干起源于肠系膜上动脉2例.23例肠系膜上动脉发出替代或副肝右动脉者,20例腹腔动脉造影表现为肝右动脉细小或缺如,肝右叶出现无血管区.RH导管超选择性插管成功19例,未成功者改用Cobra导管以及结合微导管技术后获得成功.结论:肠系膜上动脉供血型肝癌是一种比较常见的肝动脉变异性供血,熟悉其血管变异的特点对肝动脉化疗栓塞术具有重要的意义.     

肝动脉解剖变异及多支供血在肝癌介入治疗中的临床意义

目的:研究肝动脉解剖变异和肝癌多支供血及临床意义。材料与方法:140例肝癌行介入治疗前常规腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉造影,邻近膈肌病灶加作选择性膈下动脉造影,分析造影图像。结果:肝动脉常见型113例(80.8%),变异27例(19.2%)。病灶单纯由肝动脉供血92例,48例存在除肝动脉外的多支血管供血。结论:熟悉肝癌的血供特点可指导术者方便快捷插入导管,发现除肝动脉外的供血动脉,并给予化疗栓塞以确保疗效。     

介入栓塞治疗原发性肝癌异常动脉供血28例临床分析

目的探讨原发性肝癌异常动脉供血的血管造影表现及肝癌介入栓塞治疗效果。方法28例原发性肝癌患者行介入治疗术中见癌肿异常动脉供血者,对其行选择性插管化疗栓塞治疗。结果本组肝动脉解剖变异6例;肝外营养动脉30支,其中肠系膜上动脉13支,右膈下动脉7支,胃左动脉5支,右肋间动脉2支,胃十二指肠动脉2支,脾动脉1支,2例同时有2支侧支动脉供血;30支异常供血动脉中28支成功行选择性插管化疗栓塞。结论原发性肝癌介入治疗中应重视肝动脉供血变异及肝外侧支供血动脉的存在,并行化疗药物栓塞治疗。     

MSCTA与DSA对肝动脉解剖变异成像的对比研究

目的 与数宁减影血管造影(DSA)对比研究,探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)显示肝动脉解剖变异的应用价值.方法 回顾分析138例肝动脉MSCTA和DSA检查资料,对两者肝动脉显影质量进行分级比对;分析评估MSC-TA和DSA显示肝动脉起源、分支走行情况,并根据Michels分型标准进行解剖变异分型.结果 MSCTA和DSA两种检查手段对肝叶、肝段动脉显像有很好的一致性,对段以下的肝动脉分支显示,DSA优于MSCTA;综合对比分析,MSCTA和DSA检出正常肝动脉86例,占62.3%;变异肝动脉52例,变异率为37.7%,其中非Micheles分型的少见变异7例,占5.1%.两者显示肝动脉解剖变异的结果无统计学意义.结论 与DSA对比研究,MSCTA能对肝动脉解剖变异正确评估,可为肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗和肝脏外科手术提供有价值的信息.     

肝外动脉为主要供血的肝细胞性肝癌的DSA表现及栓塞治疗探讨

目的 探讨肝外动脉供血肝细胞癌的DSA表现及栓塞治疗.方法 同颐性分析本中心2002年8月～2008年9月3例肝外动脉供血肝细胞肝癌患者的临床资料,包括患者的供血动脉形态、手术方式及时间、肝癌DSA表现及预后.结果 DSA显示3例患者肝癌动脉均存在解剖变异：1例患者肝外动脉直接开口于腹主动脉较高部位;2例患者肝外动脉与肾上腺中动脉共干开口于主动脉弓右外侧壁;3例患者肝外动脉均供血肝S6肿瘤,栓塞治疗后,无并发症,3例患者均存活6个月以上.结论 生理变异的肝外动脉可供血肝细胞性肝癌,其影像学诊断可靠,栓塞治疗疗效较好.     

肠系膜上动脉变异供血型肝癌的介入治疗

目的 探讨肝动脉变异型肝癌介入治疗中的超选择插管、栓塞和再治疗的问题。方法 分析了998～2001年收治的28例肝动脉变异肠系膜上动脉供血型肝癌的造影诊断、超选择插管、灌注栓塞和再治疗方面的资料。结果 插管后于腹腔干手推造影观察或造影片分析，发现可疑肝动脉变异者37例，肠系膜上动脉造影证实28例。超选择插管22例，成功率75．7％；行碘油栓塞14例，碘油加明胶海绵近侧段栓塞8例。再次治疗时明胶海绵栓塞后3例再通；11例肝内供血动脉增粗或出现新的侧支供血，分别给予灌注或栓塞。结论 插管后于腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉造影是发现肝动脉变异的有效方法；根据造影所提供的血管分支走行情况，选择适当形状的细、软导管，利用硬导丝支撑引导，再配合以正确的操作技巧和袢技术，是变异血管超选择成功的手段。初次治疗作到病灶内碘油充填完全，以及再治疗时对侧支的灌沣与栓塞是提高疗效的关键。     

肠系膜上动脉变异供血型肝癌的介入治疗

目的探讨肝动脉变异型肝癌介入治疗中的超选择插管、栓塞和再治疗的问题。方法分析了1998—2001年收治的28例肝动脉变异肠系膜上动脉供血型肝癌的造影诊断、超选择插管、灌注栓塞和再治疗方面的资料。结果插管后于腹腔干手推造影观察或造影片分析，发现可疑肝动脉变异者37例，肠系膜上动脉造影证实28例。超选择插管22例，成功率75．7％；行碘油栓塞14例，碘油加明胶海绵近侧段栓塞8例。再次治疗时明胶海绵栓塞后3例再通；11例肝内供血动脉增粗或出现新的侧支供血，分别给予灌注或栓塞。结论插管后于腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉造影是发现肝动脉变异的有效方法；根据造影所提供的血管分支走行情况，选择适当形状的细、软导管，利用硬导丝支撑引导，再配合以正确的操作技巧和袢技术，是变异血管超选择成功的手段。初次治疗作到病灶内碘油充填完全，以及再治疗时对侧支的灌注与栓塞是提高疗效的关键。     

肝癌合并门脉癌栓的介入栓塞化疗

目前 ,随着经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞 (ＴＨＡＣＥ)技术的发展 ,肝癌病人的预后有了明显改善 ,但对肝癌合并门脉内癌栓患者的治疗却存在较大分歧。作者总结1991～ 1999年湖南省肿瘤医院收治的原发性肝癌合并门脉癌栓患者 12 8例 ,占 8年来肝癌总数的 2 0 .6 1%(12 8/ 6 2 1)。现总结分析如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组 12 8例 ,男 12 0例 ,女 8例 ,年龄2 3～ 6 8岁 ,均经 2次以上介入治疗。并经血管造影发现门脉内癌栓。根据化疗栓塞的情况分为三组。Ａ组 :18例 ,肝动脉内药物灌注化疗 (ＴＡＩ) ;Ｂ组 :2 8例 ,肝动脉化疗加碘油栓塞 (…     

原发性肝癌切除术后早期行肝动脉造影和肝动脉栓塞化疗对发现和治疗残癌的价值

目的:探讨肝动脉造影和肝动脉栓塞术在防治肝癌切除术后残癌的应用价值。方法:在原发性肝癌切除术后的2mo,对69例原发性肝癌切除术后患者(其中根治性性手术51例、姑息性手术18例)进行肝动脉造影和肝动脉栓塞化疗,比较了肝动脉造影和B超在诊断术后残癌的敏感性,观察了肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗残癌的临床效果。结果:69例原发性肝癌切除术后患者中发现残癌26例,其中姑息性手术者残癌的发生率为100％(18/18),根治性手术者15.7％(8/51)。残癌的平均直径为2..71±2.16cm,直径≤1cm占23.1％(6/26),≤2cm为65.4％(17/26),但多为多发性,占69.2％(18/26)。比较同期的B超和肝动脉造影发现残癌的敏感性,B超阳性者占38.5％(10/26),肝动脉造影阳性者占92.0％(23/25),肝动脉造影敏感性高于B超(p<0.005)。26例残癌经肝动脉栓塞化疗,其1a,2a生存率分别为90.0％和78.0％。结论:肝动脉造影能够早期发现术后残癌,原发性肝癌切除术后有残癌倾向者,特别是姑息性手术者应进行肝动脉栓塞化疗。     

警惕肝动脉栓塞术的并发症

术中行肝动脉栓塞术 (HAE)或经股动脉选择性肝动脉栓塞术 (TAE)发生异位栓塞并发症临床极为罕见。我院 1988年 1月～ 1994年 12月在 196例肝癌和肝血管瘤治疗中出现异位栓塞 3例。现报告如下。1　病例资料【例 1】　男 ,4 9岁。于 1994年 4月因原发性肝癌行手术治疗。术中见肿物位于肝 段 ,5 cm× 4 cm大小。先将肝 段切除 ,再经胃网膜右动脉插管 ,行 HAE。灌注化疗药氟脲嘧啶、丝裂霉素和阿霉素后 ,注入碘化油7ml。随后发现十二指肠球部、胃窦前壁和胰体呈紫绀色 ,考虑并发动脉栓塞。经利多卡因肠系膜封闭、热敷无好转 ,决定经幽门十…     

Arteriography after embolization before distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection

Objective: To evaluate hemodynamics by arteriographic examinations with and without CT in the stomach wall and liver after preoperative embolization to redistribute blood flow to the stomach and liver, which is unified to be supplied from the superior mesenteric artery, before distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP-CAR). Material and methods: In six patients with locally advanced cancer of the pancreatic body in whom DP-CAR was planned, the left gastric artery and common hepatic artery were embolized with coils. Celiac arteriography and superior mesenteric arteriography with and without CT were performed after embolization. Results: In all six patients, intrahepatic arteries and the left gastric artery were not visualized on celiac arteriography. On both superior mesenteric arteriography and CT obtained while contrast medium was infused via the superior mesenteric artery and which was performed immediately after embolization procedures, the right gastric artery, gastroepiploic artery, gastroduodenal artery, and all hepatic arterial branches were clearly detected. Also the distal part of the left gastric artery close to the embolized point was detected with at least one of the imaging modalities. Conclusion: It was clarified radiologically that preoperative embolization results in increased blood supply to the stomach wall and liver through the pancreatic arcade.     

起源于肝动脉的迷走胃左动脉血管造影研究

目的观察起源于肝动脉的迷走胃左动脉的解剖学特征,讨论其在肝及胃相关血管介入诊疗技术中的临床意义.方法回顾性分析1 000例肝动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)影像资料,包括212例腹腔干动脉造影和788例肝总动脉血管造影,统计起源于肝动脉的迷走胃左动脉的发生率,描述其解剖学特征.结果共发现82例、84支起源于肝动脉的迷走胃左动脉(8.2%,82/1 000),其中起源于肝左动脉者74支,起源于肝固有动脉者10支.结论起源于肝动脉的迷走胃左动脉并不少见,认识此动脉对于肝、胃、血管造影中正确诊断和实施相关介入治疗具有重要意义.     

Embolization of visceral pseudoaneurysms with platinum coils and N-butyl cyanoacrylate

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of transcatheter embolization in visceral artery pseudoaneurysms with platinum coils and N-butyl-cyano-acrylate (NBCA). METHODS: Over the past 7 years, 20 patients were treated by transcatheter embolization in the same sitting with diagnostic angiography. Four right hepatic, one cystic, two gastroduodenal, one cavernosal artery, three superior mesenteric artery branch, and 11 renal artery branch pseudoaneurysms were included in the study. RESULTS: Surgery was completely avoided in 19 patients. In the remaining patient with a superior mesenteric artery branch pseudoaneurysm, endovascular embolization was unsuccessful. Eighteen pseudoaneurysms were thrombosed with coil embolization alone. The remaining three pseudoaneurysms needed NBCA embolization. Two patients died from sepsis within 5 weeks after embolization. CONCLUSION: Emergent diagnosis and treatment are essential in visceral artery pseudoaneurysms because of the high rate of death. Transcatheter embolization with platinum coils is an efficient, safe treatment of choice. NBCA may be used to avoid proximal embolization of the visceral arteries that could not be catheterized selectively because of tortuosity, vessel size, or anatomic location.     

Embolization of visceral pseudoaneurysms with platinum coils and N -butyl cyanoacrylate

Background: We evaluated the efficacy of transcatheter embolization in visceral artery pseudoaneurysms with platinum coils and N-butyl-cyano-acrylate (NBCA). Methods: Over the past 7 years, 20 patients were treated by transcatheter embolization in the same sitting with diagnostic angiography. Four right hepatic, one cystic, two gastroduodenal, one cavernosal artery, three superior mesenteric artery branch, and 11 renal artery branch pseudoaneurysms were included in the study. Results: Surgery was completely avoided in 19 patients. In the remaining patient with a superior mesenteric artery branch pseudoaneurysm, endovascular embolization was unsuccessful. Eighteen pseudoaneurysms were thrombosed with coil embolization alone. The remaining three pseudoaneurysms needed NBCA embolization. Two patients died from sepsis within 5 weeks after embolization. Conclusion: Emergent diagnosis and treatment are essential in visceral artery pseudoaneurysms because of the high rate of death. Transcatheter embolization with platinum coils is an efficient, safe treatment of choice. NBCA may be used to avoid proximal embolization of the visceral arteries that could not be catheterized selectively because of tortuosity, vessel size, or anatomic location. Received: 27 September 2001/Revision accepted: 16 January 2002     

Aberrant hepatic artery: A potential cause for error in the angiographic diagnosis of traumatic liver hematoma

In a patient undergoing selective hepatic arteriography for suspected liver trauma, a nonopacified area of the liver, initially thought to represent a hepatic hematoma, was later discovered to be due to the presence of an accessory right hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery. This case illustrates the need for a search for aberrant vasculature whenever a liver hematoma is suspected on the basis of a selective hepatic arteriogram.     

超选择性动脉内栓塞治疗临床难治性血尿的价值

目的:探讨临床难治性血尿经超选择性动脉内栓塞治疗的价值。方法:采用超选择性动脉插管技术,对31例急性血尿患者的肾动脉或膀胱动脉进行血管造影,并选用不同的材料栓塞出血病变。经一侧肾动脉栓塞27例,双侧膀胱动脉栓塞4例。结果:本组31例均完成超选择性动脉内栓塞治疗,27例(87%)于48h内血尿停止;3例(10%)48h后出血量减少,经保守治疗后止血;1例(3%)栓塞治疗失败并行患肾切除术。经随访没有发生严重并发症和肉眼血尿复发。结论:超选择性动脉内栓塞方法为临床难治性血尿提供了新的治疗途径,同时也是一种安全有效的急救手段。     

Arterial supply to the pancreas; variations and cross-sectional anatomy

The pancreas has complex arterial supplies. Therefore, special attention should be paid in pancreatic arterial intervention for patients with acute pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinomas. Knowledge of pancreatic arterial anatomy and arterial territory is important not only to perform pancreatic arterial intervention, but to read the pancreatic angiography and cross-sectional image. We reviewed 226 selective abdominal angiography and CT scans during selective arteriography (CTA) of common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, splenic artery, or peripancreatic arteries including posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, and dorsal pancreatic artery. CTA images were evaluated to clarify the cross-sectional anatomy of the pancreatic arterial territory. Variations of the peripancreatic arteries were also investigated. In this exhibit, schemes and illustrative cases demonstrate pancreatic arterial territory and variations.     

4D CT成像辅助引导经动脉精准化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌

目的 描述四维(4D)CT成像方法 ,并探究经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)术前应用四维CT成像引导肝癌的化学栓塞治疗的价值。方法利用容积螺旋动态穿梭技术,前瞻性完成拟行TACE治疗的原发性肝细胞癌患者的增强CT扫描。扫描范围覆盖全肝,从动脉前期至静脉期动态研究肿瘤病灶。针对目标病灶的4D CT重组图与数字减影血管造影(DSA)图在肝动脉解剖、肿瘤供血血管、肿瘤血管显示以及肿瘤染色方面进行比较。栓塞效果经CT随访进行评价。结果本研究纳入了39位患者的46个孤立肝癌病灶。根据Michels分型,25位(64.1%)具备正常的肝动脉解剖,其余存在解剖变异。该信息为肝动脉插管造影提供了很好的依据,并经过DSA证实。4D CT成像无创性显示了病灶的肿瘤供血动脉(41/46),肿瘤血管(36/46),肿瘤染色(42/46)。因4D CT成像可以引导超选择性置入微导管,使得化学栓塞治疗成功完成。结论 四维CT成像可以有效地评价肝动脉解剖,定位肿瘤供血动脉,为肝癌介入化学栓塞提供影像引导。     

冠心病患者肠系膜上动脉造影影像及临床相关性研究

目的 提高对冠心痛患者并发肠缺血的认识,完善冠心痛防治规划。方法 对可疑冠心痛心绞痛惑者行冠状动脉和肠系膜上动脉造影,分析影像表现,分析冠心病患者的胃肠症状与肠系膜上动脉影像变化的关系。结果 59例冠心病患者中17例肠系膜上动脉有病变（28．8％）,24例冠状动脉正常者中2例肠系膜上动脉有病变（8．3％）,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。冠状动脉多支血管病变27例（45．8％）,合并肠系膜上动脉病变14例（23．7％）,单支血管病变32例（54．2％）,舍并肠系膜上动脉病变3例（0．05％）,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。34例有胃肠症状患者中13例肠系膜上动脉病变（38．2％）;25例无胃肠道症状者中4例肠系膜上动脉有病变（16．0％）,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 冠状动脉与肠系膜上动脉之间有相关性。肠系膜上动脉损害一般在冠状动脉损害较严重时发生。冠心病患者的胃肠道症状与其肠系膜上动脉血管的改变有关,应重视冠心病患者肠缺血的存在。     

三维灰阶超声造影对肝动脉解剖形态学特征的评价

目的探讨三维灰阶超声造影（3D—CEUS）在评价肝移植肝动脉解剖形态学特征中的价值。方法对26例肝移植供体或怀疑肝动脉并发症的肝移植受体行二维灰阶超声造影（2D—CEUS）和3D—CEUS检查，其中15例经CT血管成像、磁共振血管成像或数字减影血管造影证实，纳人研究组。将肝动脉分为肝总动脉、肝固有动脉、左右肝动脉及段动脉4个节段，评估2D—CEUS和3D—CEUS提供的肝动脉解剖信息有无差别。结果与2D—CEUS相比，3D—CEUS可获得更丰富的肝动脉解剖形态学信息，但对不同节段动脉3D—CEUS显示水平不一，在评价肝总动脉和肝固有动脉时，3D—CEUS与2D—CEUS水平相当（P〉0．05）；在评价肝左动脉、肝右动脉和段动脉时，3D—CEUS优于2D—CEUS（P〈0．05）。结论在评价肝移植肝动脉解剖形态学特征方面，3D—CEUS可提供较2D—CEUS更丰富的诊断信息，有望发挥重要作用。