乌司他丁对中暑大鼠肾损伤及氧化应激的影响

目的 探讨乌司他丁对中暑(HS)大鼠肾脏损伤和氧化应激的影响.方法 SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠42只,随机分为正常对照组(n=6)、中暑组(HS组,n=18)和乌司他丁治疗组(UTI组,n=18).HS组及UTI组置于仿真高温气候舱内复制HS模型,以大鼠收缩压峰值开始下降为模型成功标志,对照组置于23.0±0.2℃室温下.UTI组于制模前腹腔注射UTI 10万U/kg,每12h重复给药,其余两组大鼠均注射等量生理盐水.分别于造模0,6,24h时点采血并处死大鼠,以自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平,比色法检测肾脏组织丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性等氧化应激指标.光镜及电镜观察造模24h后大鼠肾组织形态学变化.结果 与对照组比较,HS及UTI组大鼠肾组织MDA含量于模型复制成功后0h显著升高(P＜0.05),6h及24h有所下降,但仍显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).UTI组各时间点肾组织MDA含量均明显低于HS组(P＜0.05).HS组大鼠肾组织SOD和GPx活性于模型复制后6h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),UTI组与对照组比较无明显下降(P＞0.05).与HS组比较,UTI组6h及24h血清Cr、BUN水平下降(P＜0.05),中暑后24h肾脏的病理损害明显减轻.结论 乌司他丁可减轻重症中暑大鼠肾脏氧化应激水平,从而保护肾功能.     

高压氧对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠认知功能的影响

目的 探讨应用高压氧对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠认知功能的影响及相关机制,为治疗阿尔茨海默病提供参考.方法 将36只KM雄性小鼠随机分成正常对照组、阿尔茨海默病模型组和造模后高压氧处理组.用D-半乳糖(120 mg/kg)和亚硝酸钠(90 mg/kg)制作阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型,利用Morris水迷宫试验进行认知功能检测,并检测小鼠海马中的SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量.结果 与正常对照组小鼠相比较,阿尔茨海默病模型组小鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长、跨越平台次数明显减少(P＜0.01);与高压氧处理前组相比,高压氧处理后组小鼠的逃避潜伏期缩短、跨越平台次数增多,均存在着统计学差异(P＜0.01).与正常对照组小鼠相比较,阿尔茨海默病模型组小鼠海马中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高(P＜0.01);与高压氧处理前相比,高压氧处理后,阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠海马SOD和GSH-Px活性显著升高,MDA含量显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 高压氧治疗可以改善阿尔茨海默病小鼠认知功能,其机制可能与高压氧治疗可以显著提高机体抗自由基损伤能力有关.     

高压氧对创伤性休克复苏后大鼠生存率的影响

目的 研究高压氧对创伤性休克复苏后大鼠生存率的影响,并探讨其机制.方法 Wistar大鼠随机分成4组:对照组、休克组、高压氧1次组和高压氧3次组.建立创伤性休克模型后,用自体血和生理盐水进行复苏,高压氧1次组和3次组在随后的24 h内再分别给予1次高压氧和3次高压氧处理.结果 复苏24 h后,高压氧1次组和3次组大鼠血浆诱生性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、一氧化氮(NO)和乳酸(LA)的含量均明显低于休克组(P＜0.05),血浆过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于休克组(P＜0.05),其中大鼠血浆iNOS活性与血浆NO含量间存在显著正相关(r=0.796,P＜0.01).高压氧1次组和3次组中各脏器组织的病理损伤均显著小于休克组(P＜0.05),高压氧1次组和3次组大鼠的生存率也明显高于休克组(P＜0.05).结论 高压氧治疗可改善创伤性休克复苏后组织的氧供,从而减轻过度的炎症反应,同时可以减轻创伤性休克复苏后脏器组织的病理损伤,从而提高创伤性休克复苏后大鼠的生存率.     

灯盏花素抑制脓毒症性急性肾损伤的机制研究

目的 观察灯盏花素对脓毒症大鼠急性肾损伤(AKI)的保护作用,并初步探讨相关机制。方法 36只Wistar雄性大鼠随机均分为对照组、脓毒症模型组(模型组)和灯盏花素治疗组(治疗组),每组12只。采用盲肠结扎穿孔术复制脓毒症模型。术后24h处死大鼠,检测大鼠血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)水平,肾组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)及i NOS蛋白含量,并取肾脏组织作病理组织等分析。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清Scr、BUN、ET-1及i NOS水平显著升高,肾组织SOD活性明显降低,MDA及i NOS蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠血清Scr、BUN、ET-1及i NOS水平明显降低,肾组织SOD活性明显升高,MDA及i NOS蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 灯盏花素对脓毒症大鼠AKI具有明显保护作用,其机制可能与改善肾脏微循环及提高抗氧化酶活性、降低氧化产物含量有关。     

中频脉冲电流经皮刺激肝区对运动性疲劳大鼠大脑皮质自由基及尼氏体的影响

目的 研究中频脉冲电流经皮刺激肝区对大鼠抗运动性疲劳能力及大脑皮质自由基和尼氏体的影响.方法 8周龄Wistar雄性大鼠72只,随机分为安静对照组(CG组)、疲劳训练组(FG组)、运动前刺激组(SBF组)、运动后刺激组(SAF组),每组18只.除CG组外各组均进行游泳训练,建立运动疲劳模型,SBF组和SAF组大鼠分别在游泳前和力竭后进行肝区中频脉冲电流刺激(频率1024Hz,电流强度10mA,间动周期1s,时间20min).于第1、3、5周末测定各组大鼠的游泳力竭时间,检测大脑皮质中自由基脂质过氧化相关指标,包括总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、SOD/MDA比值,并观察神经元尼氏体的病理改变.结果 第1周末各组各指标比较差异均无统计学意义.第3周末SAF组大鼠游泳力竭时间明显长于FG组,第5周末SAF组大鼠游泳力竭时间明显长于FG组和SBF组(P＜0.05).第5周末FG组、SBF组SOD、GSH-Px、SOD/MDA明显低于CG组和SAF组,MDA明显高于CG组和SAF组(P＜0.05).神经元尼氏体染色显示,第5周末SAF组大鼠尼氏体数目/相应面积的比值明显高于FG组和SBF组(P＜0.01).结论 中频脉冲电流经皮刺激肝区可有效降低疲劳大鼠大脑皮质的自由基脂质过氧化损伤,减少尼氏体溶解、消失,提高游泳力竭时间,延缓疲劳的发生.     

金雀异黄素对肾小管间质纤维化模型大鼠肾组织DDR1、bFGF表达的影响

目的探讨DDR1在肾小管损伤及间质纤维化过程中的表达以及金雀异黄素在肾小管损伤及间质纤维化过程中对肾脏的保护作用及可能机制。方法采用单侧输尿管结扎致肾间质纤维化大鼠模型,将45只大鼠随机分为三组：假手术组、模型组、金雀异黄素干预组,分别于术后7d、14d、21d每组各处死5只大鼠,收集血清测定尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）水平,结扎侧肾组织行HE染色观察肾脏病理变化,Masson染色分析肾间质纤维化程度,免疫组化半定量检测各组大鼠肾组织DDR1、bFGF的表达。结果模型组DDR1、bFGF表达及肾间质纤维化程度明显高于假手术组,BUN、Scr水平显著升高（P〈0.01）;金雀异黄素干预组DDR1、bFGF表达及肾间质纤维化程度较模型组明显降低（P〈0.01或0.05）,部分时间段BUN、Scr水平有所下降（P〈0.05）。结论金雀异黄素可能通过降低DDR1及bFGF的表达而减轻肾小管损伤及间质纤维化程度。     

缺血预处理对肾脏缺血/再灌注时P-selectin表达的影响

目的 :观察缺血预处理对肾脏缺血再灌注的保护作用及对P -selectin表达的影响。方法 :建立大鼠肾脏缺血模型 ,随机分为假手术组 (S组 ) ,缺血再灌注组 (IR组 ) ,预处理组 (IPC组 ) ,于再灌注 2 4h检测大鼠血肌酐 (Scr)、尿素氮 (BUN)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) ,光镜下观察肾组织学改变 ,免疫组化检查肾细胞P -选择素 (P -selectin)表达。结果 :①血Scr、BUN、MDA :IPC组明显低于IR组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②血SOD :IPC组明显高于IR组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;③形态学 :IR组可见大量肾小管坏死 ,超微结构不可逆性改变 ,IPC组肾小管坏死较少 ,超微结构可逆性改变 ;④P -selectin :IPC组肾脏P -selectin表达水平低于IR组。结论 :缺血预处理减轻肾脏缺血 /再灌注损害的机制可能是降低P -selectin在肾脏的表达。     

加味生脉散对大鼠缺血再灌注肾脏损伤的保护作用

目的：观察加味生脉散对大鼠缺血再灌注肾脏损伤的保护作用。方法：双侧肾动脉夹闭45min，再灌注24h，造成大鼠缺血再灌注肾脏损伤模型。分别测定加味生脉散治疗组、病理模型组、假手术组大鼠血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、组织中髓过氧物酶（MPO）和丙二醛（MDA）浓度，并进行组织病理学检查。结果：与病理模型组相比，加味生脉散治疗组的缺血再灌注大鼠血尿素氮下降42．8％（P=0．024），血清肌酐下降55．9％（P=0．011）；肾脏组织MPO及MDA含量明显降低（P＜0．01）；组织病理学改变明显减轻（P＜0．05）。结论：加味生脉散可减轻缺血再灌注引起的肾脏损伤，其机制与降低缺血再灌注有关的自由基损伤和炎性损伤有关。     

丁羟茴香醚改善糖尿病肾病大鼠泛影葡胺肾损害的研究

目的:研究泛影葡胺(DTZ)对糖尿病肾病模型大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的损害作用,及其对活性氧(ROS)清除剂丁羟茴香醚(BHA)治疗的反应。方法:将25只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,对照组10只,糖尿病肾病组10只,BHA组5只。后2组大鼠给予腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病大鼠模型,8周后发展为糖尿病肾病。第9周开始,BHA组开始以BHA50mg/kg.d灌胃直至实验结束。灌胃第4天,从对照组、糖尿病肾病组大鼠中各随机抽取5只,与BHA组5只大鼠一起,一次性尾静脉注射60%DTZ(6ml/kg)。灌胃第7天处死大鼠,观察肾功能、肾脏病理的变化及肾小管上皮细胞凋亡情况,并测定各组大鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生化指标。结果:对照组大鼠中,注射DTZ者血清肌酐较未注射者无明显增加(P>0.05),肾组织SOD、CAT活性、MDA含量虽有所增加,但其差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。糖尿病肾病组大鼠中,注射DTZ者血清肌酐较未注射者明显增加(P<0.05),肾组织SOD、CAT活性明显下降,MDA含量增加(P均<0.05)。BHA组大鼠以上改变均显著减轻(P<0.05)。DTZ注射后,糖尿病肾病组大鼠血清肌酐较对照组大鼠明显增高(P<0.05),肾组织SOD、CAT活性明显下降,MDA含量增加(P均<0.05)。组织学检查发现,糖尿病肾病组大鼠注射DTZ后,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性、刷状缘变薄、大片细胞脱落,TUNEL染色显示肾小管上皮细胞凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05)。在BHA组大鼠肾脏中,以上生化指标及组织学改变均有明显改善。结论:糖尿病肾病状态下,肾脏抗氧化能力低下,导致了肾脏中存在着较强的氧化应激状态;DTZ可通过增加肾脏氧化应激程度导致进一步肾脏损害;使用抗氧化剂阻断氧化应激,能有效抑制DTZ所致的肾损害。     

曲美他嗪对力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织的保护作用研究

目的 观察曲美他嗪对力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织氧化应激、凋亡水平及能量代谢的影响,探讨曲美他嗪对力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织的保护作用.方法 30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为安静对照组(C组)、反复力竭运动组(E组)、反复力竭运动+曲美他嗪组(TE组),每组10只.通过游泳运动建立大鼠力竭运动模型,TE组加用曲美他嗪干预(10mg/kg),各组均于最后一次力竭运动后留取心肌组织.用分光光度法检测大鼠心肌细胞线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和活性丙二醛(MDA)含量;用RT-PCR和免疫组化法分别检测心肌组织Bax、Bcl-2和解偶连蛋白2(UCP2)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡率.结果 与C组比较,E组和TE组心肌线粒体SOD及GSH-Px活性均显著降低,其中E组降低更明显;MDA含量均升高,其中E组升高更明显(P＜0.01).与C组比较,E组和TE组Bax表达量均明显升高,Bcl-2表达量均明显降低(P＜0.01);与E组比较,TE组Bax表达量明显降低,Bcl-2表达量明显升高(P＜0.01).TUNEL检测结果显示,与C组比较,E组和TE组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率明显升高(P＜0.01);与E组比较,TE组心肌细胞凋亡率明显降低(P＜0.01).与C组比较,E组和TE组UCP2表达量均明显升高(P＜0.01);与E组比较,TE组UCP2表达量明显降低(p＜0.01).结论 曲美他嗪可减轻力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织损伤,对大鼠心肌具有保护作用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）