急性心肌梗死护理体会

急性心肌梗死 (AMI)是由于冠状动脉供血急剧减少或中断而使相应心肌持久的急性缺血引起的部分心肌坏死。并伴有心肌急性损伤 ,缺少和坏死的一系列特征性心电图表现。其病情急 ,并发症多 ,容易发生心脏猝死 ,它的发病危险因素有 :高血压、高血脂、糖尿病 ,吸烟等。本病患者男性多于女性 ,4 0岁以上占绝大多数。近年来我们加强了临床观察和护理明显降低了心脏意外。现体会如下。1　临床资料本组自 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 5月 ,按 WHO诊断标准 ,收治 AM15 6例 ,男 4 2例 ,女 14例 ,年龄最小 4 0岁 ,最大 81岁 ,以 5 0～ 70岁年龄组多发病…     

急性心肌梗死的观察及护理

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是在冠状动脉病变的基础上,发生冠状动脉血量急剧减少或中断,使相应的心肌严重而持久地急性缺血或坏死。本病起病急,病情凶险,并发症多,病死率及致残率高,不仅对患者躯体组织器官损害严重,而且可造成严重的心理及经济负担。因此,住院期间,护理人员应加强护理,密切观察病情变化,及时发现并发症,及时抢救,提高心肌梗死的治愈率。现将急性心肌梗死的病情观察及护理介绍如下。     

急性心肌梗死52例护理体会

2006年3月~2007年2月收治急性心肌梗死病人52例,由于及时进行心电监护,严密观察病情,认真做好护理工作,大大提高了急性心肌梗死的治愈率。现将护理体会介绍如下。心肌梗死急性期的一般护理休息:保证绝对卧床休息。各项必要的医疗护理工作要集中一次做完,尽量减少患者心脏负担。可给患者做适当的被动活动及肌肉按摩,以促进血液循环,防止静脉血栓形成和肌萎缩。发病第2~3周,病情趋向稳定,心肌坏死部分逐渐机化,可让患者逐步坐起,开始床上活动。发病第4周,可开始床边活动。严密监测:应严密监测心律、心率、呼吸、血压,每小时记录1次,每4小时测…     

老年急性心肌梗塞的观察与护理

心肌梗塞是临床常见的心血管疾病之一，起病骤、死亡率高，如果在发病早期，能得到及时有效的治疗与护理，就可以减少梗塞范围及心律失常、休克和心衰等并发症，这是降低老年心梗死亡的关键。1卧床休息吸氧，绝对卧床休息2周，以减轻受损心脏的负担，降低心肌的耗氧量，同时给予持续吸氧，流量为3～5L/分，增加心肌的供氧，缩小心肌的缺血坏死范围，有利于缺血部分的心肌恢复。对呼吸困难明显，伴有咳嗽的病人，可在湿化瓶内加入30％的酒精，以降低肺泡中液体表面张力，使泡沫破灭，改善通气。     

急性心肌梗死患者便秘护理进展

急性心肌梗死（AMI）是由于冠状动脉急性闭塞,血流中断,使部分心肌严重持久的缺血而发生局部坏死。病情险恶,是威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一。该病早期治疗强调患者必须卧床休息,但卧床期间患者容易并发便秘[1]。据报道[2],40.     

急性心肌梗死患者的护理体会

急性心肌梗死(AM I)是心肌缺血性坏死,是在冠状动脉病变的基础上,发生冠状动脉供血急剧减少或中断,使相应的心肌发生严重而持久地急性缺血所致。此病急性期病情变化快,发病初期的病死率较高,CCU病房拥有先进监测设备和专科护理人员,及时施行抢救治疗和护理措施,能有效地提高治愈率,降低死亡率。CCU的规范、整体护理和有重点、有计划的护理对于急性心肌梗死患者起到了重     

急性心肌梗死的诊断与抢救体会

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是冠状动脉急性闭塞、血液中断、 心肌严重而持久缺血以致局部坏死。绝大多数由于冠状动脉 粥样硬化所致。此病具有发病急,病情重,死亡率高的特 点。因此早期诊断及时治疗甚为必要。我院自1988年1月- 2001年9月收治AMI 476例。现将诊断与抢救体会报道如下。 一般资料:本组426例,男252例,女174例。年龄36 -82岁,其中65岁以上231例。     

浅谈心肌梗死及其并发症的预防与护理

急性心肌梗死是指冠状动脉供血急剧减少或中断,使相应的心肌严重而持久的缺血导致心肌坏死。除正规药物治疗外,护理工作对本病的预后尤为重要,临床中根据本病的特点,规范护理操作,对病情的恢复具有积极的意义。加强基础护理(1)休息:包括精神和体力休息,向病人解释急性期卧床休息可减轻心脏负荷,减少心肌氧耗量,缩小梗死范围,有利于心功能的恢复;疼痛时应绝对卧床休息,保持环境安静,限制探视,减少干扰。告诉病人这样做的目的是减少心肌氧耗量,有利于缓解疼痛。告诉家属,病人需要家人的积极配合与支持,家属应给病人创造一个良好的身心休养环境…     

急性心肌梗死2例诊治教训

急性心肌梗死（AMI）是在冠状动脉病变的基础上，发生冠状动脉血供急剧减少或中断，使相应的心肌严重而持久地急性缺血而导致心肌坏死。发病突然，病死率高。2003～2005年笔者共收治心肌梗死38例，其中2例病情特殊，现报告如下。     

护理急性心肌梗死病人应注意的问题

近几年来,我院成功抢救了数十例患者,现将几点护理体会报告如下。休息问题由于心肌梗死病人的冠状动脉急剧闭塞,心肌供血骤然下降,其氧供明显不足,如若增加机体的活动量,心肌可进一步缺血缺氧,使心肌坏死范围增大。因此急性期病人要绝对卧床休息,严禁翻身,减少或禁止亲友探视病     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

中医疗法治疗运动性疲劳的研究进展

随着竞技体育的发展，运动员经常承受着大负荷、超强度的体力训练，因此极易产生运动性疲劳。疲劳的出现使肌内压增高，局部缺血，造成氧化代谢、H^＋排出率与pH值降低，血乳酸增高，从而影响肌纤维神经传导速度和肌内收缩力量，减弱了肌肉保护能力。致使较多的冲击力传到骨骼上，故易导致疲劳骨折的发生,严重影响了运动员的训练和比赛成绩，对运动员身心产生不必要的伤害。运动性疲劳消除手段的研究一直是竞技体育工作和运动医学关注和研究的焦点。     

Effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine treatment on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation: a meta-analysis

Background The therapeutic success of renal transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective and balanced immunosuppressive treatment regimens.This study provides a meta-analysis of a series of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on metabolic syndrome （MetS） and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation.Methods We searched various electronic databases and bibliographies,including MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and EMBASE,for relevant studies published prior to October 2012.Results Our meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials that examined a total of 923 patients.The tacrolimus group and the cyclosporine group exhibited no significant differences in MetS incidence after renal transplantation; risk ratio （RR）：1.06,95％ confidence interval （C/）：0.73-1.55,P=0.76.Cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia （RR：0.50,95％ CI：0.39-0.64,P ＜0.01）.Although there were no statistically significant differences,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension （RR：0.91,95％ CI：0.83-1.00,P=0.06） after renal transplantation compared to tacrolimus treatment,and tacrolimus treatment was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes after renal transplantation （RR：1.79,95％ CI：0.98-3.27,P=0.06） compared to cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions Compared to tacrolimus treatment,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia.Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings.     

程丑夫教授论治情志病验案举隅

程丑夫是国家级名老中医,湖南中医药大学第一附属医院主任医师、教授、博士生导师,享受政府特殊津贴专家,出身于中医世家,从医40余年,经验丰富,对于内科系统及疑难杂症的治疗颇有心得,笔者有幸跟师学习,聆听教诲,受益匪浅,现将程师论治情志病的经典验案略陈一二。1思虑伤脾案患者肖某,女,27岁。初诊：2014年5月20日。半年前因婚变后出现忧心忡忡,多思多虑,近1月来反复腹部胀满,刻诊：腹胀,食后为甚,呃逆,无反酸,通气后可减轻,无腹痛,不欲食,夜寐不安,二便调。舌红苔厚白腻,脉弦,BP：110／70mmHg。     

补肾活血方对PCOS大鼠模型卵巢中PAI-1mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨补肾活血方对大鼠PCOS模型卵巢局部纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1（PAI—1mRNA）表达的影响。方法选用未成年24d龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分为模型组、克罗米酚组、补肾活血方高剂量组、补肾活血方低剂量组、正常对照组5组。用Bogovich法建立大鼠多囊卵巢病理模型。以克罗米酚为对照。用原位杂交法观察补肾活血方对多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的影响。结果模型组卵巢局部PAI—1mRNA存在卵泡膜间质细胞显著增高,用补肾活血方高、低剂量与克罗米酚药后,卵巢局部PAI-1mRNA的表达明显降低．差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。补肾活血方高剂量组与克罗米酚组比较,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）;低荆量组与克罗米酚组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,补肾活血方高、低剂量组比较,低剂量组卵泡膜间质细胞上PAI-1的基因表达增高更明显,但二者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PAI-1mRNA可能与多囊卵巢综合征的发病机制有关。以补肾活血立法的补肾活血方能降低多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的显著增高表达．降低PAI—1mRNA卵巢局部的作用。提示补肾活血方可能通过PAI—1mRNA途径促进卵巢排卵的机制。     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.