Stress management in manufacturing industries]

Job strain factors and stress management for workers in the manufacturing industries were reviewed in this article. Major job stress factors included high job demands, low job control, low social support, role ambiguity and conflict, the physical, chemical and ergonomics of the work environment, work patterns with work schedule and shift work, and job insecurity regarding future employment. In considering effective stress management plans which counteract the job stress factors mentioned above, it is essential to use an organizational approach in the work environment. For workers in the manufacturing industry, through this approach, it is important to promote more autonomy and activities with increasing job control, to give more clarified roles and responsibilities, to provide a more mutually supportive system with better ways to communicate and to introduce a system giving additional rewards, such as paid holidays for refreshment. Plans are also needed for individuals and groups, such as workers, managers, supervisors and workgroups, regarding education, skill training and mutual training according to the personnel characteristics of each target. In order to make these stress management plans successful in the long term, an actual system for stress management is required, with recognition and support by top management. It is also important to assess the effectiveness and method of each stress management plan with proper measurements.     

某市粮食存储加工行业谷尘所致尘肺流行病学调查

采用回顾性流行病学调查方法,以谷尘所致尘肺病例为研究对象,结合工作场所谷尘浓度、游离SiO2含量检测结果评定暴露者职业接触水平。提示长期接触高浓度谷物粉尘可致肺组织纤维化而引起尘肺病。     

Relationship between autoimmune diseases and pneumoconiosis]

In recent years, with the aging of patients with pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases as a complication have been observed. One of the reasons for this may be that autoimmune diseases are prone to develop among the elderly. On the other hand, it has been reported that dust itself, such as silica for example, has adjuvant effect. A review of the recent literature published in Japan and abroad was made to clarify the relationship between pneumoconiosis and autoimmune diseases and the following results were obtained. 1) Disorders which accompany pneumoconiosis: Scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and disorders of the kidney and liver have been reported. In Japan, about 30 cases of pneumoconiosis accompanied with autoimmune diseases have been reported. In many of the reports, patients with pneumoconiosis and scleroderma have a past history of exposure to silica. In both case studies and case control studies, patients with rheumatoid arthritis and history of silica exposure are prone to develop pneumoconiosis. 2) Immunological studies of patients with pneumoconiosis: As for humoral immunity, elevation of polyclonal gamma-globulin, especially IgG, has been often reported together with high positive rate of autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies. In cellular immunity, decreased delayed type skin reaction and decreased CD4/8 ratio have been reported. In human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing the elevated frequency of DR4 has been reported. In the study of BAL increased production of superoxide anion O2- by alveolar macrophages has been observed. 3) Experimental studies: Silica is well known for its toxicity to cells and also for its adjuvant effect. In the German Democratic Republic, patients with scleroderma and history of long term silica exposure are recognized as patients with occupational disease even though pneumoconiosis is not clearly demonstrated on X-ray film. It is difficult from this review to nrake a definite conclusion regarding the relation between silicosis and autoimmune diseases. There is a need to repeat this review of the literature on autoimmune diseases and pneumoconiosis in the near future.     

执行《中华人民共和国尘肺病防治条例》回顾与对策

1987年12月3日,国务院发布了《中华人民共和国尘肺病防治条例》(以下简称《条例》),标志着我国劳动卫生职业病防治工作开始从行政管理走向法制管理。十余年来,我市在贯彻执行《条例》、加强尘肺病监管及执法队伍建设、开展尘肺流行病学调查研究等方面做了大量工作。同时,就执行《条例》中面临的问题进行剖析,提出了一些对策。1 依法建立和完善尘肺病监督执法管理体系1.1 地方法规的制定 十年间先后制定了《广东省劳动安全卫     

HLA antigens and prognosis of the development of pneumoconiosis]

Basing on the studies of the HLA spectra of the A, B and C locuses in 102 pneumoconiosis patients working at a machine-building plant, and 112 healthy persons, the author proposes a technique for calculating the integral coefficient of pneumoconiosis risks. The integral coefficient 0-2 provides a criterion for distinguishing between healthy and pneumoconiosis cases. The coefficient can be used in screening of workers engaged in dust-exposed profession in machine-building industries, who may require preventive medical examination performed on a regular basis.     

Study on the pathogenic factors of pneumoconiosis in Beijing coal district]

Ferruginous bodies were first found in the lung tissues of coal miner autopsies in Beijing Coal mining. District irrespective of the presence or not pneumoconiosis, ferruginous bodies were found in the lung tissues as examined with two methods, tissue section and digestion and there was significance difference in their number. Two kinds of ferruginous bodies, one a "coal body", the other an "amphibole body" were distinguished when examined by EDXA. The fibrous particles in the dust extracted from the lung tissue are the physical basis of ferruginous bodies formation. After the lung dust has been subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, there are also amphibole bodies in the lung tissue. There is no doubt that the presence of asbestos in the coal mine is one of the pathogenic factors of pneumoconiosis.     

Health status of workers in dye plants of instrument-making industries]

Up to now in dye-departments of instrument making industries there are no provisions for safe and harmless conditions that result in the increase of morbidity among workers. The prevailing forms in the pattern of diseases associated with temporary disability are those caused by adverse industrial factors. Health examinations identified symptoms of skin lesions, increased level of gynaecological pathology. To reduce morbidity among workers health promoting activities are recommended.     

Interpretations of the "balanced meal" household food security indicator

The study objective was to quantify interpretations of the term "balanced meals" used in food security status assessments. Telephone interviews included 77 charitable food recipients in Hawaiì. After participants first responded to the question of whether they could afford to eat balanced meals, they next defined what a "balanced meal" meant. Qualitative responses were categorized into common themes. Forty-one (53%) indicated that a balanced meal consisted of at least three food groups.Thirty-one (40%) indicated something other than three food groups; five (6%) had no idea what a "balanced meal" meant. The findings question the validity and reliability of responses to "balanced meal" food security indicators in Hawaiì.     

福莫特罗与特布他林吸入对煤工尘肺患者的支气管扩张作用

目前临床上对煤工尘肺 (CWP)主要以对症治疗为主。β2 受体激动剂用于治疗哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) ,取得了较好的疗效[1,2 ] ,但用于治疗CWP尚未见报道。本研究观察了长效 β2 受体激动剂———福莫特罗与短效 β2 受体激动剂———特布他林吸入对煤工尘肺患者的支气管扩张作用。一、对象与方法1 病例选择 :从淮北矿业集团公司 3410例煤工尘肺患者中随机抽取 6 0人 ,均为男性 ,年龄 4 7～ 79岁 ,平均 (6 2 .1±7.4 )岁。所有受试者符合下列条件 :过去 2周内无并发呼吸道感染 ,无严重心、肝、肾脏、内分泌疾病及肌肉神经疾病 ,除…