Chitooligosaccharides decreases plasma lipid levels in healthy men

Chitosan, which is derived from chitin, has drawn much attention due to its low toxicity and potential use in medical and pharmaceutical applications. The biological activities of chitosan have been shown to depend on its molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation. In this study, we investigated whether oral chitooligosaccharides, which are easily absorbed into the body, can reduce the plasma level of lipid in smokers and non-smokers because smoking is a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. All healthy men (11 smokers and 8 non-smokers) consumed 500 mg of chitooligosaccharides in water twice daily before a meal (breakfast and dinner) over a 6-week period. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in both the smoker group and non-smoker group when compared with baseline. These results suggest that low MW chitooligosaccharides would be an effective dietary supplement for lowering cholesterol level.     

Chitooligosaccharides decreases plasma lipid levels in healthy men

Chitosan, which is derived from chitin, has drawn much attention due to its low toxicity and potential use in medical and pharmaceutical applications. The biological activities of chitosan have been shown to depend on its molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation. In this study, we investigated whether oral chitooligosaccharides, which are easily absorbed into the body, can reduce the plasma level of lipid in smokers and non-smokers because smoking is a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. All healthy men (11 smokers and 8 non-smokers) consumed 500 mg of chitooligosaccharides in water twice daily before a meal (breakfast and dinner) over a 6-week period. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in both the smoker group and non-smoker group when compared with baseline. These results suggest that low MW chitooligosaccharides would be an effective dietary supplement for lowering cholesterol level.     

Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in childhood

Serum lipids and lipoproteins as well as other factors have been shown to be predictive of future symptomatic coronary heart disease in adult populations. Many epidemiologic data are available on serum lipids in adults in different populations; similar data in children indicate a large geographic variability between different populations and even among individuals of the same population, suggesting that both genetic and environmental factors are determinants of serum lipid concentrations. Serum cholesterol at birth and during childhood is carried predominantly by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) whereas very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) remains very low during the same period. Longitudinal studies show that serum cholesterol level decreases slightly with age in boys but not in girls; the decreasing trend is most evident between 10 and 14 years of age. LDL cholesterol follows the same trend. A continuous slight increase in serum total and VLDL triglyceride has been shown with age. HDL cholesterol seems to maintain a constant level with only slight variation with age. Moreover, LDL cholesterol has great consistency with future levels. Measurements made in children confirm that high levels of cholesterol may be present at early ages, suggesting the need for follow-up studies in young populations in order to evaluate whether hypercholesterolemia in childhood is predictive of future coronary events.     

Relationship between lifestyle and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in middle-aged Japanese men

Cross-sectional associations between lifestyle factors [cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, overall obesity indicated by body mass index (BMI), eating breakfast, snacking between meals, considering nutritional balance, coffee drinking, physical exercise, and hours of work and sleep] and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were examined in 1580 middle-aged Japanese men in Osaka, Japan. From stepwise regression analyses, significant correlates with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and Log triglyceride levels were, in the order of relative importance: BMI, alcohol intake (negative), and age for LDL cholesterol level; BMI (negative), cigarette smoking (negative), alcohol intake, considering nutritional balance, and physical exercise for HDL cholesterol level; and BMI, cigarette smoking, working hours (negative), considering nutritional balance (negative), alcohol intake, and coffee drinking (negative) for Log triglyceride level. The cumulative percentages of variation for LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and Log triglyceride levels were 4.2%, 15.4% and 14.7%, respectively. From stepwise regression analyses, excluding BMI as a factor in the model, snacking between meals emerged as a significant factor for LDL cholesterol level and HDL cholesterol level (negative). The cumulative percentage of variation for each serum lipid and lipoprotein level was decreased (1.5% for LDL cholesterol, 6.8% for HDL cholesterol, and 3.1% for Log triglyceride). These results suggest that BMI has the strongest association with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and that good daily lifestyles may have an anti-atherogenic effect by altering serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in middle-aged Japanese men.     

Effect of dietary fiber intake on lipoprotein cholesterol levels independent of estradiol in healthy premenopausal women

High-fiber diets are associated with improved lipid profiles. However, pre- and postmenopausal women respond differently to fiber intake, suggesting that endogenous estradiol mediates the effect. The authors' objective was to determine the direct effect of fiber intake on lipoprotein cholesterol levels independent of estradiol among premenopausal women. The BioCycle Study, a prospective cohort study conducted at the State University of New York at Buffalo from 2005 to 2007, followed 259 healthy women for up to 2 complete menstrual cycles. Serum lipoprotein and hormone levels were measured at 16 visits timed using fertility monitors. Fiber intake was assessed by 8 24-hour recalls. Marginal structural models with inverse probability weights for both lipoprotein and estradiol levels were used to estimate controlled direct effects of the highest category of fiber intake (≥22 g/day vs. <22 g/day) while accounting for age, body mass index, total energy, vitamin E intake, physical activity, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone. Reductions were observed in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in women with higher fiber intakes. Direct effects were greater than total effects. These analyses suggested that estradiol mediates at least part of the association between fiber and cholesterol among premenopausal women. More research is needed to elucidate the biologic mechanisms driving these associations.     

Increases in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels with movement from the supine to standing position in adult men and women

The effect of movement from the supine to the standing position on the magnitude of change in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and its impact on the prediction of risk for coronary heart disease was investigated in 23 male and 18 female subjects. The mean age and body weight of the men was 34 years and 93 kg, respectively, while those of women were 36 years and 71 kg. Thirty minutes of standing following thirty minutes in the supine position was associated with hemoconcentration and a significant (P less than 0.05) plasma volume reduction of -13.8% for men and women combined. Posture-related increases in serum lipids and lipoproteins were similar among both men and women and averaged +12% for triglycerides, +9.3% for total cholesterol, +9.0% for low-density lipoprotein + very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and +10.4% for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among men, the latter increased from 41.4 to 45.6 mg X dl-1 while among women, the increase was from 58.0 to 64.3 mg X dl-1. The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was unaffected by the change in body position, thus strengthening the reliability of this ratio as a coronary heart disease risk measure. Our findings indicate that body position at time of blood withdrawal significantly influences lipid and lipoprotein levels, and, depending on the absolute concentration values of total or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, can alter the predictive risk for coronary heart disease. Heart disease. Heart disease risk based on the Framingham probability tables and the multiplier for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is unaffected by the change in body position.     

男性原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C与血糖的相关性分析

目的 探讨男性原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C水平与血糖的关系。方法 选取2017年6月 - 2017年9月于某医院体检的3 093位男性成年人为研究对象,检测身高、体重、血压、血脂谱、血清Cys C、FPG等指标,分析高血压患者的血清胱抑素C与血糖间的关系。结果 年龄、BMI、TC、TG、LDL、FPG、Cys C水平随高血压严重程度的增加而增高（P趋势＜0.05）。调整年龄、BMI、血压、血脂等因素后,多重线性回归结果显示Cys C正常的1级高血压患者中Cys C与FPG呈负相关(r = - 0.182,P＜0.05), Cys C正常的1级高血压患者中Cys C是FPG的影响因素(B = - 0.107,P＜0.001)。结论 在血清胱抑素C正常的男性1级高血压患者中,FPG随Cys C增加而轻度下降,1级高血压患者可允许Cys C在正常范围内适当升高来达到控制血糖的目的。     

Pecans lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with normal lipid levels

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum lipid profiles and dietary intakes of people with normal lipid levels who consumed pecans and those who did not consume nuts. DESIGN: Eight-week, randomized, controlled study of pecan treatment group vs control group. SUBJECT: Nineteen people with normal lipid levels completed the study; 10 had been randomly assigned to the pecan treatment group (7 women, 3 men, mean age = 45 +/- 10 years) and 9 to the control group (8 women, 1 man, mean age = 37 +/- 12 years). INTERVENTION: The pecan treatment group consumed 68 g pecans per day for 8 weeks plus self-selected diets. The pecans contributed 459 kcal and 44 g fat daily. The control group avoided nuts and consumed self-selected diets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total triglyceride levels were measured at the time of entrance to the study (baseline), week 4, and week 8. Computer analyses were done on five 3-day food records. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparisons were made using analysis of variance or paired t test. RESULTS: LDL-C was lowered in the pecan treatment group from 2.61 +/- 0.49 mmol/L at baseline to 2.35 +/- 0.49 at week 4 (P < .05) and to 2.46 +/- 0.59 at week 8 (P < .05). At week 8, total cholesterol and HDL-C in the pecan treatment group were significantly lower (P < .05) than in the control group (total cholesterol: 4.22 +/- 0.83 vs 5.02 +/- 0.54 mmol/L; HDL-C: 1.37 +/- 0.23 vs 1.47 +/- 0.34 mmol/L). Dietary fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, insoluble fiber, magnesium, and energy were significantly higher in the pecan treatment group than in the control group. Body mass indexes and body weights were unchanged in both groups. APPLICATIONS: Pecans can be included in a healthful diet when energy intake and potential weight gain are addressed.     

北京地区健康人血脂水平和血脂谱现状调查

目的:调查北京地区人群血脂水平和血脂谱现状,为血脂水平划分和血脂异常防治提供客观依据。方法:生活水平较好的男性1752例,女性761例为调查对象,从20～90岁,每10岁1个年龄组各分为7组。按血脂测定标准化方法测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)4项血脂水平。结果:TC水平最高男性为5.30mmol/L、女性为5.99mmol/L,高水平年龄在71～80岁;TG水平最高男性为1.87mmol/L,女性为1.77mmol/L,年龄在41～70岁;HDL-C最低水平为1.25mmol/L,各年龄段均在合适水平;LDL-C最高男性为3.46mmol/L,女性为3.78mmol/L,年龄在71～80岁。健康人异常脂蛋白血症发生率(按我国“血脂异常防治建议”血脂水平划分方案划分)为TC36.7%,TG31.22%,HDL-C2.84%,LDL-C12.68%。结论:健康人TC、HDL-C、LDL-C整体水平与90年代相似;TG水平比90年代明显增高。血脂谱以异常高TC占首位,依次为TG、LDL-C、HDL-C。高TG血症发生率(31.22%)与高TC血症发生率(36.7%)相差不多,应重视高TG血症防治。建议人群血脂水平为TC:合适水平<5.72mmol/L;边缘升高5.72～6.24mmol/L;危险水平>6.24mmol/L。TG:合适水平<2.00mmol/L;边缘升高2.00～3.39mmol/L;危险水平>3.39mmol/L。HDL-C:>1.04mmol/L为安全水平;<0.     

Serum lipid levels before and after vasectomy in men

The blood lipid profile was determined in sixty-two men, 24 to 62 years old, before and two, six and twelve months after surgical occlusion of the vas deferens. No statistically significant differences were found in mean body weight, blood pressure, serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol and alpha, beta and prebeta fractions of the lipoproteins, which were measured before and after surgery. When the serum levels of the alpha and beta fractions were considered in the same subject, it was observed that 12 months after vasectomy a similar percentage of cases showed a predominance of either one of them. Hence, no modifications on the lipid profile of these subjects were found that could indicate an increased risk of arteriosclerotic disease.     

Serum lipid levels correlate with solid tumor weight in hepatoma-bearing rats fed dietary fish oil

The effects of dietary fish oil (FO) on serum lipid levels and tumor proliferation were studied in Donryu rats subcutaneously implanted with the ascites hepatoma cell line AH109A. Solid tumor weight was significantly less and serum total cholesterol (T-Ch) level significantly lower in the groups fed the FO diet both before and after AH109A implantation than in the groups fed the corn oil diet. There were no significant effects in the serum lipid levels and tumor proliferation in the groups fed the FO diet only before or after the hepatoma implantation. The serum triacylglyceride, phospholipid, nonesterified fatty acid, T-Ch, and very-low-density lipoprotein+low-density lipoprotein-Ch levels showed significant positive correlations with the solid tumor weight. These results suggest that dietary FO ingestion after hepatoma implantation suppresses tumor proliferation and reduces serum lipid levels along with suppressing tumor proliferation.     

Serum lipid profiles in Japanese women and men during consumption of walnuts

OBJECTIVE: To determine the serum cholesterol, apolipoproteins and LDL oxidizability in young Japanese women and men during walnut consumption and to evaluate its active principle. DESIGN: Experimental study with a randomized design. SUBJECTS: Twenty healthy women and 20 healthy men. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomly assigned to consume each of two mixed natural diets for 4 weeks in a cross-over design. Reference and walnut diets were designed and the walnut diet had 12.5% of the energy derived from walnuts (44-58 g/day). RESULTS: The total cholesterol and serum apolipoprotein B concentrations, and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol was significantly lowered in women and men when fed on the walnut diet, than when on the reference diet (P相似文献   

Baseline plasma C-reactive protein concentrations influence lipid and lipoprotein responses to low-fat and high monounsaturated fatty acid diets in healthy men

To date, no studies have compared the effects of consuming a low-fat diet and a high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet, under unrestricted energy intake conditions, on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Men [n = 61; 37.5 +/- 11.5 y old (mean +/- SD), mean BMI 29.0 +/- 5.0 kg/m2] were randomly assigned to consume ad libitum a moderately low-fat diet (25.8% of energy intake from fat) or a high-fat diet rich in MUFA (40.1% of energy intake from fat, 22.5% from MUFA) for 6-7 wk. Plasma CRP concentrations were measured using a highly sensitive assay. Neither diet affected the plasma CRP concentration. However, baseline CRP concentrations predicted lipoprotein/lipid responsiveness to the experimental diets. After intake of the low-fat diet, plasma total and VLDL-triglyceride (TG) concentrations were increased in the subgroup with high CRP concentrations (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) whereas they were reduced in the subgroup with low CRP concentrations at baseline (P < 0.01 for both). The high-MUFA diet reduced plasma TG, VLDL-TG, and VLDL cholesterol only in the subgroup with low CRP at baseline (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the low-fat diet and the high-MUFA diet did not affect plasma CRP concentrations. However, baseline plasma CRP concentrations may modulate the diet-induced changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.     

Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men

OBJECTIVE: Frequent consumption of nuts is associated with favorable plasma lipid profiles and reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men compared with baseline and control diet, and also to measure the anthropometric parameters, habitual physical activities, nutrient intake and endothelial function. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Fifteen hypercholesterolemic men aged 48+/-8 years were recruited voluntarily. A well-controlled, 2-period (P1 and P2) study design with a total of 8-week was implemented. In the P1, subjects consumed a control diet (low-fat, low-cholesterol and high-carbohydrate). During the P2, the control diet was supplemented with MUFA-rich hazelnut (40 g/day), which provided 11.6% of total energy content. Anthropometric parameters and habitual physical activities were recorded. Plasma total and HDL cholesterol, TAG, ApoA-1, Apo B, total homocysteine and glucose concentrations were measured. All parameters and measurements were obtained at baseline and end of each 4-week diet period. RESULTS: Body weights of subjects remained stable throughout the study. Compared with baseline, the hazelnut-enriched diet decreased (P<0.05) the concentrations of VLDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B by 29.5, 31.8, and 9.2%, respectively, while increasing HDL cholesterol concentrations by 12.6%. Total/HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios favorably decreased (P<0.05). Although insignificant there was a decreasing trend for the rest of parameters, particularly in total (5.2%) and LDL cholesterol (3.3%) in subjects consuming a hazelnut-enriched diet compared to that of the baseline. No changes were found in fasting levels of glucose, Apo A-1 and homocysteine between the control and hazelnut-enriched diets. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that a high-fat and high-MUFA-rich hazelnut diet was superior to a low-fat control diet because of favorable changes in plasma lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic adult men and, thereby positively affecting the CHD risk profile. SPONSORSHIP: Funding provided by a grant from the Hazelnut Promotion Group, Giresun, Turkey.     

小于胎龄儿早期血脂及脂蛋白代谢特点

目的 了解小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age neonates,SGA)早期血脂及脂蛋白代谢特点。方法 选择无严重并发症新生SGA 47例为研究对象,以45例足月适于胎龄儿(adequate for gestational age,AGA)作为对照组。于出生后12 h内静脉采血,测定血浆总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterols,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterols,HDL-C)、载脂蛋白(apolipoproteins,apo)A1及apo-B水平,计算LDL-C/HDL-C及apo-B/apo-A1比值;并进一步将SGA根据是否足月、宫内发育迟缓程度(出生体重位于同胎龄平均体重P₃以下为SGA1组,P₃~P₁₀之间为SGA2组)及性别进行分组,比较上述指标的水平。结果 与对照组比较, SGA患儿具有高的TC(2.41±0.61 vs 2.11±0.78,P<0.05)、LDL-C(0.90±0.44 vs 0.71±0.42,P<0.05)和apo-B(0.40±0.22 vs 0.29±0.15,P<0.01)浓度,及高的LDL-C/HDL-C(1.31±1.29 vs 0.82±0.46,P<0.05)、apo-B/apo-A1(0.60±0.35 vs 0.40±0.19,P<0.01)比值;SGA1组比SGA2组具有低的TC、HDL-C及apoA1水平,而具有高的apo-B/apo-A1比值(P<0.01或<0.05);早产SGA患儿比足月SGA患儿具有低的TG水平(P<0.05);性别对SGA血脂及脂蛋白水平没有影响。结论 不良的宫内环境使SGA早期可出现脂质代谢异常,宫内发育迟缓越严重脂质代谢异常越明显,SGA远期可能更易出现心血管疾病;早产SGA血浆TG水平低于足月SGA,可能与新生儿成熟度相关。     

Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic men

BACKGROUND: The effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the mean size and concentrations of VLDL, LDL, and HDL subclasses have not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE: We determined the effects of DHA supplementation on the concentrations of apoproteins; large, medium, and small VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles; and the mean diameters of these particles in fasting and postprandial plasma. DESIGN: Hypertriglyceridemic men aged 39-66 y (n = 34) participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel study. They received no supplements for the first 8 d and received either 7.5 g DHA oil/d (3 g DHA/d) or olive oil (placebo) for the last 90 d. Lipoprotein particle diameters and concentrations were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: DHA supplementation for 45 d significantly (P < 0.05) decreased concentrations of fasting triacylglycerol (24%), large VLDL (92%), and intermediate-density lipoproteins (53%) and the mean diameter of VLDL particles (11.1 nm). It elevated concentrations of LDL cholesterol (12.6%), small VLDL particles (133%), and large LDL particles (120%) and the mean diameter of LDL particles (0.6 nm) in fasting plasma. Similar changes were observed for area under the curve for postprandial samples (0-6 h); however, the number of small dense LDL particles decreased significantly (21%), and the change in LDL cholesterol was not significant. Continued supplementation with DHA beyond 45 d caused no further changes; placebo treatment altered none of the responses tested. CONCLUSION: DHA supplementation may improve cardiovascular health by lowering concentrations of triacylglycerols and small, dense LDL particles.