Multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delay in a boy associated with a de novo 16p13.3 deletion

We describe a patient with multiple congenital anomalies including tracheobronchomalacia, CT-proven metopic craniosynostosis, glandular hypospadias and severe ventral chordee, torticollis, esotropia, strabismus, fifth finger clinodactyly, hallux valgus, and global developmental delay. Using high resolution chromosomal microarray analysis, we identified a de novo deletion of 555 kb on chromosome 16p13.3, 444 kb telomeric to the CREBBP gene and 623 kb centromeric of PKD1. Review of the literature revealed numerous reports of individuals with deletions involving adjacent regions including CREBBP, but only one overlapping with this isolated region of 16p13.3. Haploinsufficiency for one or more of the 25 candidate genes in the deleted genomic region may be responsible for these clinical features. No copy number variants (CNVs) span the entire region, but several small CNVs within the 555 kb genomic region reduce the likelihood for effects due to haploinsufficiency to 18 genes.     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a constitutional de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 12p in a boy with developmental delay and congenital anomalies

We describe the case of a 6-month-old boy with psychomotor retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism, cleft lip and palate, as well as hearing and visual impairment. Analysis of G-banded chromosomes of the propositus showed a de novo interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 12, del(12)(p12.1p12.3). Molecular cytogenetic analysis with bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) clones was used to refine the extent of the deletion. The deleted segment encompasses about 12.5 Mb between markers D12S1832 and G62375. The phenotypic consequences of the deletion are discussed and compared with other cases of interstitial deletions of proximal chromosome 12p.     

Distinct phenotype associated with a cryptic subtelomeric deletion of 19p13.3-pter

Telomeres are gene rich regions with a high recombination rate. Cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements are estimated to account for 5% of mental retardation/malformation syndromes. Here we present the first patient with a deletion of 19p13.3, identified by subtelomeric FISH analysis. His features included a distinctive facial appearance, cleft palate, hearing impairment, congenital heart malformation, keloid scarring, immune dysregulation, and mild learning difficulties. Subtelomeric FISH analysis identified a deletion of 19p13.3-pter. The deletion size was determined to be 1.2 Mb by FISH analysis. It extended from within the chromosomal region covered by BAC RP11-50C6 to 19pter. The deleted area encompassed approximately 60 genes. Fifteen possible candidate genes were considered with respect to the phenotype, including follistatin-related precursor 3 (FSTL3) and serine-threonine kinase 11 (STK-11).     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a de novo 5q31q33 deletion associated multiple congenital anomalies: Case report

Interstitial deletions are relatively rare chromosomal anomalies that usually arise de novo. The data describing the phenotype associated with interstitial deletions of 5q are very limited. We describe the first case of multiple fetal anomalies, diagnosed on prenatal sonographic examination, associated with a deletion at 5q31q33. Sonographic examination at 23 weeks' gestation demonstrated growth parameters consistent with 20 weeks' gestation; a 7-mm nuchal fold; a dilated loop of bowel adjacent to the stomach suggestive of duodenal atresia; clubbing of the left foot; a narrow aorta; suspected ventricular septal defect; and placental thickening. The patient delivered a severely growth-restricted fetus and enlarged placenta at 30 weeks' gestation. The infant died neonatally. Am. J. Med. Genet. 82:143–145, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

An interstitial deletion of chromosome 9 in a girl with multiple congenital anomalies.

An infant with peculiar facies, coloboma of both eyes, and developmental retardation was found to have d de novo interstitial deletion of the secondary constriction and some adjacent euchromatin on one of her No. 9 chromosomes, del(9)(q11q21). Since studies on duplications, variants, and the molecular composition of the secondary constriction suggest that it contributes little if any information necessary to normal development, deletion of the euchromatin alone is most probably responsible for the clinical findings.     

Unique de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 17, del(17) (q23.2q24.3) in a female newborn with multiple congenital anomalies

We describe a newborn with a novel interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 17 [del (17) (q23.2q24.3)] who died on day of life 17 during a recurrent apneic episode. Her phenotype included severe growth retardation, multiple facial anomalies, maldeveloped oralpharyngeal structures, and digital and widespread skeletal anomalies. This patient's phenotype was compared to two other reported patients with deletion 17q with minor clinical overlap consistent with a unique deletion. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A large interstitial deletion of 17p13.1p11.2 involving the Smith-Magenis chromosome region in a girl with multiple congenital anomalies

A 6-month-old girl had multiple congenital anomalies, including dysmorphic face; tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus; congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the right upper lung, and hemilateral kidney defect. Chromosome analysis as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymorphic marker analyses in the girl and her parents revealed a de novo large interstitial deletion of 17p13.1-p11.2 of the paternally derived chromosome 17. The deletion involved the Smith-Magenis chromosome region (SMCR). Lack of involvement of the Miller-Dieker syndrome region at 17p13.3 was confirmed by both FISH analysis and radiological examinations that showed no migrational abnormality. The girl died at age 7 months. This is the first report of a patient with a large interstitial deletion of 17p.     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a de novo interstitial chromosome 10q22 deletion

Interstitial deletions of 10q are rare, and only one patient with a deletion confined to chromosome band 10q22 has been reported so far. We report on a 2 6/12-year-old girl with a constitutional interstitial deletion of one homologue of 10q [karyotype: 46,XX,del(10)(q22.2q22.3)de novo]. Our patient had muscular hypotonia, developmental delay, growth retardation, mild facial dysmorphism, and hypoplastic labia minora. The precise location and extent (3.6 Mb) of the deletion was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 16 YAC and BAC clones. The clinical features in our patient are remarkably similar to the previously reported patient with a 10q22.2 deletion.     

De novo reciprocal 1p;2q translocation in a child with multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome

A newborn male infant was found to have an unusual pattern of congenital anomalies associated with an apparently balanced de novo reciprocal translocation: 46,XY,t(1;2)(p22;q22). The infant had a previously apparently undescribed multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation syndrome.     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a 10p14 deletion that includes the DGS2 region in a patient with multiple anomalies

We report on a prenatally diagnosed four-month-old boy with DiGeorge-like phenotype and a deletion of chromosome 10pter --> 14. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments using phage artificial chromosome (PAC) and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones indicated that the chromosomal breakpoint was located at the proximal boundary of the DiGeorge syndrome 2 (DGS2) critical region. The patient demonstrated a high forehead, high arched eyebrows, short palpebral fissures, sparse eyelashes, prominent nose with bulbous tip, small mouth, receding chin, round ears with deficient helices, cardiac defects atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), mild brachytelephalangy, mild syndactyly, hypoplastic left kidney, undescended testes, muscular hypertonia, dorsally flexed big toes, and developmental delay. The phenotype corresponded well with the clinical signs of 10p deletion of this region that were described previously. The facial features appeared different from the typical face with the 22q11 deletion.     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization and genotype/phenotype analysis in a patient with a de novo 8p23.2p23.3 deletion/12p13.31p13.33 duplication

Genomic copy number imbalances are being increasingly identified as an important cause of intellectual disability (ID) and behavioral disturbances. This article reports the clinical features, and long term follow-up of a patient with neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities associated with facial dysmorphism, CNS anomalies, and epilepsy. The karyotype was normal; array CGH testing revealed a de novo cryptic aberration with a terminal 8p23.2p23.3 deletion, and a concomitant 12p13.31p13.33 duplication, of 6.86 Mb, and 8.49 Mb, respectively. Our patient clinical features are compared to those of partial 8 monosomy and/or partial 12p trisomy cases reported in literature, in order to establish genotype-phenotype correlations. For some features, for example, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and epilepsy, both abnormalities seem to make a contribution, while most phenotypic traits have been assigned to 8p monosomy or to 12p trisomy, contributing to a tentative phenotype map for partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 8, and trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 12.     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of 2p23.2p23.3 deletion in a child with developmental delay,hypotonia and cryptorchism

Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 2 are exceedingly rare and only nine cases involving regions from 2p23 to 2pter have been reported to date. Most of these deletions had only been analysed by GTG banding. Here, we report an interstitial de novo deletion resulting in a microdeletion of 3.9 Mb involving 2p23.2-p23.3 segment, detected by SNP-array analysis, in a 5 year-old boy showing hypotonia, overweight, dysmorphic facial features and cryptorchidism. We compared the clinical features of the present case to previously described patients with deletions within this chromosomal region. Our case adds new information to the deletion of the distal part of chromosome 2p improving the knowledge on this rearrangement.     

一例新发生的5p部分单体合并隐匿18p微小重复

目的 对1例临床表型严重的疑似猫叫综合征患者的核型进行确诊,为评估该家庭的再发风险提供依据.方法 采用高分辨G-显带核型分析患者及其父母,应用猫叫综合征关键区基因位点特异性探针(5p15.2,D5S23/D5S721)、Tel 5p/5q、Tel 18p/18q亚端着丝粒探针和18号染色体涂染探针进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测患者及其父母,SNP-Array对患者全基因组DNA进行扫描分析.结果 高分辨G-显带核型分析发现患者5p末端有微小缺失.应用猫叫综合征关键区基因位点特异性探针荧光原位杂交结果发现患者D5S23/D5S721位点缺失.高密度的SNP-Array芯片检测结果显示该患者5号染色体短臂末端存在15 Mb片段的缺失合并18号染色体短臂末端存在约2 Mb的重复.应用5p亚端着丝粒探针和18p亚端粒探针进行FISH进一步确定了患者携带一条源于5p和18p易位而来衍生的5号染色体.最终确定其染色体核型为46,XY,der(5)t(5;18)(p15.1;p11.31)dn.结论 SNP-Array结合FISH技术确诊了患者为新发生的5p部分缺失合并隐匿的18p部分重复,在其家庭复发风险低.SNP-Array能检出微细的染色体不平衡改变,对于染色体的病因学分析及复发风险评估具有重要价值.