Hyperthyroidism with gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea and periodic paralysis.

A 32 year old male thyrotoxic presenting with gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea and later complicated with hypokalaemic periodic paralysis is presented. The gynaecomastia and galactorrhoea resolved with treatment. To the best of the author's knowledge this combination of association in one patient has not been reported previously.     

Hyperthyroidism with periodic paralysis, acropachy, pre-tibial myxoedema, transient atrial fibrillation and myopathy

A case of thyrotoxicosis presenting with periodic paralysis and later complicated by acropachy, pretibial myxoedema and transient atrial fibrillation is described. This association has not been reported previously. Possible aetiological links are discussed.     

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis

Periodic flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscle occurring in a thyrotoxic patient, an unusual and dramatic event, is seen predominantly in Oriental men. It is important to remember the clinical association between periodic paralysis and thyrotoxicosis.     

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis

A young man of 30 yrs got himself admitted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh with the complaints of suddenly developed weakness in his all four limbs. He had features of hyperthyroidism and he gave the history of similar attacks of weakness in his all four limbs in the previous months. His potassium was in the lower part of the normal range and his T4 and T3 were elevated but TSH was markedly low. He was diagnosed as a case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis on the basis of clinical and biochemical findings. After treatment with carbimazole, propranolol and potassium replacement, patient's condition improved dramatically.     

Purgatives and periodic paralysis.

A married woman, aged 42, had suffered attacks of muscular weakness. She was found to have profound hypokalaemia. This was due to chronic purgative abuse. There was a prompt response to treatment. The case raises issues of theoretical and practical importance.     

Waardenburg's syndrome and familial periodic paralysis

Nine members in three generations of a Chinese family were found to have Waardenburg''s syndrome comprising, mainly, lateral displacement of the inner canthi, broadening of the nasal root and hypertrichosis of the eyebrows. Other minor features were also found.     

甲状腺功能亢进合并低钾血症及周期性麻痹的临床研究

回顾分析1225例甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）患者临床资料,了解低钾血症和周期性麻痹的发生情况.其中单纯低钾血症者104例（8.5%）,女性占82.7%（86/104）,血钾为3.10～3.42mmol/L;周期性麻痹者60例（4.9%）,男性占96.7%（58/60）,血钾低于3.0 mmol/L者占93.3%（56/60）.甲亢控制后低钾血症和周期性麻痹均可缓解.     

低钾性周期性瘫痪的临床研究

目的 进一步探讨低钾性周期性瘫痪病因、临床表现及预后等，为今后临床治疗低钾性周期性瘫痪提供帮助。方法 对141例低钾性周期性瘫痪患者进行观察，结合临床进行分析。结果 在本研究中我们发现一些与以往公认的低钾性周期性瘫痪理论不一致的地方：糖、胰岛素、醛固酮、肾上腺素等的水平也可改变钾的内平衡而促使瘫痪发作；周期性瘫痪患者可以出现腱反射活跃、正常等表现。结论 低钾性周期性瘫痪与血钾浓度、心电图的异常改变成正相关。临床上应结合辅助检查进一步明确诊断及时补钾到正常水平，以免耽误治疗。     

低钾性周期性麻痹临床特点分析

目的：探讨低钾性周期性麻痹的临床特点, 比较原发性低钾周期性麻痹与甲状腺毒症继发周期性麻痹两组患者的异同点。方法: 北京大学第一医院1996年12月至2008年12月住院治疗的低钾性周期性麻痹患者44例, 回顾性分析其临床资料。结果: 原发组和甲状腺毒症继发组各22例, 两组患者共同的特点: (1)均好发于青壮年男性; (2)主要临床表现均为肢体活动障碍和乏力, 大部分病例以反复多次发作为主; (3)部分病例（40.9% ~ 68.2%）发病有明显诱因, 诱因以饱餐、喝甜饮料和剧烈运动最常见; (4)发病时, 两组患者血钾水平均明显低于正常水平; (5)原发组与甲状腺毒症继发组分别有20%和25%的患者肌酸激酶明显升高, 补钾治疗后较快恢复正常, 乳酸脱氢酶及α羟基丁酸脱氢酶均正常; (6)补钾剂量与发病时血钾水平无相关性。两组患者的不同点主要表现为: (1) 甲状腺毒症继发组患者有高代谢症状, 甲状腺功能提示T3、T4升高和促甲状腺激素（TSH）降低, 原发组患者无此类症状, 其甲状腺功能正常; (2)甲状腺毒症继发组血钾水平显著低于原发组［(2.25±0.67) vs (2.78±0.49)mmol/L, P=0.007］; (3)甲状腺毒症继发周期性麻痹较原发性低钾性周期性麻痹在补钾治疗过程中更容易出现反跳性高钾血症。结论: 低钾性周期性麻痹有其临床特点, 早期诊断及时补钾治疗预后较好。补钾时不能仅根据发病时血钾水平决定补钾剂量, 应密切监测血钾水平。甲状腺毒症继发周期性麻痹在补钾治疗过程中更容易出现反跳性高钾血症, 在补钾治疗时应当密切监测血钾, 并积极根治甲状腺毒症。     

Potassium shift in thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

A thyrotoxic patient who initially presented with periodic paralysis is described. Precipitation of an attack by a high carbohydrate diet was associated with only a modest fall in plasma potassium but with a marked rise in total blood cell potassium.     

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a white woman

A 24 year old white woman presented with sudden onset of flaccid quadriparesis and hypokalaemia. She was later found to be thyrotoxic. Paralysis resolved with potassium supplements, and after initiation of antithyroid medication she had no further episodes of hypokalaemic paralysis. To the best of the authors' knowledge, and after a Medline search, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis has not been described previously in a white woman.     

A case report of familial periodic paralysis

A 20-year-old male was brought to the hospital with the complaints of severe weakness and inability to move the limbs of 12 hours duration. For the last 2 years he had the same episodes with spontaneous recovery. Family history strongly suggested involvement of other members of the family. Physical examination did not suggest any neurological deficit. All investigations were normal except serum potassium level being 2.2 meq/l during attack and 3.4 meq/l after the attack. He was treated with oral acetazolamide and potassium chloride. The case was diagnosed to be familial periodic paralysis belonged to the group 'episodic myasthenia'.     

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. A case report

Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis (TPP)--a rare complication of thyrotoxicosis and a medical emergency--is characterized by recurrent episodes of muscle weakness and hypokalemia associated with hyperthyroidism. We report a case of TPP in a 38-year-old white Lebanese male. The patient suffered from severe muscle weakness of the upper and lower limbs. His blood tests revealed hypokalemia (k: 2.4 mEq/L), low thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH (0.001 microIU/mL) and normal levels of thyroid hormones. The thyroid scan showed a hot nodule. His paralysis resolved with IV potassium. The patient was treated with propranolol and radioactive iodine with complete remission of the hyperthyroidism and the paralysis. A discussion of the clinical and pathophysiological features and treatment of TPP is presented.