参麦注射液联合热疗抑制血管生成作用的体内外实验研究

目的探讨参麦注射液联合应用热疗对体内外血管生成的抑制作用。方法采用MTT法观察参麦注射液联合热疗对人微血管内皮细胞(HMVEC)、人肝癌细胞HepGⅡ增殖的影响。利用三维血管模型观察参麦注射液联合热疗对HMVEC迁移的影响。利用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)模型,观察参麦注射液对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的影响。结果参麦注射液在40μl/ml~160μl/ml浓度范围内,具有抑制血管内皮细胞增殖和迁移作用(内皮细胞存活率在82.0%~36.8%),均与浓度呈负相关(相关系数分别为-0.949、-0.535,P值分别为0.0012、0.0043);具有抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的作用;而在40μl/ml~80μl/ml浓度范围内时,对人肝癌HepGⅡ细胞表现出亚细胞毒作用(细胞存活率在98.8%~76.2%之间);当浓度≥160μl/ml时对人肝癌HepGⅡ细胞发挥细胞毒作用,(细胞存活率低于50%)。40μl/ml~160μl/ml的参麦注射液与热疗联合应用在体外具有抗血管生成的协同效应。结论小剂量参麦注射液(40μl/ml~160μl/ml)联合热疗在体内外均具有抑制血管增殖和迁移协同作用。     

参麦注射液联合羟基喜树碱抑制血管生成作用的实验研究

背景与目的：某些小剂量中药和小剂量化疗药物可选择性地抑制血管内皮细胞的功能。因此本文探讨参麦注射液联合应用羟基喜树碱对体内外血管生成的抑制作用。方法：以人肝癌细胞HepGⅡ作为对照，采用MTT法和三维血管模型观察参麦注射液联合羟基喜树碱对体外人微血管内皮细胞（HMVEC）增殖和迁移的影响；利用鸡胚尿囊膜（CAM）模型观察参麦注射液联合羟基喜树碱对体内鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的影响。结果：40μl／ml参麦注射液和20ng／ml羟基喜树碱对血管内皮细胞增殖的抑制率分别为18％、31．7％，联合应用后的抑制率为43．6％；40μl／ml参麦注射液和20ng／ml羟基喜树碱对HepGⅡ细胞的抑制率分别为1．2％、0．9％，联合应用后的抑制率为19．4％；40μl／ml参麦注射液和20ng／ml羟基喜树碱对血管内皮细胞有抑制出芽的作用，联合应用具有显著的协同效应，且与作用时间呈正相关（r=0．988，P=0．007）；40μl／ml参麦注射液和20ng／ml羟基喜树碱对鸡胚尿囊膜新生血管抑制率分别为30％、40％，联合应用后的抑制率为60％。结论：①小剂量参麦注射液（40μl／m1）、羟基喜树碱（20ng／m1）在体内外具有抑制血管生成作用，而对肝癌细胞无明显抑制作用，显示出明显差异性细胞毒作用；②小剂量参麦注射液（40μl／m1）联合羟基喜树碱（20ng／m1）在体外具有抑制HMVEC增殖和迁移协同作用，体内具有抑制血管生成协同作用。     

参麦注射液联合环磷酰胺抑制血管生成作用的实验研究

目的:探讨参麦注射液联合应用环磷酰胺对体内外血管生成的抑制作用。方法:以人肝癌细胞HepGⅡ作为对照,分别采用MTT法、三维血管模型、鸡胚尿囊膜(CAM)模型观察参麦注射液联合环磷酰胺对体外人微血管内皮细胞(HMVEC)增殖、迁移和体内血管生成的影响。结果:40μl/ml参麦注射液和0.4mg/ml环磷酰胺对血管内皮细胞增殖的抑制率分别为18%、11.2%,联合应用为39.1%;而对HepG II增殖的抑制率仅分别为1.2%、3.6%,联合应用为11.8%;对血管内皮细胞有抑制出芽的作用,联合应用具有显著的协同效应。对鸡胚尿囊膜新生血管生成具有协同抑制作用。结论:小剂量参麦注射液(40μl/ml)、环磷酰胺(0.4mg/ml):在体内外具有抑制血管生成作用,而对肝癌细胞无明显抑制作用;在体外具有抑制血管增殖和迁移的协同作用和体内具有抑制血管生成协同作用。     

长春瑞滨及联合热疗抗血管生成作用的实验

目的探讨长春瑞滨及联合热疗对血管生成的抑制作用。方法以人肺癌A549细胞为对照,采用MTT法观察长春瑞滨及联合热疗对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）增殖的影响;通过Transwell趋化实验、小管形成实验及流式细胞术观察长春瑞滨对HUVEC迁移、小管形成及细胞凋亡的影响;利用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）模型,观察长春瑞滨对体内CAM新生血管的影响。结果小剂量（0.1～1 ng/ml）长春瑞滨对HUVEC和A549增殖抑制具有差异细胞毒性（P=0.000）。0.1～1 ng/ml 长春瑞滨呈剂量依赖性抑制HUVEC增殖（r=0.993,P=0.000）,联合热疗具有抑制HUVEC增殖的叠加或协同效应。小剂量长春瑞滨能够抑制HUVEC迁移和小管形成,诱导HUVEC凋亡,遏制CAM新生血管形成。结论小剂量长春瑞滨具有抗血管生成作用,联合热疗具有协同或叠加效应。     

奥沙利铂联合热疗对血管生成的抑制作用

目的探讨奥沙利铂(L-OHP)联合热疗在体内外对血管生成的抑制作用。方法采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTY)法观察L-OHP联合热疗对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)和人结肠癌LOVO细胞增殖的影响;采用transwell实验观察L-OHP联合热疗对HUVEC迁移的影响;采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)模型观察L-OHP对CAM新生血管的抑制作用。结果0.5～16μs/ml L-OHP均具有抑制HUVEC增殖的作用,细胞存活率为80.1%～42.5%,其增殖速度与L-OHP浓度呈负相关(r=-0.943, P=0.005);在此浓度范围内,L-OHP对LOVO细胞增殖的抑制明显低于对HUVEC的抑制。0.5、1和16μg/ml L-OHP与热疗对HUVEC增殖的抑制具有协同作用,2、4和8μg/ml L-OHP与热疗具有相加作用。0.25～2μg/ml L-OHP具有抑制HUVEC迁移的作用,细胞迁移抑制率为18.7%～53.0%。1、4μg/ml L-OHP对CAM新生血管具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率分别为70.0%和100.0%。结论小剂量L-OHP在体内外具有抑制血管生成的作用,联合热疗对抑制HUVEC增殖具有协同或相加效应。     

奥沙利铂联合复方苦参注射液抗血管生成作用的实验研究

背景与目的:肿瘤的生长、转移、复发和预后均与肿瘤血管生成密切相关.以肿瘤血管生成为靶点,开发血管生成抑制剂在抗肿瘤研究中是一个十分活跃的研究领域.近年来,研究发现某些化疗药物,在小剂量、高频率的给药方式下可以选择性地显著抑制肿瘤组织内新生血管内皮细胞的生长,使肿瘤细胞因为血供不足而生长受阻.这称为小剂量化疗或抗血管生成化疗.中医药治疗肿瘤具有独到的疗效,近年来发现许多中药制剂及中药来源的药物有抗血管新生作用.本研究旨在在国内外现有的研究基础上探讨奥沙利铂联合复方苦参注射液对体内外血管生成的抑制作用.方法:采用MTT法观察奥沙利铂(L-OHP)联合复方苦参注射液对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)、人结肠癌LoVo细胞增殖的影响;采用transwell板,观察L-OHP联合复方苦参注射液对HUVEC迁移的影响;采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)模型,观察L-OHP联合复方苦参注射液对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜新生血管的抑制作用.结果:HUVEC和LoVo细胞对不同浓度两种药物进行联合的敏感性不同.2 μg/ml奥沙利铂和25 μl/ml复方苦参注射液对HUVEC增殖的抑制率分别为31.6%、32.1%,联合应用后的抑制率为54.4%,具有协同作用;0.5 μg/ml奥沙利铂和6.25 μl/ml复方苦参注射液具有抑制HUVEC迁移的作用,联合应用具有协同效应.奥沙利铂联合应用复方苦参注射液具有抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成作用.结论:小剂量L-OHP和复方苦参注射液在体外有抑制细胞生长,在体内具有抑制血管生成作用,两者联合具有协同效应.     

雷公藤红素抑制血管生成的实验研究

目的：探讨雷公藤红素对血管生成的抑制作用。方法：采用MTT法测定雷公藤红素对血管内皮细胞株(ECV)增殖的影响,观察雷公藤红素对ECV迁移实验和小管形成实验的作用,以及对鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成的影响。体内实验采用Matrigel plug方法。结果：雷公藤红素可明显抑制ECV的体外增殖,IC50为1．33μg／ml;可抑制ECV的迁移和小管形成,并且呈明显的剂量依赖性;同时具有抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成和Matrigel plug中的血管新生的作用。结论：雷公藤红素具有明显抑制血管生成的作用,有可能成为有效的血管生成抑制剂。     

人血管抑制因子Vasostatin短片段(120-180 aa)的克隆、表达及功能研究

目的:利用基因工程技术,克隆并表达人血管抑制因子Vasostatin120-180aa功能区片段,探讨其对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜新生血管抑制的作用.方法:采用PCR技术扩增人血管抑制因子Vasostatin120-180aa功能区基因,并利用pQE30原核表达系统诱导表达Vasostatin120-180aa,经镍金属螯合层析法纯化,通过鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜实验验证其抑制新生血管生成的作用.结果:PCR扩增出了长度为180 bp的Vasostatin120-180aa功能区基因,后经pQE30原核表达系统表达并纯化出Vasostatin120-180aa,SDS-PAGE显现一条约8 kD的阳性条带,Vasostatin120-180aa可显著抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜新生血管的生成.结论:原核表达的Vasosta-tin120-180aa功能区片段具有生物学活性,可明显抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜新生血管的生成,在一定范围内呈量效依赖性.     

去甲斑蝥素对人乳腺癌血管生成的抑制作用

背景与目的:去甲斑蝥素(norcantharidin,NCTD)具有抑瘤作用,本文研究它对血管生成的作用,以及对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(chorioallantoci membrane,CAM)移植肿瘤血管生成的影响。方法:①建立鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型,将明胶海绵载体置于两条前卵黄静脉间血管的CAM上,将不同剂量的NCTD加在载体上,以生理盐水对照,观察记录载体周围血管分支点数,计算血管生成抑制率。②建立人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞鸡胚移植模型。给予不同剂量的NCTD20μl[72、36、18μg/(胚.d)],以生理盐水对照,计算血管生成抑制率。结果:NCTD对以明胶海绵为载体的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成具抑制作用,72、36、18、9μg NCTD组血管生成抑制率分别为77.7%、62.9%、50.6%及33.0%,并且呈剂量依赖性。移植肿瘤可诱发血管生成,NCTD能明显抑制MCF-7鸡胚移植肿瘤血管生成,72、36、18μg NCTD对移植瘤诱导的血管抑制率分别为66.2%、39.3%和22.8%。结论:NCTD能明显抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜新生血管的生成,同时能抑制人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞鸡胚移植肿瘤的血管生成。其抗肿瘤作用与抑制肿瘤血管生成有关。     

紫杉醇抗血管生成作用的实验研究

 目的　探讨紫杉醇的抗血管生成作用。方法　以人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC)原代培养模型 ,MTT法测定紫杉醇对HUVEC增殖的影响 ;采用鸡胚尿囊膜血管形成模型 (CAM模型 ) ,观察紫杉醇对鸡胚尿囊膜新生血管的抑制作用。结果　紫杉醇在非细胞毒浓度下可在体外抑制HUVEC的增殖 ,在体内抑制鸡胚尿囊膜新生血管形成。结论　紫杉醇在非细胞毒浓度下具有抗血管生成作用。     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.