老年抑郁症的常用心理治疗方法简介

<正>老年抑郁症临床常用的心理治疗方法包括行为治疗、认知治疗、人际心理治疗、婚姻和家庭治疗、个体心理治疗、集体心理治疗等。精神动力学治疗。精神动力学治疗的基本特点为正视存在的问题,给予澄清、释义,解释等。该方法可以提高患者的内省能力,帮助患者自我识别内心冲突的根源,治疗其长期存在的空虚感和自我评价过低。精神动力学理论依据:很多抑郁症患者的内心都存在较强的心理动力冲突,他们过分追求完美,对现实感到不满,缺乏自我认同感,对事     

浅谈恶性肿瘤患者的心理治疗

目的探讨了恶性肿瘤患者心理行为经历的悲恐、幻想、愤怒、升华、抑郁、颓废六个过程,并提出了相应的心理治疗。方法①了解患者心理动态,及时消除不良情绪;②注意分散法;③教育干预法;④帮助患者保持乐观情绪,树立战胜疾病的信心;⑤帮助患者建立良好的心理沟通能力。结果对肿瘤患者进行的心理治疗解除了患者的消极情绪,提高了免疫功能。结论只有了解患者心理,给予相应的心理治疗,充分发挥其主观能动性,才能提高治疗的效果。     

曲唑酮联合心理治疗对海洛因依赖者脱毒期的疗效观察

目的:观察曲唑酮联合心理治疗对海洛因依赖者脱毒期间的临床疗效,探讨其在改善成瘾者心理状况、防复吸等方面的作用.方法:120例接受丁丙诺非维持治疗(BMT)的海洛因依赖者随机分为对照组、曲唑酮组、心理治疗组、曲唑酮+心理治疗组,每组30例.治疗前后,采用稽延性症状评定量表、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、海洛因渴求评定量表、自我控制量表分别对患者进行问卷调查.结果:曲唑酮和心理治疗均能改善海洛因依赖者脱毒期间的焦虑、抑郁症状;与曲唑酮组、心理治疗组比较,曲唑酮联合心理治疗在改善焦虑、抑郁症状方面疗效更显著.心理治疗还可降低渴求、增加自我控制能力,而曲唑酮在降低渴求、增加自我控制能力方面则无明显疗效.结论:曲唑酮联合心理治疗可有效控制海洛因依赖者脱毒期间焦虑、抑郁症状,并能增加海洛因依赖者自我控制能力,降低渴求,对预防复吸具有积极作用.     

浅谈住院老年冠心病患者心理问题的护理

目的通过对本组住院老年患者存在的不良心理问题的观察、探讨,了解心理护理与心理治疗在疾病治疗、康复过程中的重要性。方法收集本科103例冠心病患者的临床资料,总结患者的心态特征,得到有益的护理经验。结果通过有效的心理护理,使患者逐渐掌握自我心理调适的方法,达到促进健康的目的。结论心理护理在住院老年冠心病患者的治疗和康复中的作用是不可或缺的。     

心理咨询与心理治疗的异同点

心理咨询是心理咨询师遵循心理学原则,通过各种心理学技术和方法,帮助求助者解决心理问题,心理治疗是心理治疗师对求助者各类心理与行为问题进行矫治的过程。     

心理治疗的临床应用概况

近十几年来,心理治疗出现了很多流派。例如,Kohut的自身心理学提出:心理治疗的目的在于帮助病人恢复其心理发展过程,使能重新获得心理上的活力、内凝力与和谐。日本有精神分析流派、催眠术流派、行为疗法以及森田疗法流派。法国实用的心理治疗方法主要有:与精神分析有关的心理治疗、行为心理治疗、人本主义心理学流派。虽然不同的学派和理论对心理治疗的定义有一定分歧,但一般都认为它是应用心理学原理以及医患关系来治疗精神和躯体疾患的。应用时必须按照一定的规律和方法。     

团体心理治疗技术在抑郁症护理中的应用

团体心理治疗是在团体的氛围中提供心理帮助和指导的一种治疗形式。它主要通过团员之间相互人际作用,促使个体在交往中通过观察、学习、体验、认识自我、探讨自我来调整和改善与他人的关系,学习新的行为模式。抑郁症患者表现为对他人、社会进行自我封闭,兴趣、情绪降低,孤独感明显。而团     

偏瘫患者的心理治疗

<正>心理治疗又称精神治疗,是应用心理学的原则和方法通过治疗者与被治疗者的相互作用关系,医治患者心理、情绪,认识行为等问题。心理治疗的作用是通过语音、表情动作、行为来向患者施加心理上的影响,解决心理上的问题,达到治疗的目的,偏瘫患者的康复不仅需要加强患者的躯体功能,还应重视心理行为方面的康复,心理变化明显影响偏瘫患者的康复过程及结果,临床上对偏瘫患者应从以下几个方面进行心理治疗。     

心理治疗对精神病恢复期的临床意义

目的通过临床研究探讨心理治疗对精神病恢复期的临床意义。方法应用结构性访谈、个案分析和心理测量的方法,对接受心理治疗的精神病恢复期患者35例,进行具体分析精神病恢复期患者的心理状况、心理治疗的策略和心理治疗的效果。结果精神病恢复期患者的心理治疗在充分考虑患者的心理状况和需求后,采用科学的心理治疗的策略,取得了较好的恢复成效。结论精神病恢复期在药物治疗的同时配合心理治疗和人文关怀是其回归社会的必须的治疗手段。     

论心理治疗在疾病治疗中的作用

随着心理医学的发展,心理因素对健康的影响越来越受到人们的关注。心理社会因素既可致病又可治病，心身医学研究认为，心理治疗在疾病诊治中具有药物所不可替代的作用。因此，心理治疗在医疗诊治过程中的位置越来越重。1心理治疗的重要性 随着社会的发展，人们物质生活的不断丰富、社会节奏的加快，心理社会因素带来的纠葛也越来越多，     

Helping Smokers Quit: The Smoking Cessation Leadership Center Engages Behavioral Health by Challenging Old Myths and Traditions

Smoking is much more common among persons with behavioral health conditions (mental illnesses and/or substance use disorders). Persons with these disorders are more likely to die from smoking-related causes than any other reason. Studies have shown that stopping smoking can improve mental health function, as well as improve outcomes for substance use disorders. Yet, for a variety of reasons, smoking cessation has not been integrated into the treatment of behavioral health conditions, and in many instances tobacco use was not only condoned but encouraged. Beginning in 2007, the Smoking Cessation Leadership Center (SCLC) began engaging relevant agencies in an attempt to stimulate more vigorous smoking cessation activities. Partners included the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, advocacy organizations such as the National Alliance on Mental Illness and Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America, and clinical groups such as the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Behavioral Health, and National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors. A signature program featured 16 individual state summits involving agencies and groups from multiple sectors, all aiming to lower smoking rates in behavioral health populations. These activities mark an evolving culture change within behavioral health.     

Readiness for mental health treatment and for changing alcohol use in patients with comorbid psychiatric and alcohol disorders: Are they congruent?

Patients with comorbid psychiatric and alcohol disorders may be ready to change one problem but not the other. This study compared 132 dually diagnosed patients' readiness for mental health treatment to their readiness to change alcohol use. The patients completed a measure of readiness to change alcohol use [the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale-Alcohol (URICA-A)] and the new Readiness for Mental Health Treatment measure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) reveals that the measures have similar factor structures, but correlation and cluster analyses suggest that separate levels of patient motivation exist for mental health treatment and changing alcohol use. The newly developed mental health treatment measure will help clinicians tailor interventions to their patients' needs.     

Co-occurring disorders in the adolescent mental health and substance abuse treatment systems

This article explores the rates of co-occurring disorders in two large federally-funded programs that target youth. In the mental health treatment system, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) supports the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program. SAMHSA's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) supports a number of grant programs providing substance abuse treatment for adolescents. The data from these programs underscores the need for the use of systematic, validated, biopsychosocial assessment instruments for all youth entering either the substance abuse or mental health treatment systems. The current evidence base for models of co-occurring treatment for youth is discussed and recommendations made for future activity related to adolescent co-occurring treatment.     

What Can Parents Do? A Review of State Laws Regarding Decision Making for Adolescent Drug Abuse and Mental Health Treatment

This study examined U.S. state laws regarding parental and adolescent decision making for substance use and mental health inpatient and outpatient treatment. State statutes for requiring parental consent favored mental health over drug abuse treatment and inpatient over outpatient modalities. Parental consent was sufficient in 53% to 61% of the states for inpatient treatment, but only for 39% to 46% of the states for outpatient treatment. State laws favored the rights of minors to access drug treatment without parental consent, and to do so at a younger age than for mental health treatment. Implications for how these laws may impact parents seeking help for their children are discussed.     

Psychopathology in adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence

Adolescents who abuse or are dependent on alcohol often have coexisting mental disorders. These disorders may both precipitate alcohol use disorders and result from them. In addition, both types of disorders may arise independently in adolescents at high risk. Mental disorders that commonly co-occur with alcohol use disorders in adolescents include antisocial disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. Treatment programs for adolescents with alcohol use disorders should seek not only to eliminate alcohol and other drug use but also to improve the symptoms of other mental disorders.     

Increasing program capability to provide treatment for co-occurring substance use and mental disorders: Organizational characteristics

The Dual Diagnosis Capability in Addiction Treatment and the Dual Diagnosis Capability in Mental Health Treatment indexes were used to document change in the capability of 14 substance abuse and mental health agencies to provide services to clients with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders (COD). COD capability significantly increased over 2 years, with the largest improvements seen in client assessment and staff training for COD. The role of agency structural characteristics and organizational readiness for change was also investigated. The study found modest evidence that some structural characteristics (e.g., agency size) and organizational readiness for change were related to increased COD capability. Further study is needed of how these factors affect implementation and fidelity to evidence-based practices, including how programs might compensate for or modify the effects of organizational factors to enhance implementation efforts.     

The Ohio Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Coordinating Center of Excellence

Abstract

State-wide implementation of “evidence-based practices” such as Integrated Dual Disorders Treatment (IDDT) has been slow to occur. In Ohio, the Department of Mental Health has established an “Ohio Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Coordinating Center of Excellence” (SAMICCOE) to facilitate the implementation and maintenance of high fidelity IDDT programs. This evidence-based treatment has been found to be effective in clinical trials, and is undergoing adaptation to address the needs of other populations. The SAMI CCOE's twelve person staff provides training and dissemination, technical assistance and research to mental health and substance abuse programs implementing this treatment model in Ohio.     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联用脑复康治疗血管性痴呆的临床研究

目的:观察苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联用脑复康治疗血管性痴呆(VD)的疗效。方法:将66例VD患者随机分为治疗组、对照组各33例。治疗组用苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平2·5～5mg,每日1次,脑复康0·8g,每日3次,共服3个月;对照组用脑复康0·8g,每日3次,共服3个月。其他根据血糖、血压、血脂相应基础治疗,观察3个月。治疗前、后用简易精神状态评估量表(MMSE)、日常生活功能量表(ADL)、长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)、痴呆严重程度临床评定量表(WMS),评价2组患者认知功能、智能状态。结果:治疗组用药后MMSE(22·48±3·25)分,ADL(25·16±8·96)分,HDS(23·14±2·91)分,WMS(71·14±19·01)分;对照组用药后MMSE(20·56±3·18)分,ADL(29·74±13·01)分,HDS(20·41±6·25)分,WMS(60·35±20·60)分。治疗组较对照组症状明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05或P<0·01)。结论:苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联用脑复康,可明显改善患者的认知功能和智能状态,提高生活质量,治疗VD有效。     

A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine adjunctive treatment to conventional antipsychotics for the cognitive impairments in chronic schizophrenia

The objective of the study was to study the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on cognition in patients with schizophrenia. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine as adjunctive treatment to conventional antipsychotic drugs on 24 patients with schizophrenia. The 24 patients had been stabilized on conventional antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine equivalent dose of 1390 mg/day) for a minimum of 3 months before their enrollment into the study. The patients were evaluated at baseline, and after 6 and 12 weeks using the Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and a standard neuropsychological battery. Compared with placebo, galantamine produced a small and nonsignificant change in the cognitive measures, but the score for recognition on the Rey Complex Figure Test improved significantly in patients given galantamine (P<0.05). Of the several domains of cognitive functions assessed, galantamine tended to improve the score for recognition on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and for color on the Stroop Test (P<0.1), but these results were not statistically significant. The scores on the Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination did not change significantly in patients with galantamine, and the psychiatric symptoms did not change. The addition of galantamine to the conventional antipsychotic medication of patients with schizophrenia does not produce a change in the cognitive function or state of psychopathology.     

酒依赖患者妻子的心理状态及综合干预的影响

目的：探讨酒依赖患者妻子的心理状态及综合干预的影响。方法：对60例酒依赖患者妻子的心理状态进行调查分析并对其进行6周有计划的综合心理干预，采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）在干预前后进行评定。结果：综合心理干预前酒依赖患者妻子SCL-90评分均高于国内常模，其中，躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分与国内常模比较差异有高度显著性意义（P〈0．01）：干预6周后躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分等与干预前有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；干预6周后各因子分与国内常模比较差异均无显著性意义。结论：酒依赖患者妻子普遍存在心理问题，给予综合心理干预能提高其心理健康水平。