糖尿病患者白内障表麻下超声乳化吸出术

目的探讨糖尿病患者的白内障在表面麻醉下行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术的安全性手术效果。方法对39例（41眼）糖尿病患者白内障在表面麻醉下行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术,观察其术后视力、不良反应及并发症。结果所有患者均在表麻下很好地配合完成了手术,无感染、出血等严重并发症发生。平均手术时间7 m in,术后第1 d视力≥0.5者23眼,占56.10%;术后1周视力≥0.5者37眼,占90.24%,最佳视力1.2。结论糖尿病患者白内障在表麻下行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术是可行的。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术

目的:探讨表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法:对79例86眼白内障患者在表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果:其中64例71眼无疼痛,15例15眼胀痛,术中追加一次表面麻醉。平均手术时间为18min,术后1d及1wk视力≥0.5者分别占83%和92%。结论:表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术具有操作简单,手术时间短,术后视力恢复快且稳定,手术成本低,适合我国国情,有利于规模化手术。     

高度近视伴核性白内障表面麻醉下超声乳化治疗观察

目的 探讨高度近视伴核性白内障表面麻醉下超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术的效果.方法 对78例(78跟)高度近视伴核性白内障在表面麻醉下行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术,观察麻醉满意度,术中及术后并发症.结果 所有患者均在表麻下无痛苦完成手术,术中术后无严重并发症发生.术后1d视力≥0.5者46例(46眼),占58.97％;术后1周视力≥0.5者58例(58眼),占74.35％.结论 表面麻醉下超声乳化白内障吸出术人工晶状体植入是高度近视伴核性白内障较理想的手术方式.     

表面麻醉下晶状体超声乳化临床观察

目的观察表面麻醉在晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术中的麻醉效果。方法采用表面麻醉对198例(212眼)进行晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术。结果212眼均在表面麻醉下完成手术,术后1周最佳视力≥0.5者176眼(83.02%),术后1月最佳视力者≥0.5者200眼(94.34%)。主要并发症:后囊破裂6眼(2.83%),中度角膜水肿4眼(1.89%)。结论表面麻醉下行晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术是安全、有效的。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：对90例（102只眼）白内障患者在表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果：所有患者在表麻下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成。无一例改用其它麻醉方法。平均手术时间为20.04分钟。术后1天及1周视力≥0.5者，分别占67.65％和77.27％。结论：表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入

目的:探讨表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性、有效性及适应证。方法:对150例152眼白内障患者在表面麻醉下行隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果:所有患者在表面麻醉下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成。无1例改用其他麻醉方法。平均手术时间为24min。术后第2d视力≥0.2者147眼(97%);视力≥0.5者103眼(68%);视力≥0.8者20眼(13%)。结论:表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入是安全经济、实用、效果好、相对来说易掌握,特别适用于经济欠发达地区成熟、过熟、大核、硬核白内障多的情况。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术

目的评价在爱尔凯因麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性及优越性.方法在爱尔凯因表麻下对116例(120只眼)白内障患者行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术,并观察其麻醉效果及视力.结果在表麻下全部患者均可很好地配合手术完成,无一例更换麻醉方法.平均手术时间13.51分钟,术后第1天视力大于0.5者占60.83%,术后1周大于0.5者占75.83%.结论在爱尔凯因表麻下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全优越的.     

透明角膜反眉形切口超声乳化人工晶状体植入术临床观察

目的:探讨透明角膜反眉形小切口白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的手术方法及疗效.方法:对68例(88眼)白内障患者进行透明角膜反眉形切口的超声乳化白内障摘出术,伞部病例均采用表面麻醉及植入硬性人工晶状体,术后观察手术反应、视力和并发症.结果:术后随访第1wk的裸眼视力在0.5以上者有80眼,占91%,术后1mo的矫正视力在0.5以上者为85眼(96%).术后患者无1例出现超过1.00D的角膜散光者.结论:在表面麻醉下行透明角膜反眉形切口的白内障超声乳化及植入硬性人工晶状体手术具有安全、前房形成好、切口不易渗漏、恢复快、散光度数低等特点.     

表面麻醉在大规模防盲手术中的应用

目的:评价盐酸奥布卡因(倍诺喜)在大规模小切口非超声乳化白内障防盲手术中的安全性及有效性。方法:对636例(636眼)基层贫困白内障患者在盐酸奥布卡因表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果:所有患者在表面麻醉下均能很好的配合顺利完成手术,无1例中途更换麻醉方法。平均手术时间12.16min,术后第1d视力≥0.3者82.3%,术后3d≥0.3者93.9%。结论:盐酸奥布卡因表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术在基层大规模防盲中是安全快捷有效的。     

倍诺喜表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障术

目的：探讨倍诺喜表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：对364例(402只眼)白内障患者在倍诺喜表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果： 所有患者在表麻下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成，无一例改用其它麻醉方法。平均手术时间为12．35分钟。术后1天及1周视力≥0．5者，分别占62．44％和78．11％。结论：倍诺喜表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。     

表面麻醉下小切口白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术

目的:探讨表面麻醉下小切口白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床效果和优点。方法:70例83眼采用表面麻醉下透明角膜小切口白内障超声乳化术并植入折叠式后房型人工晶状体。结果:术后1mo视力>0.3者77眼。术中1眼出现后囊破裂,但人工晶状体顺利植入;1眼外伤性白内障人工晶状体未能植入;糖尿病患者2眼出现并发症。结论:表面麻醉下小切口白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术具有术程短、术后视力恢复快的优点。     

表面麻醉用于人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术

目的 评价表面麻醉在白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术中的麻醉效果。方法 采用表面麻醉的方法超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术26例（26眼）。记录患者在接受表麻、作巩膜隧道、超声乳化术中、虹膜周切、术后这5个阶段的患者感觉,同时记录术中是否有眼睑挤压、眼球转动及其配合程度。结果 26例患者中麻醉时无痛和轻微疼痛者为26例（100％）;中等程度疼痛者于超声乳化术中占1例,虹膜周切时占2例,术后占1例,且都能忍受;重度疼痛者无,88．5％患者能很好地配合手术,术中无麻醉引起的并发症发生。结论 该麻醉方法适用于白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,不仅避免了球后或球周麻醉的诸多并发症而且使手术变得更加简单、安全。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障疗效观察

目的:探讨高度近视白内障表面麻醉下晶状体超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法:回顾性病例系列研究,对60例88眼高度近视白内障采用表面麻醉透明角膜切口晶状体超声乳化折叠人工晶状体植入术后随访1～3mo。结果:患者88眼均顺利完成手术植入丙烯酸酯折叠人工晶状体,植入球面人工晶状体46眼,非球面晶状体39眼,多焦晶状体3眼。度数范围:-6.00～+13.00D。术后视力均有不同程度提高,其中矫正视力≥0.5者54眼(61%),≥0.3者73眼(83%),≥0.05者83眼(94%)。术中术后无严重并发症发生。结论:对高度近视白内障采用表面麻醉下透明角膜切口晶状体超声乳化折叠式人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的,是这一高危人群的理想术式。     

Subjective visual experience and pain level during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation under topical anesthesia

PURPOSE: To investigate the subjective visual experiences and pain during the phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation under topical anesthesia, and whether these parameters change according to the stage of phacoemulsification cataract surgery. METHODS: Forty eyes of 40 patients with cataract undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia were included in this study. The patients were told that they would be asked about their visual experiences and pain level, if any, during every stage of the surgery. As for degree of the pain, a 5-grade scale was used. The surgery was divided into 9 stages, i.e., clear corneal incision, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, side-port incisions at 3 and 9 o'clock positions, hydrodissection, nuclear rotation, phacoemulsification, bimanual irrigation and aspiration, IOL implantation, apposition of corneal incisions with stromal hydration. RESULTS: All subjects (100%) reported that they had seen some kind of light during the operation. Thirty-eight patients (95%) said that they had seen one or more colors. In 32 patients (80%), the light intensity decreased, and colors blurred significantly following the hydrodissection. As for the pain level during surgery, the overall pain score was found to be 0.40. The highest mean pain score was noted during IOL implantation stage followed by phacoemulsification and bimanual irrigation-aspiration. CONCLUSION: Topical anesthesia is both a safe and effective method for small-incision clear corneal phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Patients may experience visual sensations, and the pain felt during the operation is low and tolerable. Visual experiences and pain level may change according to the stage of phacoemulsification cataract surgery.     

Cataract surgery under topical anesthesia in patients with coexisting glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare levels of patient discomfort and complications during phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) under topical lidocaine hydrochloride in patients with and without various forms of chronic open-angle and chronic angle-closure glaucoma. SETTING: Two university eye centers in Germany. METHODS: This prospective nonrandomized comparative study comprised 176 eyes of 176 patients with various forms of chronic open-angle glaucoma and chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Eyes with cataract and without a glaucoma diagnosis or history of intraocular surgery served as a control group (n = 212). All patients received a minimum of 5 doses (2 drops per dose) of topical lidocaine hydrochloride 2% before standard temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation. No intracameral anesthetic injection was given, and no systemic sedatives were used. The main outcome measures were the number of complications and adverse events. RESULTS: The intraoperative complication rate in all patients (n = 388) was capsule tear, 1.3%; zonule tear, 1.8%; vitreous loss, 1.0%; iris prolapse, 0.8%. No statistically significant differences in intraoperative or early postoperative complications were found between the glaucoma and control groups. The mean pain scores of patients were 0.38 +/- 1.1 (SD) in the glaucoma group and 0.36 +/- 0.8 in the control group (P =.21) Patient preference for cataract surgery under topical anesthesia was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery-related complications and patient discomfort were similar in patients with and without glaucoma who had phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia. These results indicate that topical anesthesia is safe for routine phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation in patients with glaucoma and does not compromise patient comfort.     

表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术患者视觉感受特点分析

目的探讨表面麻醉状态下行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的患者术中视觉感受的特点。方法选取2010年6月至12月因老年性白内障行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的患者90例(90眼),术前及术后0.5h内由同一名医师进行视觉感受问卷调查。结果 79眼(87.8%)在整个手术过程中至少能感受到光的存在,11眼(12.2%)术中无光感。41眼(45.6%)可以看到手术过程中移动的物体。白光(55.6%)、红光(42.2%)、黄光(35·6%)、蓝光(28.8%)和绿光(10.0%)是手术过程中患者感受到的常见颜色光。25例(27.8%)患者术中感到恐惧,19例(21·1%)患者术中感到疼痛,手术满意率为91.1%(82例)。结论表面麻醉下行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术时,大多数患者术中可以感受到光的存在。对患者术中视觉感受的了解可以帮助患者降低手术过程中的恐惧感。     

Visual sensation during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation using topical and regional anesthesia

PURPOSE: To evaluate patients' visual sensations at different stages of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation under topical and regional anesthesia. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, United Christian Hospital and Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. METHODS: Seventy-six consecutive patients having phacoemulsification were randomized to a topical anesthesia group (n = 35) or regional anesthesia group (n = 41). The topical anesthesia group received lidocaine hydrochloride 2% gel (Xylocaine) and the regional anesthesia group, a peribulbar or retrobulbar injection of lignocaine 2%. The patients' visual sensations, including light and color sensations, shape of objects, and visual patterns, were evaluated at different stages of surgery. RESULTS: Two patients (4.9%) in the regional anesthesia group and none in the topical anesthesia group experienced total loss of light sensation throughout surgery (P =.50). There was a significant association between color perception and the type of anesthesia at stages 1 and 2 (P<.05) but not at stages 3, 4, and 5 (P>.05). The perception of objects and visual patterns had no association with the type of anesthesia at any stage (P>.05). Of all patients in the study, 56 (73.7%) reported color changes as surgery proceeded. Both groups saw waves, defined as curves with periodic fluctuations in amplitude, at all stages. The perception of some colors and a rectangular moving object was significantly associated with the type of anesthesia at some or all stages (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients having phacoemulsification and PC IOL implantation under topical or regional anesthesia had a wide spectrum of visual sensations that were similar at most stages of surgery. Patients in the topical anesthesia group perceived more colors at the early stages and more blue throughout surgery than patients in the regional anesthesia group.