口服谷氨酰胺颗粒对烧创伤患者的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察口服谷氨酰胺(Gln)颗粒对烧(创)伤及大手术患者的疗效及可能发生的不良反应.方法采用随机双盲、安慰剂对照法,将受试患者分为Gln组和对照组,每组60例,两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持.Gln组口服或管饲Gln 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1,对照组使用同等剂量的安慰剂甘氨酸,疗程均为7 d.比较用药前后两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能、蛋白代谢、免疫功能、肝和肾功能的变化及不良反应等. 结果伤后两组患者血浆Gln浓度明显低于正常值,而血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、内毒素含量、肠黏膜通透性[尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)]及尿氮排量均明显增高;但Gln组用药7 d后血浆Gln浓度与用药前比较增加38.04%(P＜0.01).Gln组血浆前白蛋白、转铁蛋白及白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),升幅分别为21.19%、51.11%、57.54%.血浆DAO活性、L/M比值、内毒素含量及尿氮排量明显低于对照组,降幅分别为47.26%、52.18%、22.22%、27.78%(P＜0.05或0.01).两组患者的血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿常规及肝、肾功能在用约前后变化不明显(P＞0.05).用药后有少数患者出现轻微不良反应如恶心、腹泻和便秘等,2～3 d后自行缓解,两组间比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论口服Gln能显著提高患者血浆Gln浓度,明显减轻伤后肠黏膜受损程度,并能促进机体蛋白合成,降低蛋白分解,提高机体免疫功能,且临床应用无明显不良反应.     

术前评估及手术策略对腹腔镜再次胆道手术安全性的影响

目的 探讨术前评估及手术策略对腹腔镜再次胆道手术安全性的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院肝胆外科2015年1月到2021年1月,75例腹腔镜再次胆道手术病人的临床资料.结果 75例再次胆道手术,男28例,女47例,平均年龄59.4±14.2岁.肝功能Child-pugh评级:A级68例,B级4例,C级3例.两次胆道手术62例...     

术前口服碳水化合物对ERCP患者围手术期的影响研究

目的评价术前口服碳水化合物对经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)手术患者的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾性分析2019年3月至2019年8月接受ERCP手术治疗的各类胆道疾病患者的临床资料。根据围术期饮食管理理念的不同分为对照组(n＝63)和ERAS组(n＝69)。对照组术前禁食、禁水6 h;ERAS组术前2 h给予麦芽糊精果糖饮品400 ml。运用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据分析,术后疲劳程度评分、腹痛评分、术后18 h血清学指标以( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症比较采用χ²检验,Fisher确切概率法进行校正,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果ERAS组患者的术后疲劳程度评分(2.4±1.6)、术后18 h血糖(5.3±1.5) mmol/L、术后住院时间(26.6±5.0) h及住院费用(2.1±0.2)万元均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后腹痛评分、术后并发症发生率、术后18 h血清淀粉酶及白细胞水平等,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论术前口服碳水化合物有利于缓解ERCP患者的围术期疲劳及饥饿感,降低患者胰岛素抵抗,加速术后康复,缩短住院时间,减少住院费用。相较于传统围手术期管理理念,更为安全有效。     

肝癌肝叶切除患者术前口服碳水化合物联合术后早期进食效果观察

目的 减轻原发性肝癌肝叶切除术患者手术炎性应激反应,促进康复.方法 将174例原发性肝癌行肝叶切除术患者随机分为两组各87例.对照组行常规围术期饮食管理;观察组优化饮食管理方案,即术前口服碳水化合物,术后采取早期梯度递增法依次给予温开水、营养制剂、清流质、半流质、软食、普食进食方案.结果 对照组82例、观察组86例完成研究进入数据分析.术后观察组C反应蛋白、IL-6值显著低于对照组(均P＜0.05),首次经肛门排气时间、术后住院时间显著早于和少于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);两组均未发生误吸.结论 术前口服碳水化合物联合术后早期进食方案可降低肝癌肝叶切除患者术后炎性应激反应水平,促进术后康复.     

射频消融治疗大肝癌的安全性和近期疗效

目的：探讨射频消融（RFA）治疗大肝癌的安全性和疗效。方法：采用可扩张的集束电极对不能耐受或无法手术切除的大肝癌患者进行RFA治疗。本组共治疗大肝癌患者43例，肿瘤直径5－10cm，平均7．5cm，其中8例于RFA治疗时间、次数和住院时间，RFA治疗后的并发症以及肿瘤完全坏死率，并随访患者的生存情况。结果：43例患者共行RFA治疗67次，每例1－3次，平均1．6次；每次治疗时间为55－150min，平均75min；住院时间3－15d，平均8．7d。RFA治疗的主要并发症包括电极板局部皮肤烧伤2例（4．7％），中到大量的胸腔积液3例（7．0％），总的发生率为11．6％；RFA治疗后6个月以上的CT复查，肿瘤完全坏死率为41．0％，AFP阳性的31例患者在RFA治疗后6－12个月内有3例转阴，5例明显下降。43例中有39例经12－18个月的随访，其1年生存率为69．2％。结论：RFA对大肝癌的治疗是一种微创、安全有效的方法。     

索拉菲尼治疗晚期肝癌的疗效与安全性评价

目的系统评价索拉菲尼治疗晚期肝癌的疗效与安全性。方法在Pubmed、Embase、Science Citation Index（SCI）及Cochrane4个数据库中自由检索所有有关索拉菲尼治疗晚期肝癌的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期临床试验;依据拟定的纳入及排除标准筛选研究,提取资料并进行文献质量评价。Meta分析采用REVMAN5．2,证据质量分级推荐采用GRADE3．6版,该系统将证据质量分为极低级别证据、低级别证据、中级证据、高级别证据。结果共纳入5篇研究,4篇随机对照试验,1篇非随机对照临床试验。Meta分析结果显示：索拉菲尼治疗组相比于对照组能够延长晚期肝癌患者的生存期及肿瘤进展时间,提高疾病控制率（P〈0．05）;索拉菲尼治疗组的手足皮肤反应、脱发／皮疹、高血压、腹泻等不良反应发生率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论索拉菲尼能够延长晚期肝癌患者的生存期及肿瘤进展时间,提高疾病控制率;但尚不能证实索拉菲尼能改善此类患者的肿瘤反应率。     

提高肝癌手术的远期疗效

提高肝癌手术的远期疗效陈汉，吴孟超（第二军医大学长海医院东方肝胆外科研究所上海２００４３３）我国原发性肝癌的特点是８０％的病人伴有肝硬变，多数肿瘤包括小肿瘤的切除标本经病理检查常证实有门静脉瘤栓，因此在一定程度上限制了肝切除的范围，术后容易造成肝癌的...     

腹腔镜手术治疗进展期胃癌的近远期疗效及安全性评估

分析腹腔镜手术治疗进展期胃癌的近远期疗效及安全性。选取2012年8月—2014年8月收治的80例进展期胃癌患者,按照手术方式不同分为腹腔镜组与开腹组,每组各40例,对比两组患者手术指标、术后并发症发生率、中位随访期、无病生存率及总生存率。腹腔镜组较开腹组相比手术时间延长、术中出血量减少,术后首次排气时间、术后镇痛药使用时间及术后住院时间均缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。开腹组与腹腔镜组相比发热、感染、反流性胃炎、肠梗阻、胃排空障碍等并发症发生率均无明显差异(P>0.05)。开腹组与腹腔镜组相比中位随访期、无病生存率及总生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采用腹腔镜手术治疗进展期胃癌具有临床优势,近远期疗效较好,安全性较高,值得推广。     

术前口服不同容量碳水化合物对腹腔镜妇科手术患者胃液量的影响

目的 比较术前2 h口服不同容量碳水化合物(CHO)对腹腔镜妇科手术患者胃液量的影响。方法 选择全身麻醉下行腹腔镜妇科手术患者120例,年龄18～55岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为四组：常规禁饮组(对照组)、口服CHO 200 ml组(C200组)、口服CHO 300 ml组(C300组)和口服CHO 400 ml组(C400组),每组30例。对照组常规禁饮,C200组、C300组和C400组术前2 h分别口服CHO 200、300、400 ml。入手术室后,超声测量平卧位、右侧卧位胃窦部横截面积并行Perlas等级评分。常规全麻诱导插入I-gel喉罩后置入多孔鼻胃管抽吸胃液,测定胃液量。记录口服CHO前、口服CHO 2 h后的口渴及饥饿VAS评分、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI-Y)评分。结果 与对照组比较,C400组胃液量明显增多(P<0.05)。与C400组比较,对照组和C200组Perlas 2级比例明显降低(P<0.05)。对照组、C200组和C300组Perlas分级比例差异无统计学意义。与口服CHO...     

术前口服咪唑安定和氯胺酮用于小儿心脏手术的临床观察

<正> 理想的小儿术前用药应是便于给予、容易接受、作用快、副作用小。但是多年来常规的小儿术前用药几乎都需要肌肉注射,很难被2岁～6岁的小儿接受。本文观察60例小儿心脏外科手术术前口服咪唑安定氯胺酮混合液,效果满意,现报道如下。     

Pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading in colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: Surgery induces a catabolic response with stress hormone release and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pre-operative carbohydrate administration on grip strength, gastrointestinal function and hospital stay following elective colorectal surgery. METHODS: Thirty-six patients undergoing elective colonic resection were randomized into one of three groups. Group 1 were fasted; Group 2 were given pre-operative oral water, Group 3 received equivalent volumes of a Maltodextrin drink. Time to first flatus, first bowel movement and hospital stay were recorded. Muscle strength was measured pre-operatively, and on alternate days thereafter until discharge using a grip strength dynamometer. RESULTS: Patients in the carbohydrate group had a median postoperative hospital stay of 7.5 days compared with 13 days in the water group (P > 0.01) and 10 days in the fasted group (P = 0.06). The median time postsurgery to first flatus was 3 days for both the fasted and water groups compared with 1.5 days in the carbohydrate group (P = 0.13). First bowel movement occurred on day 3 in the carbohydrate group, day 4 in the fasting group and day 5 in the water group. The fasted group showed a significant reduction in postoperative grip strength (P < 0.05) with a median drop of 10% at discharge. Neither the water nor the carbohydrate groups showed significant reductions in muscle strength. CONCLUSION: We found that pre-operative administration of oral carbohydrate leads to a significantly reduced postoperative hospital stay, and a trend towards earlier return of gut function when compared with fasting or supplementary water.     

The influence of preoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative outcomes in bariatric surgery patients: a randomized,controlled trial

BackgroundPreoperative carbohydrate loading is a component of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, but there is limited literature in bariatric surgery patients.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to characterize the impact of preoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative bariatric surgery outcomes.SettingUniversity Hospital.MethodsPatients undergoing a primary minimally invasive Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) between 2018 and 2020 were randomized to standard management or intervention. Standard management patients were nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight prior to surgery. Intervention patients consumed 2 carbohydrate drinks: 1 the night before and another 3 hours prior to surgery. Primary outcomes analyzed included postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), length of stay, and overall complications.ResultsIn total, 134 patients were analyzed: 64 intervention (47.8%) and 70 (52.2%) standard. In the end, 7% and 15% of patients were lost to follow-up at 6-weeks and 3-months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in length of stay (2.0 ± 1.2 vs 2.1 ± .9 d; P = .65) or postoperative outcomes between the 2 groups. There were no episodes of aspiration among the intervention group. Among RYGB patients, intervention patients had a shorter duration of nausea compared with standard patients. There was no significant difference in glycemic control among patients with and without diabetes.ConclusionsPreoperative carbohydrate drinks can be administered to bariatric surgery patients without significant risks. Carbohydrate loading preoperatively can decrease the duration of PONV in RYGB patients. Carbohydrate drinks can be safely included in bariatric ERAS protocols for patients with and without diabetes, although the benefits remain unknown.     

The safety and effectiveness of liver resection for breast cancer liver metastases: A systematic review

Breast cancer liver metastases have traditionally been considered incurable and any treatment given therefore palliative. Liver resections for breast cancer metastases are being performed, despite there being no robust evidence for which patients benefit. This review aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of liver resection for breast cancer metastases.A systematic literature review was performed and resulted in 33 papers being assembled for analysis. All papers were case series and data extracted was heterogeneous so a meta-analysis was not possible. Safety outcomes were mortality and morbidity (in hospital and 30-day). Effectiveness outcomes were local recurrence, re-hepatectomy, survival (months), 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- year overall survival rate (%), disease free survival (months) and 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- year disease free survival rate (%). Overall median figures were calculated using unweighted median data given in each paper.Results demonstrated that mortality was low across all studies with a median of 0% and a maximum of 5.9%. The median morbidity rate was 15%. Overall survival was a median of 35.1 months and a median 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival of 84.55%, 71.4%, 52.85% and 33% respectively. Median disease free survival was 21.5 months with a 3- and 5-year median disease free survival of 36% and 18%.Whilst the results demonstrate seemingly satisfactory levels of overall survival and disease free survival, the data are of poor quality with multiple confounding variables and small study populations. Recommendations are for extensive pilot and feasibility work with the ultimate aim of conducting a large pragmatic randomised control trial to accurately determine which patients benefit from liver resection for breast cancer liver metastases.     

Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate administration combined with postoperative early oral intake in elderly patients undergoing hepatectomy with acute-phase inflammation and subjective symptom burden: A prospective randomized controlled study

BackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has received increasing attention. Preoperative oral carbohydrate and postoperative early oral feeding (POC-PEOF) as the basic nutrition administration in the ERAS program suffers from low adherence. The role and benefits of administering POC-PEOF in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unclear. Therefore, the randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of POC-PEOF in elderly patients with HCC undergoing hepatectomy with inflammation and patient self-reported symptom burden compared with the corresponding outcomes of traditional fasting protocols.MethodsElderly patients with HCC (n = 126) were randomly assigned to two groups using the sealed envelope technique. Sixty-three patients were included in the intervention (POC-PEOF) group and received POC-PEOF administration, whereas the 63 patients in the control (FAST) group underwent conventional fasting. Acute-phase inflammation markers, patient self-reported symptom burdens, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe average age was 69.60 ± 5.00 years in the POC-PEOF group and 70.44 ± 6.15 years in the FAST group. Compared to prolonged fasting, POC-PEOF achieved significant positive results, including lower overall levels of inflammatory response mediators (CRP, IL-6) on postoperative day (POD) 1, POD 3, and POD 5 (P < 0.05), lower patient self-reported symptom burdens of thirst, hunger, anxiety and nausea (P < 0.05), faster gastrointestinal function return with shortened times to first flatus and first defecation (48.31 ± 13.24 h vs. 96.26 ± 23.12 h and 72.87 ± 21.12 h vs. 144.34 ± 23.31 h, and P = 0.034 and P = 0.013, respectively). Furthermore, the average postoperative hospitalization duration in the POC-PEOF group was shorter than that in the FAST group (6.93 ± 0.98 d vs. 8.12 ± 1.15 d, P = 0.042). There was no significant difference of total complications between the groups (25.39 % vs 36.51 %, RR 0.696, 95 % CI 0.408–0.187, P = 0.177).ConclusionPOC-PEOF helps lessen acute-phase inflammation and relieves the subjective symptom burden, which can ensure better positive postoperative outcomes in elderly HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy.     

Serum metabolic effects of corn oligopeptides with 7-day supplementation on early post-surgery primary liver cancer patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLiver cancer as the main leading cancer has caused heavy burdens globally. The prognosis of liver cancer is closely related with postoperative nutrition support. Corn oligopeptides (COPs) are protein hydrolysates produced by enzymatic treatments, which have shown potential bioactivities, such as inhibiting angiotensin I-converting enzyme, resisting lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant. However, the correlation between COPs and liver cancer patients is still unknown and the potential mechanism of COPs on liver cancer is unclear as well. The aim of this study was to assess effects of 7-day intervention of COPs after surgery on liver function and serum metabolic profiles of liver cancer patients.MethodsPatients were assigned into COPs intervention group (n=50) and control group (n=91) for 7 days. Investigations were scheduled at 1^st day and 7^th day after liver resection surgery respectively, mainly including anthropometric, biochemical indexes and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis.ResultsSeven-day supplementation of COPs on early post-surgery liver cancer patients down-regulated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and up-regulated prothrombin time activity and prealbumin levels. LC/MS analysis revealed metabolic signatures including regulation of 16 metabolites, which was closely related with two metabolic pathways (nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism).ConclusionsCOPs supplementation has displayed the potentials on alleviating the injury of liver function and it may be due to regulation of fatty acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory action. More researches are warranted in future to confirm the exact mechanisms.     

术前应用帕瑞昔布钠对乳腺癌患者术后疼痛的影响

目的观察术前应用帕瑞昔布钠对乳腺癌患者术后疼痛的影响。方法乳腺癌择期手术患者62例随机分为观察组和对照组各31例。所有患者均采用静脉麻醉,观察组于术前30 min给予帕瑞昔布钠40 mg静注;对照组于手术结束后给予帕瑞昔布钠40 mg静注。比较2组术后12、24、48 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后24 h内吗啡使用情况、手术时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组术后12、24、48 h VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24 h内观察组使用吗啡量平均为(11.8±1.3)mg,低于对照组使用吗啡量的(30.6±5.8)mg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组手术时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组均无肾功能损害。结论术前应用帕瑞昔布钠较术后应用更能有效缓解术后疼痛,且不影响患者苏醒,能减少不良反应。     

原发性肝癌分期探讨

目的 探讨原发性肝癌新临床分期的可行性。方法 1990年1月至1998年12月经手术治疗原发性肝癌1038例，将其中肝叶切除具有完整病理学资料的504例分别按国际抗癌联盟的TNM分期及中国抗癌协会1999年新的临床分期进行统计学分析，比较各期的生存率。结果 按TNM分期各期病例数分别为I期24例（4．8％），Ⅱ期66例（13．1％），Ⅲ期385例（76．4％），Ⅳa期29例（5．8％）；5年生存率分别为79．2％，62．1％，32．2％及0。按新临床分期Ⅰa期27例（5．4％）、Ⅰb期81例（16．1％）、Ⅱa期224例（44．4％）、Ⅱb期141例（27．9％）、Ⅲa期31例（6．2％）；各期5年生存率分别为70．3％、53．1％、40．2％、22．7％及0。结论 新分期与TNM分期在选择治疗方法，估计预后方面作用相同，且新分期较TNM分期更有利于临床应用，值得推广。