鼻腔结外Rosai-Dorfman病2例及文献复习

目的探讨鼻腔结外Rosai—Dorfman病（RDD）的临床表现、病理特征及鉴别诊断。方法对2例鼻腔结外RDD采用光镜及免疫组化、特殊染色结合临床资料及文献复习,对鼻腔结外RDD进行临床病理分析。结果鼻腔结外RDD形态学有不同程度的纤维组织增生和以浆细胞为主的混合炎细胞浸润,胞质内含有淋巴细胞和浆细胞的大多角形组织细胞数量多少不一,呈簇状或散在分布。结论鼻腔结外RDD较为少见,诊断有一定难度,形态学易与鼻硬结病、Langerhans细胞组织细胞增生症、肉芽肿性炎症、纤维组织细胞瘤等相混淆,需要免疫组化和特殊染色加以鉴别。     

鼻中隔结外Rosai-Dorfman病1例

患者,男,53岁,于2008年10月11日于我院全麻行电视鼻内镜下低温冷切刀双侧鼻中隔肿物活检切除术。术中及术后病理回报为:结外Rosai-Dorfman病。术后1年再次复发于2010年3月30日再次就诊我院并在次电视鼻内镜下低温等离子鼻腔肿物切除,鼻中隔矫正术。2个月前无明显诱因出现鼻     

淋巴结外Rosai-Dorfman病临床病理观察

目的探讨淋巴结外窦组织细胞增生伴巨大淋巴结病（SHML,Rosai-Dorfman病）的病理诊断,免疫组化特点及鉴别诊断。方法对3例淋巴结外SHML患者进行HE、免疫组化染色观察,并复习相关文献。结果 3例患者男性1例,女性2例,年龄38～72岁。其中一例为多发病变,位于胸部及腹壁软组织。另两例为单发病变,分别位于右上肢软组织及右侧胫骨下段。组织学显示病变内大量组织细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润,形成染色深浅不一的结节样区域。组织细胞体积大,胞浆丰富,核呈泡状,可见小核仁,在组织细胞的胞浆内,可见淋巴细胞吞噬现象。免疫组织化学染色示该组织细胞表达S-100蛋白与CD68。结论淋巴结外SHML是一种罕见的组织细胞增生性病变,在病理诊断方面,易误诊、漏诊,明确病理组织学特点在鉴别诊断中有重要意义。     

皮肤窦性组织细胞增生症2例病理诊断并文献复习

目的探讨原发皮肤窦性组织细胞增生症的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法分析2例皮肤窦性组织细胞增生症的临床特点,并行HE和免疫组化染色观察。结果 2例病变均位于皮肤真皮层及皮下组织,单发或多发性,光镜下增生的组织细胞与浸润的淋巴细胞、浆细胞形成浅、深相间的结构特点,特征性的组织细胞体积巨大、胞质丰富,内见形态完整的淋巴细胞、浆细胞及红细胞等,组织细胞表达S-100、CD68。结论皮肤窦性组织细胞增生症是一种少见的组织细胞增生性病变,有特定的病理学特征,系统累及可能性较小,预后较好。组织学上应与Langerhans细胞组织细胞增生症、慢性炎症等病变鉴别。     

用免疫组化方法鉴别诊断鼻腔小细胞肿瘤

应用ＳＰ免疫组化方法对２５例鼻腔小圆细胞恶性肿瘤进行单（多）克隆抗体联合标记（细胞角蛋白（Ｃｙｔｏｋｅｒｔａｔｉｎ１：８０结蛋白Ｄｅｓｍｉｎ１：８０神经元特异性烯醇化酶ＮＳＥ１：８０，白细胞共同抗原ＬＣＡ１：８０，以及Ｓ－１００蛋白１：８０）除２例记呈阴性反应外，余２３例中１７例ＬＣＡ呈阳性反应，诊断为非何杰金氏恶性淋巴瘤（ＮＨＬ），Ｃｙｔｏｋｅｒａｔｉｎ弱阳性４例；Ｓ－１００弱阳性２例，其中１例     

所谓肺硬化性血管瘤2例报道并文献复习

目的探讨所谓肺硬化性血管瘤的病理组织学、免疫组织化学的表型、超微结构特征及鉴别诊断要点。方法对2例所谓肺硬化性血管瘤病理组织学及免疫组织化学进行研究,并结合文献复习。结果组织学上此瘤有4种基本构型:乳头状、实性片状、"血管瘤"样、硬化区;两种瘤细胞:一种为圆形或多边形细胞,另一种为立方形细胞。免疫组织化学:共同表达:EMA、TTF-1、AE1/AE3,不表达CD34、Ⅷ因子、CD68。结论所谓肺硬化性血管瘤在肺肿瘤中少见,组织学形态呈多样性,主要以混合型结构为主,免疫组织化学在诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要作用。     

星形母细胞瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨星形母细胞瘤的病理形态学特点、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法应用光镜观察及免疫组织化学方法对1例星形母细胞瘤进行临床病理分析,并复习文献。结果星形母细胞瘤病变常表现为特征性的乳头状结构,瘤细胞围绕在血管周围形成假菊形团结构,细胞突起短而粗;血管出现进行性的胶原化和玻璃。免疫组织化学瘤细胞GFAP,S-100,VIM,EMA反应阳性,Syn,NF反应阴性。结论星形母细胞瘤是一种罕见的胶质肿瘤,组织学起源未定,目前根据组织学特征分为低级别和高级别两组,低级别星形母细胞瘤预后好于高级别星形母细胞瘤。     

宫颈髓外浆细胞瘤临床病理分析并文献复习

目的：探讨宫颈髓外浆细胞瘤的临床病理特点及鉴别诊断。方法对1例宫颈髓外浆细胞瘤的临床表现、影像学、病理组织学变化、免疫表型及基因检测进行分析,并结合相关文献进行讨论。结果肿瘤细胞弥漫分布,主要由成熟浆细胞构成,分裂象可见。免疫组织化学染色显示肿瘤细胞CD79α、CD38、CD138和Kappa均阳性, Lambda、MUM-1、CD3、CD5、CD20和EBV均阴性。 WT1 mRNA和PRAME mRNA水平分别为0．073%和0．080%;IGH基因继裂重组阳性。结论发生于宫颈的髓外浆细胞瘤是一种非常罕见的肿瘤,其临床表现及影像学均无特征性,明确诊断主要依靠病理组织学特征、免疫表型及基因分析。     

菊池病1例并文献复习

目的：探讨菊池病的临床特征和病理学特点及诊断与治疗措施。方法回顾性分析1例菊池病患者的临床资料,并进行文献复习。结果该患者以浅表淋巴结肿大伴发热入院,其颈部淋巴结活检符合组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎,经过强的松等对症处理后体温正常,肿大淋巴结消退,强的松逐渐减量并随访3个月,无疾病复发。结论菊池病为临床少见病,患者多以发热伴浅表淋巴结肿大为首发症状,临床表现缺乏特异性,容易造成误诊误治,确诊需要依靠淋巴结活检及病理,一旦确诊,糖皮质激素为目前首选治疗药物。     

鼻腔扩容术治疗慢性鼻阻塞性疾病患者失眠的临床研究

目的 探讨鼻阻塞性疾病与失眠的关系.方法 2011年至2012年因鼻阻塞入住本院耳鼻咽喉科待手术、同时伴有失眠的患者30例,根据病人自我感觉,采用视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analogue Scale/Score,简称VAS）法,对手术前后失眠程度进行评分.结果 30例患者VAS评分手术前（4.27±1.64）分,手术后（8.30±0.95）分,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 鼻腔扩容术可改善伴鼻阻塞的失眠患者睡眠质量,在临床工作中应予以更多关注.     

Immunohistochemical localisation of six glutathione S-transferases within the nasal cavity of the rat

 Many xenobiotics induce lesions within the nasal cavity of experimental animals which are site specific. This site selectivity may be due to regional deposition within the nasal cavity and/or the localisation of biotransformation enzymes. We have developed methodology which allows immunohistochemical localisation of xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in transverse sections of the rat nasal cavity identical to those normally taken for pathological examination. We report the application of this methodology to six isoenzymes of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). All six isoenzymes were predominantly located within olfactory epithelium covering the ethmoturbinates (levels III and IV) and extending forwards into the dorsal meatus (level II). Squamous and transitional epithelia showed little or no staining while respiratory epithelium was weakly stained. Within the respiratory epithelium only the ciliated columnar cells and, to a lesser extent, some of the seromucous glands contained GSTs. Within olfactory epithelium the sustentacular cells, basal cells and subepithelial glands all stained positive for GSTs. The different cell types of olfactory epithelium preferentially express different GST isoenzymes: 1-1 and 2-2 were predominantly located in the subepithelial glands; 3-3, 4-4 and 8-8 in sustentacular and basal cells; 7-7 in basal cells. Received: 7 March 1994 / Accepted: 25 May 1994     

手术防粘连液预防小儿经鼻内镜腺样体切除术后鼻腔粘连的疗效观察

目的 探讨手术防粘连液预防小儿经鼻内镜腺样体切除术后鼻腔粘连的临床效果.方法 选择患小儿腺样体肥大,经鼻内镜腺样体切除术患儿118例,随机分为观察组63例和对照组55例,观察组术后予鼻用糖皮质激素加用手术防粘连液,对照组仅予鼻用糖皮质激素,随访6个月,比较2组术后出现鼻腔粘连的情况.结果 观察组出现鼻腔粘连2例（3.2％）,对照组出现鼻腔粘连8例（14.5％）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 手术防粘连液能有效预防小儿经鼻内镜下腺样体切除术后出现鼻腔粘连.值得临床推广应用.     

椎管内原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤临床病理观察(附2例报告)

目的探讨椎管内孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断,以期提高对该肿瘤的诊断水平。方法复习2例椎管内原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床资料,并观察其组织学特征和免疫组化标记。结果2例患者男、女各1例,年龄分别为23岁和32岁,临床表现为局部神经压迫症状。MRI示椎管内髓外硬膜内占位。组织学特征为梭形、卵圆形细胞呈束状、波浪状或旋涡状排列,富于胶原纤维及伴有分支状薄壁血管。细胞未见异型性和核分裂像。免疫组化示瘤细胞Vimentin( ),CD34( ),CD99( ),Bcl-2( ),AACT(-),Actin(-),S-100(-),EMA(-),GFAP(-),CD68(-),CD117(-),SMA(-),NF(-)。结论椎管内原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤,诊断主要依靠病理形态学及免疫组化,并应与椎管内的其他梭形细胞肿瘤鉴别。     

儿童鼻腔疾病CT扫描的剂量选择研究

目的 探讨儿童鼻腔疾病的不同剂量螺旋CT扫描技术及其临床应用价值.方法 对临床怀疑鼻腔疾病而行常规剂量(100mAs)CT检查的36例患儿,再行选定低剂量(50 mAs、30 mAs)对照CT扫描;统计各剂量组的权重CT剂量指数(CTDIw)和容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol),并对每幅图像进行质量评价和定性诊断.结果 30 mAs和50 mAs低剂量组的CTDIw和CTDIvol均明显低于常规剂量(100 mAs)组[分别为(3.53±1.43)、(6.34±2.2)mGy比(112.76±1.64)mGy,(4.17±0.81)、(8.51±1.26)mGy比(16.83±2.72)mGy,P＜0.05或P＜0.01];50 mAs剂量组扫描图像质量以良为主(61.11%),且其疾病定性诊断与常规剂量组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而30 mAs剂量组扫描图像质量和定性诊断与常规剂量组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 低剂量螺旋CT扫描儿童鼻腔疾病,完全能够代替常规剂量的螺旋CT扫描,且50 mAs低剂量即可满足临床诊断需要,并能有效降低患者的受辐射剂量.     

丝裂霉素在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中应用的体会

目的探讨丝裂霉素在鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中的应用。方法对50例56眼慢性泪囊炎患者,分为治疗组（36眼）和对照组（20眼）,鼻内镜下实施鼻腔泪囊吻合术,治疗组局部使用小剂量丝裂霉素,观察两组术后治愈率。结果治疗组治愈率94.44%,对照组治愈率60.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,χ2=5.826）。结论在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术应用丝裂霉素能够提高手术疗效,提高了患者的生活质量。     

Lenvatinib-induced renal failure: two first-time case reports and review of literature

Introduction: Lenvatinib (LEN) is a multi-kinase anti-angiogenic drug recently approved in several cancers. LEN is not easily manageable due to its complex safety profile. Proteinuria and renal failure (RF) were reported among the most frequent LEN-induced adverse events (AEs), often leading to discontinuations or dose modifications. Understanding the pathogenesis of these AEs could ameliorate the management of LEN-induced renal toxicity.

Areas covered: We present two cases of LEN-induced renal failure (LIRF) with different pathogenesis. 1) LIRF with severe proteinuria in a man treated for a metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Kidney biopsy showed a glomerular damage secondary to LEN, having excluded other causes of RF. 2) LIRF without proteinuria in a woman with metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of minor salivary gland. A tubulointerstitial nephropathy was supposed by clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Effective management was obtained by oral steroids without interrupting LEN.

Expert opinion: The case 1 presented for the first time the histological picture of LIRF with a classical glomerular damage leading to secondary proteinuria and tubular failure. Case 2 showed an alternative LIRF pattern of likely tubulointerstitial injury without proteinuria. These reports reflect two sides of the same coin, both to be considered in case of LIRF.     

Heat shock protein 70 in the rat nasal cavity: localisation and response to hyperthermia

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that are rapidly induced in response to physiological stress, including hyperthermia and exposure to toxicants. Thus they may provide a useful index of toxicity in in vitro systems for screening for toxicity. We have recently developed a rat nasal explant system for investigating upper respiratory tract toxicity, and the aims of this study were to localise HSP70 within the rat nasal cavity and to characterise its response to hyperthermia. Constitutively, HSP70 was found to be predominantly localised to the sustentacular cells, basal cells and Bowmans glands of the olfactory epithelium (OE), with the most intense immunohistochemical staining at levels 3 and 4 of the posterior of the rat nasal cavity. Ethmoturbinates (ETs) and liver slices were exposed to heat shock (37° and 43°C, respectively) for 45 min and then returned to normal culture temperatures (31° and 37°C, respectively) for 24 h. In ETs, HSP72 was maximally induced 4-fold at 4 h after heat shock, and levels then returned to those of control tissue. ATP concentrations were markedly decreased up to 4 h after heat shock and then returned to control levels. In contrast, HSP72 levels in liver slices increased and ATP levels decreased steadily throughout the 24 h culture period. ETs were also able to withstand a 45-min heat shock at 43°C, that is 12°C above normal culture temperature. Incubation of ETs with cycloheximide prior to heat shock reduced the ability of the OE to recover from heat shock at 37°C. Thus the OE of the rat nasal cavity expresses HSP72, and this protein appears to play an important role in the ability of the tissue to withstand hyperthermia.