I型胶原基因与近视关系的研究进展

目前近视的发生率很高,但发病机制不清.实验性近视眼和人类近视眼研究发现,I型胶原基因变化与近视发生、发展关系密切,本文就I型胶原基因的表达调控及其与近视的关系作一综述.     

Ⅰ型胶原基因与近视关系的研究进展

目前近视的发生率很高,但发病机制不清.实验性近视眼和人类近视眼研究发现,I型胶原基因变化与近视发生、发展关系密切,本文就Ⅰ型胶原基因的表达调控及其与近视的关系作一综述.     

眼压与近视关系的研究进展

近视的发生和发展机制至今尚未明确.眼压与近视发生发展、近视与青光眼的关系一直以来受到关注,并有不少临床和基础研究.文中就近视眼与眼压、近视眼与青光眼相互关系的研究和观点进行综述.     

近视眼与血清单胺类神经递质的相关性研究

近视眼的防治是一个全球性的医学难题。据 1995年的统计表明[1] ,我国约有 3亿近视眼患者 ,占全世界近视患者总数的 33%。近视眼的病因及发病机制不明 ,迄今为止 ,尚无有效治疗手段[1] 。大量的实验研究表明[2 ,3 ] ,视网膜神经递质多巴胺、血管活性肠肽、阿托品及一氧化氮等与实验性形觉剥夺性近视的发生和发展密切相关。但未见近视眼形成是否与神经递质有关的报道。本研究旨在探讨近视眼患者的血清单胺类神经递质的变化 ,从临床角度探讨近视的发病机制。1 资料和方法 :(1)对象 :选择福州市第一中学患有单纯性近视眼的学生 2 8例作为实验组…     

弘扬中医上医医国思想，健全我国近视防治体系

改革开放以来，随着市场经济的发展，我国文教卫生事业各方面都取得了显著进步。然而，我国学生近视眼患病率一直持续升高或居高不下。目前，全国大、中学生近视率达70％～80％，山东等地的大、中学生近视率接近90％。近视眼成为危害我国青少年儿童健康的最突出问题。     

离焦性近视发病机制的研究进展

近视眼发生的机制尚未完全明了.离焦性近视与人类近视眼有较多相似之处,其生理机制与人类近视原型更接近,因此对离焦性近视发病机制的研究将有助于对人类近视眼的认识.目前关于离焦性近视发病机制方面的研究已取得一些进展,揭示了其与形觉剥夺性近视的异同,形态学及超微结构的改变,调节因素、局部视网膜机制、视网膜神经介质、基因表达在其发病机制中的作用等.     

重视高度近视研究

近视已经成为全球范围内威胁人类健康的主要问题, 高度近视所产生的并发症是导致低视力和盲的主要原因之一。作为临床和公共卫生领域中严重威胁眼健康的慢性疾病, 高度近视的防控应积极采取三级预防策略, 同时积极采用最新的眼底影像学技术和大数据、人工智能等方法加强"近视→高度近视→病理性近视"发生机制和演变规律的探究, 建立科学的近视预测模型, 精准开展高度近视眼健康监测和管理, 早期发现和治疗高度近视并发症, 降低低视力和盲的发生率。     

《国际近视研究院近视防控白皮书Ⅲ》解读

目前, 近视的高发生率是全球范围内共同面临的公共卫生问题, 近视相关并发症的发生风险日益凸显。国际近视研究院(IMI)于2015年成立, 旨在推动近视防控领域的科学研究和临床实践, 且已陆续发表了近视诊疗和管理的近视防控白皮书。IMI于2023年发布了第3系列近视防控白皮书, 进一步加深和拓展了近视研究和管理的关键问题, 重点介绍了轴性近视眼的非病理性眼组织变化及脉络膜在眼球生长发育和近视防控管理中的作用, 深入研究了不太典型人群(婴幼儿和青年成人)中近视的发病、进展和管理证据, 调查报告了临床实践中近视管理的建议和策略, 总结了自2019年以来近视研究中重要的新发现, 并将其整合为IMI 2023文摘。本文对IMI第3系列近视防控白皮书的重点内容进行解读, 帮助与近视防控相关的专业工作者了解国际相关研究提供的最新证据并优化近视相关疾病的防治策略, 推动我国近视防控研究和管理工作的发展。     

近视眼配镜矫治的方法与发展

近视眼的发病率在不断增加,越来越影响人们的生活和工作质量,而近视的矫治一直是眼科界的热门研究话题。配戴眼镜是目前最安全、最普通的近视矫治方式,我们就配镜矫治近视的方法与发展作一综述。     

近视发生发展影响因素的研究进展

近视是导致视力低常及致盲的主要眼病之一,近视眼问题已成为全球卫生问题,在我国这一问题尤为严峻。为对其发病进行更好的控制,探索研究近视发生发展的规律及其影响因素,已成为眼科工作中十分重要的问题。本文对影响近视发生发展的各种因素进行综述。     

Instrument for initiating the corneal intrastromal channel for the insertion of Intacs

Surgical experience with Intacs implantation since 1995 has resulted in modifications of the surgical technique that simplify the procedure. We describe the Rosen propeller, an instrument designed to facilitate initiation of the intrastromal channels and enhance the ease of inserting the channel dissector. Its main advantage is that it enables the surgeon to achieve parallel-depth channels with greater accuracy than in previous methods and with minimal manipulation of the globe. The propeller technique provided an effective, accurate, and safe method of improving the Intacs procedure in 50 eyes.     

Prospects for using the Mullerectomy for correcting ptosis of the upper eyelid

New anatomic topographic and clinical validation of mullerectomy is presented and more comprehensive evaluation of preoperative adrenergic drug test is suggested. Morphological substantiation of an isolated resection of the superior tarsal muscle (Müller muscle) and orbital conjunctiva of the upper eyelid with subsequent fixation of the proximal part of Müller muscle to the tarsal plate is presented. The results of surgical treatment of 51 patients evidence high reliability, functional and cosmetic efficiency of mullerectomy which does not involve a skin incision, and a low incidence of complications (mean period of observation 35 months).     

Clinical prediction of the need for interventions for the control of myopia

The prevalence of myopia is increasing in Western populations but in East Asian countries, it is increasing to epidemic levels, where there are also markedly increased rates of progression to pathological myopia. Measures to more effectively control the development and progression of myopia are urgently needed. Notwithstanding a large volume of research, especially regarding the different mechanisms for the development of myopia and the efficacy of particular methods of intervention, there is still a great need and scope for improvements in clinical efforts to prevent and/or control myopic progression. Too often clinical efforts may involve only one method of intervention; however, the heterogenous nature of myopia suggests that clinical intervention may be more successful when interventions are employed in combination. The decision to prescribe interventions for the control of myopia in children, especially prior to onset, may be better framed by a comprehensive estimation of the degree of risk for the development and/or progression of myopia. For example, rather than ascribing equal weight to any degree of parental myopia, more accurate estimates may be obtained, if risk is judged to increase with the degree of parental myopia and the extent of any associated degenerative pathology. Risk estimates may be limited to broad mild, moderate and severe classifications due to lack of accurate weighting of risk factors. Nevertheless, comprehensive assessment of risk factors appears likely to better inform a prognosis and discussions with parents. Consideration of numerous environmental influences, for example, such as continuity and intensity of near work and time spent outdoors, may contribute to better risk estimation. Family‐based practice appears to be ideally suited for risk estimation and the clinical application of approaches to control myopia. A proactive approach to estimating risk of developing myopia prior to its onset may be beneficial. Earlier implementation of interventions to control myopia could significantly reduce the chance of progression to pathological myopia.