椎体成型术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折33例分析

随着人口的老龄化,老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者明显增多,椎体骨折常导致严重腰背部疼痛及脊柱后凸畸形,影响老年患者生活自理能力。经皮椎体成型术(PVP)和后凸成型术(PKP)是近年来治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的微创治疗新技术,已被成功应用于临床,取得了显著疗效。2007年3月-2011年6月,我们共完成33例(51个椎体)椎体成型手术,疗效满意。现分析报告如下。     

椎体成形填充材料的研究进展

随着老年人群的增加,骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者逐渐增多.骨质疏松性椎体骨折可导致患者胸腰背疼痛、脊柱后凸畸形和活动减少,影响患者的呼吸、消化功能,降低生活质量.     

单侧注射椎体成形术治疗多节段老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨单侧注射椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效和安全性。方法单侧注射椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折25例,男8例20个伤椎,女17例46个伤椎。年龄64～83岁。骨折部位T8～L3。结果 25例患者均手术顺利。术后19例疼痛缓解,6例疼痛明显减轻,有腰背部酸胀感,经对症治疗1周后缓解。结论单侧注射椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效可靠、安全,手术创伤较小,费用少。     

微创治疗陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨应用微创球囊扩张椎体成形术(PKP)治疗陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的可行性. 方法 2007年2月-2009年2月收治以胸背或者腰背部疼痛为主并且无明显神经损伤的老年陈旧性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折27例,其中男11例,女16例;年龄55～86岁,平均72.4岁.病史3～17个月,平均7.6个月.其中单阶段病变25例,双阶段病变2例.Genant二级10例,11个椎体;Genant三级17例,18个椎体.术前模拟视觉疼痛评分(VAS)平均8.3分,X线测量椎体前高与后高比平均为39%,脊柱后凸角测量平均27.60°.所有患者均在局部麻醉下行PKP治疗. 结果 术后所有患者疼痛消失或明显减轻,第3或4天能够下地活动.平均随访11.2个月,所有患者疼痛无反复,心肺功能有明显改善,无严重并发症发生;术后VAS平均2.8分,X线测量椎体前高与后高比平均为47.6%,脊柱后凸角测量术后平均15.60°. 结论应用微创PKP治疗以疼痛为主且不伴有神经损伤的老年陈旧性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折能够尽快去除疼痛,尽快使患者下床活动,减少长期卧床的并发症,改善心肺功能.     

经椎弓根植入生物人工材料骨诱导人工骨加内固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折

目的 探讨经椎弓根植入生物人工材料(biological artificial material,BAM)骨诱导人工骨结合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折的临床疗效.方法 选择2005 -2010年收治的72例骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折患者.采用经椎弓根撬拨复位、BAM骨诱导人工骨植入、后路椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗.收集患者资料并进行随访,所有患者术前、术后以及随访期间行脊柱正、侧位X线片检查,测量伤椎椎体前后缘高度、胸腰段后凸Cobb角、前后椎体高度比.采用美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级评估神经功能恢复情况,视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)评估腰背部疼痛.结果 患者随访12 -28个月,平均18.3个月.患者均获骨性愈合,未发生人工骨移植物排斥反应或内固定松动断裂等并发症,椎体高度及畸形矫正度无明显丧失.除2例Frankel A级患者神经功能无恢复外,其余患者神经功能明显改善.VAS由术前(8.4±2.5)分降至末次随访时的(2.2±1.6)分,患者腰背部疼痛明显缓解.结论 经椎弓根植骨内固定术是治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折有效合理、简单易行的方法,植入的BAM骨诱导人工骨具备良好的生物学和力学性能.     

椎体内裂隙样变对椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩骨折疗效的影响

目的 研究经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗并存椎体内裂隙样变骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效,并与单纯性(不合并椎体内裂隙样变)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效进行对比,以分析椎体内裂隙样变对疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析PVP治疗95例患者、176节椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床及影像学资料.本组研究中除外多节段骨折、合并肿瘤病史、影像资料不全和术后随访不配合患者.入选43例分A、B两组,18例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折合并裂隙样变患者为A组,25例无椎体内裂隙样变患者为B组.比较两组间术前疼痛和功能障碍情况,分析两组术后1周局部疼痛缓解和功能改善情况;观察两组并发症情况.结果 A组与B组术后1周疼痛缓解及日常活动功能改善明显(P＜0.05);两组间术后1周疼痛缓解的程度和日常活动功能改善的程度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组间骨水泥外漏发生率相似(P＞0.05),但两组间骨水泥外漏类型分布有差异(P＜0.05).结论 PVP是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法;椎体内裂隙样变对PVP的止痛疗效、功能改善与骨水泥外漏发生率无明显影响,但对骨水泥的外漏类型有一定影响.     

仙灵骨葆治疗骨质疏松性疼痛60例临床研究

目的:研究使用仙灵骨葆治疗骨质疏松性疼痛的临床疗效。方法:采用随机对照试验设计,对60例骨质疏松性疼痛病人分组,在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组使用仙灵骨葆胶囊、乐力胶囊和鲑降钙素针剂,对照组使用乐力胶囊和鲑降钙素针剂。结果:治疗后两组均有疗效,治疗组疗效显著优于对照组。结论:仙灵骨葆胶囊对治疗骨质疏松性疼痛有良好疗效。     

骨质疏松性骨折椎体成形术后邻近椎体继发骨折的治疗

目的探讨骨质疏松性骨折椎体成形术后邻近椎体继发性骨折,再次行椎体成形术的治疗方法和效果。方法对经行椎体成形术后邻近椎体继发骨折的13例21个椎体,再次行椎体成形术,术后予以卧床、配戴支具、抗骨质疏松治疗。结果再次行椎体成形术后,所有患者均缓解疼痛明显,X片及CT片复查见所有患椎骨水泥弥散良好。再次骨折治疗术后随访1～12个月,腰背部疼痛无反复,椎体高度无继续丢失。结论骨质疏松性骨折椎体成形术后邻近椎体继发性骨折,再次采用椎体成形术是一种确切、有效的治疗方法,同时需加强对再骨折患者的抗骨质疏松治疗。     

骨愈灵胶囊治疗骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折效果分析

目的：探讨骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折采用骨愈灵胶囊治疗的临床效果。方法：本次研究选择的对象共772例,均为我院2007-04～2009-04收治的骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的患者,按治疗组420例和组对照组342例划分,在常规处理骨折后,对照组采用奶维钙片等口服治疗,治疗组采用骨愈灵胶囊口服治疗,回顾相关资料。结果：治疗组8周后骨痂形成多于对照组,骨折愈合时间显著早于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组BMD治疗前无明显差异,治疗后均有所提高,但治疗组提高幅度显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。两组均无严重不良反应。结论：骨质疏松性桡骨骨折采用骨愈灵胶囊治疗,可有效促进骨愈合,提高骨密度,显著改善患者生存质量,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折经皮球囊后凸成形术的应用临床观察

目的探讨经皮球囊后凸成形术应用于骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2012年~2013年治疗的11例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者,随访6个月至1年,观察患者的术后恢复情况。结果所有患者伤椎高度无丢失现象,疼痛感消失,脊柱活动度恢复伤前水平。结论应用经皮球囊后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折,不仅可解除或缓解疼痛症状,而且可以促使病人早下床活动,提高患者生活质量。     

99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像在绝经后女性骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体骨折中的增益价值

目的研究99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像及其半定量分析指标在绝经后女性骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体骨折中的增益价值。 方法回顾性分析2012年11月至2016年10月因轻微外伤或日常活动导致胸腰背部疼痛而就诊,最终诊断为骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的绝经后女性患者81例。选取SPECT/CT矢状位融合断层图像,利用ROI技术重复勾画病灶椎体（T）及与其相邻的正常椎体（NT）,并计算病灶椎体与正常椎体的放射性计数比值,即T/NT值。将所收集病例根据椎体是否在99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像后进行手术分成两组,一组为手术组,包括行经皮穿刺椎体成形术及椎体球囊后凸成形术的患者,另一组为非手术组。对两组T/NT值采用两独立样本t检验进行统计学分析。 结果（1）手术组共计110个椎体,T/NT值为2.44±0.84;非手术组共计70个椎体,T/NT值为1.04±0.14,两组T/NT值的差异有统计学意义（t=13.654,P < 0.05）。（2）发现椎体以外骨折,包括肋骨骨折29例、椎体附件骨折2例、骶骨骨折2例、耻骨骨折1例。 结论99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像及其半定量分析指标在指导绝经后女性骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折临床治疗方案的选择和其他部位是否有骨折的诊断中具有一定的参考价值。     

Die Ballonkyphoplastie in der Behandlung des Rückenschmerzes

BACKGROUND: Experience of just under 5 years has shown that balloon kyphoplasty can be just as successfully employed as the longer-stablished vertebroplasty for the treatment of back pain due to recent or prior osteoporotic fractures as well as new traumatic fractures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Among 345 patients with a total of 690 treated vertebral bodies, the change in pain symptomatology was analyzed for a follow-up period of 12 months in 40 study patients who underwent kyphoplasty and a control group of 20 patients. In addition, the pain experienced by a further 29 patients with new traumatic vertebral body fractures was monitored over a 12-month period. These fractures were partly managed by fixateur interne alone and by a combination of fixateur interne and kyphoplasty. RESULTS: The 40 patients treated by kyphoplasty had a baseline VAS score of 26.2+/-2.00, which increased to 44.4+/-3.11 after 12 months, while the respective scores for the control group were 33.6+/-4.21 and 34.3+/-4.35. In the 29 patients with new traumatic vertebral body fractures, the initial VAS score was 62 and after 12 months a distinct reduction of pain was noted with a score of 20 (100 = maximum pain, 0 = no pain). The number of times that the 40 patients managed by kyphoplasty had to consult their general practitioner was significantly reduced by the pain therapy. CONCLUSION: Balloon kyphoplasty verifiably improved the pain symptomatology after vertebral fracture over a period of 12 months. Comparison with the control group, which received the same osteoporosis drug therapy, confirmed the effect of this minimally invasive treatment form.     

Vertebroplasty in the treatment of back pain

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to show the utility of vertebroplasty in the treatment of some types of back pain. Vertebroplasty is a venous embolisation of the vertebral body performed under computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy guidance with transpedicular, anterolateral, intercostovertebral or posterolateral approach with acrylic cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report our experience in 85 patients suffering from low back and thoracic pain and treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty owing to osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, vertebral haemangiomas or secondary lytic lesions of the spine. Patient selection was performed on the basis of physical examination, magnetic resonance or less frequently, with bone scan. CT has a minor role in selected cases to evaluate the integrity of the posterior wall. We treated 55 patients affected by acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, 10 patients with vertebral haemangioma and 20 patients with metastatic lesions. The patients were placed in the prone position and the procedure was performed under fluoroscopy guidance in 80 patients and under CT guidance in 5 patients affected by metastatic lesions. In no cases was phlebography performed before the treatment. The approach adopted was bilateral in 45 patients and unilateral in the remaining 30 cases. Injection with a low viscosity cement was performed under fluoroscopy guidance with extreme precision in all cases. The amount of cement injected ranged from 4 ml (thoracic level) up to 12 ml (lumbar level). RESULTS: The results were better for osteoporotic cases (95%) and patients with vertebral haemangioma (90%) than with metastatic lesions (77%), with improvement within 24-72 hours after the treatment. We noted asymptomatic cement leakage in 39 cases but only in 2 cases was there an acute radiculopathy due to epidural cement leakage, which was treated and resolved medically in 1 month. At follow-up no cases were noted of fractures of vertebral bodies adjacent to the treated vertebrae. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Since the first case of vertebroplasty was used in vertebral haemangioma, the possibility of using this technique in other pathological conditions such as metastatic lesions and osteoporotic compression fractures has been clear. MR has a key role in the selection of patients while bone scan and CT can be useful in selected cases. Absolute controindication is local or systemic infection while relative controindications are epidural extension of the neoplastic lesion, vertebra plana, clinical signs of myelopathy or radiculopathy and coagulation disorders. The results of our study were better in patients treated for osteoporosis or haemangioma than in cancer patients. We consider percutaneous vertebroplasty a valid technique for the treatment of the pain due to osteoporotic compression fractures, vertebral haemangiomas or metastatic lesions.     

Cement Salvage of Instrumentation-Associated Vertebral Fractures

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Spinal instrumentation plays a key role in the treatment of spinal instability in patients with metastatic tumors. Poor bone quality, radiation, and diffuse osseous tumor involvement present significant challenges to spinal stabilization with instrumentation and occasionally result in postinstrumentation compression fractures. Vertebral cement augmentation has been effective in the treatment of painful tumor-related compression fractures. Our objective was to describe cement augmentation options in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures associated with spinal instrumentation in patients with metastatic tumors.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients who underwent percutaneous vertebral cement augmentation in the treatment of instrumentation-associated vertebral compression fractures between 2005 and 2011 were included in the analysis. Only fractures that occurred within the construct or at an adjacent level were included. The change in Visual Analog Scale and need for further surgery were analyzed.RESULTS:Eleven patients met the inclusion criteria, with 8 tumors located in the thoracic spine and 3 tumors in the lumbar spine. The median time between instrumented surgery and vertebral augmentation was 5 months (1–48 months) and the median follow-up after cement augmentation was 24 months (4–59 months). A total of 22 vertebrae that were either within or immediately adjacent to the surgical instrumentation underwent vertebral augmentation. All patients reported a decrease in their pain scores (mean decrease: 6 Visual Analog Scale points; P < .003). One patient required reoperation after cement augmentation. None of the patients experienced vertebral cement augmentation–related complications.CONCLUSIONS:Vertebral cement augmentation represents a safe and effective treatment option in patients with recurrent or progressive back pain and instrumentation-associated vertebral compression fractures.

The role of surgery in the treatment of metastatic spinal tumors has been firmly established as an effective and safe method for spinal cord decompression and stabilization of the spine. The goals of surgery for spinal metastases remain palliative and include preservation or restoration of neurologic function and pain control. Tumor control is largely accomplished using radiation and chemotherapy. In patients with metastatic spinal tumors, spinal instrumentation is required in most cases to provide spinal stability after circumferential spinal cord decompression. Spinal fixation in this patient population can be quite challenging because of extensive osteoporosis and lytic tumor destruction. Furthermore, chest wall resection may be required, further destabilizing the spine and increasing the risk of fixation failure. Prior spine radiation results in increased risk of vertebral compression fractures.^1–3 Failure of fixation may require interruption or delay of systemic or radiation therapy, increasing the risk of local or systemic tumor progression. Vertebral compression fractures either within or adjacent to the surgical construct often result in either recurrent or progressive back pain.Percutaneous vertebral cement augmentation (ie, balloon kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty) has been established as a safe and effective method of quickly achieving pain control in osteoporotic and tumor-related compression fractures.^4,5 Cement has also been used to reinforce screws at the time of insertion.^6,7 However, little information exists regarding its use as a salvage technique for instrumented patients who develop recurrent back pain secondary to new vertebral compression fractures within or adjacent to their surgical construct. We report a series of patients in whom percutaneous vertebral cement augmentation was used as an initial treatment of symptomatic instrumentation or junctional fractures in place of open hardware revision.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的：探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折采用经皮椎体成形术治疗的临床效果。方法：选择我院2009-06～2011-06收治的骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的患者40例,采用PVP治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：每个椎体平均注射骨水泥4.4 mL。骨水泥椎间盘在术中渗漏1例,术后无下肢神经损伤和血管栓塞症状发生。椎体前方腹腔渗漏1例,术后无特殊不适症状。36例患者术后第2 d即可在腰围保护下离床轻微活动,其它3～5 d陆续可离床活动。术前VAS平均得分（8.6±1.3）,术后平均为（2.1±1.0）,减异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。行平均12个月的随访,无腰背痛加重或椎体高度丢失等情况发生,X线检查椎体内骨水泥无外漏,分布均匀。结论：骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折采用经皮椎体成形术治疗,可减轻患者疼痛反映,降低并发症发生率,改善病情,减少被残率,具有非常重要的临床意义。     

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty of the Entire Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae for Vertebral Compression Fractures Related to Chronic Glucocorticosteriod Use: Case Report and Review of Literature

Glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is the most frequent of all secondary types of osteoporosis, and can increase the risk of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). There are promising additions to current medical treatment for appropriately selected osteoporotic patients. Few studies have reported on the efficiency of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or kyphoplasty for whole thoracic and lumbar glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. We report a case of a 67-year-old man with intractable pain caused by successional VCFs treated by PVP.     

高龄胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术治疗效果分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗高龄胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折的效果。方法选择65例胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折高龄患者,按手术编号随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组33例应用经皮椎体成形术治疗,对照组32例采用非手术疗法,治疗3个月后,比较两组患者疼痛视觉模拟VAS评分,伤椎前后缘高度恢复情况、Cobb’s角矫正情况,并发症发生情况。结果治疗后两组VAS评分均较前降低,且观察组较对照组更明显,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗后观察组伤椎前后缘高度、Cobb’s角改善情况明显优于对照组,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);而并发症发生情况两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗高龄胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折效果肯定。     

不同MRI影像特征的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折单侧与双侧穿刺椎体成形术的疗效比较

目的比较单侧与双侧穿刺椎体成形术在具有不同MRI影像特征的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2016年12月因骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折在陆军军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所脊柱外科行椎体成形术治疗的患者573例(共743个椎体)。根据脊柱MRI影像特点,将骨折椎体分为三组,椎体内有明显的裂隙影像或真空征象为A组(133个椎体),整个椎体均匀呈现高信号为B组(385个椎体),椎体局部呈现高信号为C组(225个椎体),分别采用单侧或双侧穿刺椎体成形术治疗。在三组内比较两种手术方式术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥弥散以及骨水泥渗漏情况。结果所有患者术后疼痛缓解明显。三组患者术前VAS评分分别为6.1±1.4、6.1±1.3、6.0±1.3,术后VAS评分分别为2.3±1.1、2.2±1.1、2.3±1.2,P=0.4847,三组间差异无统计学意义,单侧穿刺与双侧穿刺患者VAS评分分别为2.2±0.8、2.2±1.0,P0.9999,差异无统计学意义。A、B组单侧与双侧穿刺骨水泥注入量[(5.1±1.4)m L、(5.2±1.3)m L vs.(5.2±1.6)m L、(5.8±1.4)m L]差异无统计学意义,C组单侧穿刺骨水泥注入量(4.6±1.2)m L低于双侧穿刺(5.4±1.4)m L。A组单侧与双侧穿刺骨水泥弥散[(58±17)%vs.(56±12)%]差异无统计学意义,B、C组单侧穿刺弥散较双侧穿刺差[(64±16)%、(49±16)%vs.(71±14)%、(56±14)%]。骨水泥渗漏情况,三组共97个椎体有骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率为13.1%。骨水泥渗漏率的比较,A组双侧穿刺28.6%高于单侧穿刺25.0%,B组单侧穿刺11.7%与双侧穿刺11.2%差异无统计学意义,C组单侧穿刺10.8%高于双侧穿刺7.0%。结论在选择单侧穿刺或双侧穿刺时,应根据患者椎体MRI检查影像特点有根据地进行选择,可以尽量缩短手术时间,降低老年患者手术风险。对于椎体内有明显的裂隙影像或真空征象的椎体,选择单侧穿刺能获得很好的弥散效果;对于椎体内局部呈高信号的椎体,选择双侧穿刺能获得更好的弥散效果以及更低的骨水泥渗漏率。