嘉峪关市娱乐场所性服务人员AIDS健康教育和行为干预效果研究

目的 探索有效遏制艾滋病病毒（HIV）通过性服务人群向一般人群传播的方法，为预防控制艾滋病（AIDS）提供科学依据。方法 对嘉峪关市娱乐场所性服务人员进行AIDS健康教育和行为干预，采用随机抽样、调查问卷方法收集相关信息，进行干预前后效果比较。结果 AIDS预防基本知识知晓率干预后（96．96%）明显高于干预前（26．91%，但“非传播途径”干预后的全部答对比例仍然很低（60．61%）；干预后最近一次商业性行为安全套使用率（82．6896）较干预前（30．0996）有明显提高。结论 对娱乐场所性服务人员开展面对面的健康教育和干预，能有效提高她们艾滋病防治知识知晓率和安全套使用率，但如何建立长期可持续发展的干预机制有待进一步探索。     

农村高血压患者健康促进干预效果评价

目的 了解以社区为基础的健康促进策略对高血压患者在高血压相关知识、态度、行为及血压变化的影响,为基层卫生行政部门制定有效的防治对策提供依据.方法 在干预区和对照区各随机抽取230名高血压患者,对他们的知识、态度和行为进行问卷调查.结果 干预组在高血压基础知识和相关危险因素的认识上明显高于对照组,一些控制高血压行为的变化,遵医服药、定期测量血压等项目,干预组明显高于对照组,有显著性差异;血压水平较对照组明显下降2.1～3.8 mm/qg.结论 在农村社区实施健康促进干预策略,帮助高血压患者建立良好的生活方式来控制高血压和阻止并发症的发生是有效的.     

冠心病介入治疗术后患者综合健康教育干预效果初探

目的探讨冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后患者综合健康教育干预模式的应用,并检验其效果。方法选取2012年1月至2012年3月106例行PCI术的患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各53例。对照组给予常规术后护理及宣教,观察组在此基础上采用综合健康教育模式,比较出院6个月、12个月冠心病心血管危险因素控制效果及再住院率情况。结果术后6个月,观察组血压（BP）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及有氧活动达标率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而体质量指数（BMI）、空腹血糖、心电图（ECG）及再住院率与对照组间差异则无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后12个月,观察组BP、LDL-C、BMI、ECG、有氧活动达标率及再住院率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论实施综合健康教育干预,显著控制了PCI术后的危险因素,在一定程度上降低了患者的再住院率。     

Effectiveness of a video-based aging services technology education program for health care professionals

Health care professionals (HCPs) are a critical source of recommendations for older adults. Aging services technologies (ASTs), which include devices to support the health-care needs of older adults, are underutilized despite evidence for improving functional outcomes and safety and reducing caregiver burden and health costs. This study evaluated a video-based educational program aimed at improving HCP awareness of ASTs. Sixty-five HCPs viewed AST videos related to medication management, daily living, and memory. Following the program, participants’ objective and perceived AST knowledge improved, as did self-efficacy and anticipated AST engagement. About 95% of participants stated they were more likely to recommend ASTs postprogram. Participants benefitted equally regardless of years of experience or previous AST familiarity. Furthermore, change in self-efficacy and perceived knowledge were significant predictors of engagement change. Overall, the educational program was effective in improving HCPs’ awareness of ASTs and appeared to benefit all participants regardless of experience and prior knowledge.     

2011年浙江省饮水型氟中毒病区健康教育效果评价

目的调查健康教育干预防治饮水型地方性氟中毒(以下简称地氟病)的效果。方法采用统一问卷方式对目标人群开展地氟病健康教育调查。结果实施健康教育干预后,小学生地氟病防治知识平均知晓率由基线调查的67.24%上升为效果评价的98.45%(χ2=640.94,P<0.01);家庭主妇平均知晓率由基线调查的67.89%上升为效果评价的97.60%(χ2=296.86,P<0.01)。结论健康教育干预可有效提高项目地区小学生、家庭主妇的地氟病防治知识知晓率,增强群众的自我保健意识。     

对艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人开展同伴教育的干预效果评价

目的了解在接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病病人之间,开展同伴咨询、宣传教育,对于提高其治疗效果、改善生活质量的作用。并为以社区为基础的同伴教育干预模式的推广提供依据。方法以河南省南阳市卧龙区173例正在接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病病人作为研究对象,在知情同意的原则下,采取同伴教育1年,比较干预前后艾滋病病人服药依从性、心理状态及安全套使用率等指标的变化。结果经过1年的同伴教育后,抗病毒治疗依从性从58.97%提升为85.14%(χ2=25.622,P<0.05),健康的心理状况从37.18%提升至77.03%(χ2=49.086,P<0.05),最近1个月安全套使用率从75.95%提升至89.86%(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论同伴教育对于提高艾滋病病人服药依从性及改善病人心理状况是可行且有效的。     

绵阳市血吸虫病健康教育干预效果

目的 目的 评价绵阳市血吸虫病健康教育干预效果。 方法 方法 选择绵阳市6个流行县12个中重度流行村6～65岁人 群为调查对象, 对其开展健康教育干预。干预前后分别开展问卷调查以了解调查对象血防知识、 态度、 行为, 并对前后得 分进行比较, 以评价干预效果。 结果 结果 共调查600人, 其中村民298人, 学生302人。实施健康教育干预后, 村民血防知 识、 态度和行为平均得分分别从 （77.17 ± 5.04）、（77.83 ± 5.74）、（72.17 ± 2.48） 分提高至 （89.12 ± 3.18）、 100、 100分, 学生 上述3方面平均得分分别从 （79.50 ± 5.82）、（84.33 ± 2.66）、（82.17 ± 4.71） 分提高至 （87.00 ± 3.59）、 100、 100分, 前后差异 均有统计学意义 （P均＜0.01）。 结论 结论 绵阳市血吸虫病健康教育干预取得了较好的效果。如何巩固防治成果、 增强广 大群众参与血防的意识仍是当前的主要任务。     

仪征市学生血防健康教育效果调查

仪征市在试点学校连续3年开展血防健康教育，学生的血防知识知晓率和行为正确率分别从项目实施前的56．65％和51．07％提高到91．17％和93．77％，健康教育效果显著。     

Effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention in older adults

AIMS: To: (a) identify characteristics of older smokers considering cessation of smoking; (b) evaluate a cessation intervention plus access to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); (c) identify predictors of those who successfully quit; and (d) evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in those AGED >or = 75 years. DESIGN: Self-selection of: (a) a cessation of smoking programme; or (b) ongoing smoking. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Perth, Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS: A larger study recruited smokers and never smokers: from this the 215 community-dwelling smokers (>or= 5 cigarettes/day) aged >or= 68 years (171 males) were enrolled. INTERVENTION: Brief intervention with telephone support and access to NRT versus no intervention. MEASUREMENTS: (a) Profile of older adults planning to quit smoking compared with continuing smokers; (b) cessation at 6 months defined as 30-day point prevalence validated via expired carbon monoxide; and (c) factors predictive of successful cessation. FINDINGS: There were 165 intervention participants. Compared with the 50 continuing smokers, participants in the intervention were younger and had significantly less years of regular smoking, more previous quit attempts and greater nicotine dependence scores. At 6 months, the point prevalence of ex-smokers was 25% (n = 42) with 20% (n = 33) being abstinent throughout the study. No continuing smoker had ceased smoking. Among the intervention group, logistic regression showed that those who used NRT (OR 4.36), were male (OR 3.17), had higher anxiety (OR 1.67) or rejected 'more colds and coughs' as a reason for quitting (OR 2.91) were more likely to be successful quitters. Of those aged >or= 75 years (n = 77), 25% matched cessation criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Older smokers can be engaged successfully in a brief intervention plus NRT as aids to cessation of smoking. The intervention was also effective in the older subgroup of participants. Social factors may provide an additional means of motivating older smokers to quit.     

Effectiveness of a multi-country workplace intervention in sub-Saharan Africa

This paper examines whether a multi-country workplace peer education HIV prevention program is effective in influencing knowledge, attitudes and behavior in a highly educated and technically skilled workforce. Self-administered surveys were used to measure change among N=993 male and female workers exposed to a comprehensive and culturally-appropriate program. Most knowledge indicators and all attitude indicators showed significant improvement between baseline and post-intervention. The odds ratio was 2.48 for reporting confidence in using condoms correctly after exposure to the program compared with the baseline survey. The results on changes in practice were mixed; while respondents were more likely to report being tested for HIV post-intervention, they were also more likely to self-report risky behavior. The findings suggest that peer education prevention programs in the workplace may create a climate of open discussion about sexual issues that increases self-reporting of risk behavior. Reinforcement of the messages contained in the program is therefore extremely important for influencing future behavior change.     

晋江市预防艾滋病8种宣传载体的宣传教育效果分析

目的分析晋江市预防艾滋病8种宣传教育载体的宣传教育效果,为深入开展卫生防病宣教工作提供参考。方法对教育＂基地＂、公共汽车、手机短信等8种载体的宣传范围、时间、成本、效果等项目进行综合分析比较。结果以8种宣传载体为依托的防艾宣教工作,具有各自的特点和优势,宣传范围广、成本低、效率高、成效明显。结论应结合工作实际,采用可行的宣传模式和载体,精心设计宣传内容,以收到更好的效果。     

建筑工地外来务工人员艾滋病健康教育干预效果分析

目的分析比较建筑工地外来务工人员几种常见艾滋病(AIDS)宣传干预措施的效果。方法整群抽取8个建筑工地共560名外来务工人员,分成4个组,1个组为对照组,3个组为干预组。干预组分别采取传统健康教育方式(A组)、互动方式(B组)和老乡带教方式(C组)进行干预,比较各干预组干预前后及组间干预的效果。结果干预后,3个干预组艾滋病一般知识、预防措施相关知识的知晓率均有显著改善,传播途径相关知识中,除共用注射器和母婴传播仅干预C组有显著改善外,其他传播途径3个干预组均有显著改善,相关知识干预总体效果C组>B组>A组。艾滋病相关态度行为3个干预组的总体干预效果不明显,仅共用剃须刀在C组、愿坚持使用安全套预防艾滋病在B组和C组有显著改善,干预效果C组要好于B组和A组,但差异无统计学意义。结论进行流动人口艾滋病宣教干预,老乡带教方式的效果要优于互动方式和传统健康教育方式,在态度行为方面更为明显。     

风鸣办事处实施血防健康教育三年效果观察

１试区概况风鸣办事处位于永胜县城南郊，所属１２个自然村均有血吸虫病流行，为高原平坝型中度流行区，该办事处共６７６户，３０９４人，都是汉族，年人均收入３３９元，文盲率１６．７％，历史累计查出钉螺面积１８５９０１ｍ２，血吸虫病患者３６０人，２８２０人受到...     

玉山县岩瑞镇学校健康教育干预效果

目的 目的 评价学校 “奖惩激励+现身说法+教师参与” 血防健康教育模式的干预效果。方法 方法 选择山丘型血吸虫病 流行区的玉山县岩瑞镇宅前小学, 采用 “奖惩激励+现身说法+教师参与” 的健康教育模式, 比较干预前后学生血防知识、 血 防态度和行为以及血吸虫感染情况的变化。结果 结果 204名目标学生在健康教育干预措施实施后的第1、 2年, 血防知识知晓 率由干预前的26.47%提高到86.76%和99.51%, 血防态度正确率由17.04%提高到73.04%和100%, 疫水接触频率由干预前 的83.33%下降到26.96%和0, 血吸虫感染率由 2.94%下降到0.49%和0。结论 结论 学校健康教育不可忽视,“奖惩激励+现身 说法+教师参与” 的干预模式是控制学生血吸虫感染的有效方法。     

Effectiveness of a clinical practice intervention in early rheumatoid arthritis

Objective

To compare the outcome of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a country where early clinics were established versus the outcome of patients in nonprotocolized clinics.

Methods

We compared 2 multicenter cohorts: an RA cohort derived from an early arthritis registry set in 36 reference hospitals in which a specific intervention was established (Evaluation of a Model for Arthritis Care in Spain [SERAP]), and a historical control cohort of patients with early RA attending 34 rheumatology departments (Prognosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis [PROAR] cohort). Effectiveness was tested by comparing the change in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), the change in the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the change in the Sharp/van der Heijde radiologic score using marginal structural models.

Results

A total of 161 early RA patients were recruited in the PROAR cohort and 447 in the SERAP cohort. Being a SERAP patient was inversely correlated with activity, resulting in a decrease of ?0.24 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] ?0.39, ?0.08) units in the population average of the DAS28 after adjustment was made. Moreover, intervention may be seen as a protective factor of radiologic damage, with a decrease of ?0.05 (95% CI ?0.09, ?0.01) units in the logarithm of the total Sharp/van der Heijde score. On the other hand, a decrease in functional impairment was detected, but intervention was not statistically associated with HAQ changes.

Conclusion

Preventing major radiographic progression in a 2‐year term inside structured and organized special programs for the management of disease, such as early arthritis clinics, are effective compared to nonprotocolized referrals, treatment, and followup.

     

娱乐场所服务人员AIDS健康教育和行为干预效果

目的探索有效遏制艾滋病病毒(HIV)通过娱乐场所服务人群向一般人群传播的方法,为预防控制艾滋病(AIDS)提供科学依据。方法对石景山地区娱乐场所服务人员进行AIDS健康教育和行为干预,分别对408名性服务人员在干预前和干预后第3、6、9、15个月,共5次进行现场艾滋病性病相关知识问卷调查,尖锐湿疣(CA)感染率随访跟踪,并进行干预前后效果比较。结果 AIDS预防基本知识题知晓正确率,干预后依次为67.07%、79.77%、90.53%、87.61%,明显高于干预前的51.62%。安全套坚持使用率由干预前52.94%逐步上升至干预后60.98%、70.11%、77.33%、81.25%。CA感染率由干预前的8.82%逐步下降至干预后的6.10%、4.60%、2.67%、1.04%。安全套坚持使用率与性病感染率呈负相关(r=-0.98,P<0.05)。结论对娱乐场所服务人员开展健康教育和行为干预,能有效提高他们艾滋病防治知识知晓率和安全套使用率,但如何建立长期发展的干预机制,有待进一步研究。     

晋城市城市社区居民预防艾滋病健康教育效果评价

目的了解晋城市城市社区居民开展艾滋病健康教育前后,对艾滋病知识和态度的改变,评价健康教育的效果。方法在城区选择凤翔、万苑、康乐、西巷4个社区,采取分层整群抽样法,按楼号、门牌号随机抽取18周岁以上的常住居民和外来暂住居民为调查对象。教育前后采用同一问卷开展两次面对面调查。结果健康教育后社区居民对艾滋病知识知晓率明显提高,艾滋病知识平均知晓率由教育前的79.82%提高到教育后的96.02%,达到了《中国预防与控制艾滋病中长期规划(1998—2010年)》和《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划(2006-2010)》的目标;对艾滋病病人及感染者的态度有了明显变化,愿意与艾滋病病人及感染者交往的,关心艾滋病病人的人数明显增加(P<0.001);为避免感染艾滋病病毒愿意使用安全套的人数增加明显(P<0.001),商业性行为时使用安全套的比教育前有明显改变(P<0.01)。但自愿做艾滋病病毒抗体检查的无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论通过对城市社区居民开展预防艾滋病健康教育,可有效地提高社区居民预防艾滋病知识水平,增强对艾滋病预防的意识,改变对艾滋病患者及感染者的认识,自觉采取健康的行为。     

Effectiveness of patient‐oriented education and medication management intervention in people with decompensated cirrhosis

People with chronic disease often have poor comprehension of their disease and medications, which can negatively affect health outcomes. In a randomised‐controlled trial, we found that patients with decompensated cirrhosis who received a pharmacist‐led, patient‐oriented education and medication management intervention (n = 57) had greater knowledge of cirrhosis and key self‐care tasks compared with usual care (n = 59). Intervention patients also experienced improved quality of life. Dedicated resources are needed to support implementation of evidence‐based measures at local centres to improve outcomes.