创伤性动脉瘤的治疗

目的：探讨创伤性动脉瘤的外科手术治疗方法。方法：对近6年收治的创伤性动脉瘤39例进行回顾性分析。结果：24例行急诊手术治疗，动脉瘤切除后，10例作单纯动脉结扎，3例作动脉修补，26例用自体大隐静脉或人工血管移植重建血运，手术治愈37例，高位截肢2例，治愈率94．9％，术后随访26例（2个月－6年），均保存肢体。结论：外科手术仍是目前首选的外周创伤性动脉瘤治疗方法，应视具体情况选择手术方式，并重视感染性假性动脉瘤的治疗。     

17例四肢创伤性假性动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨不同类型四肢创伤性假性动脉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾分析1990年1月—2006年4月收治的创伤性假性动脉瘤17例。，其中14例手术治疗，血肿清除后分别行血管侧壁缝合术7例，端端吻合术1例，人工血管移植术1例，自体血管移植术1例，近远端血管结扎4例。采用非手术治疗局部加压包扎3例。结果 本组患者无死亡或肢体坏死，治疗后临床症状消失。患者平均随访13.2个月，患肢功能良好。 结论 四肢创伤性假性动脉瘤诊断明确后，应根据不同类型采取不同的治疗方法。     

创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘

目的：为了进一步探讨创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的手术方法，我院血管外科分析了１９６３年６月～１９９５年１２月，经手术治疗的创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘９６例。其中创伤性动脉瘤５５例，含６３个动脉瘤，动静脉瘘４１例，含４３个动静脉瘘。方法：根据血管造影和手术发现，将创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘各分为四个类型。手术方法包括直接修补、单纯或四头结扎、瘤或瘘切除然后行对端吻合或大隐静脉或人造血管移植。结果：除１例左颈总动脉根部动脉瘤伴左颈总动脉—无名静脉瘘术后１９小时死于弥漫性血管内凝血外，其余无死亡。动脉瘤和动静脉瘘得到随访的分别为７９．６％和７８．０％。远期随访效果较佳。结论：不同类型的创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘，应采用不同的手术方法。     

注射毒品致四肢血管损伤的救治

目的 探讨注射毒品致四肢血管损伤的特点及显微外科治疗的方法与临床疗效.方法 1998～ 2006年间收治因注射毒品致四肢血管损伤病人共31例,其中形成股动脉假性动脉瘤者28例,形成肱动脉假性动脉瘤者2例,因直接注射粉剂毒品致股血管栓塞并下肢湿性坏疽者1例.应用显微外科技术对30例假性动脉瘤形成者清创后进行血管重建治疗,其中行假性动脉瘤切除后直接血管吻合7例,应用静脉片单纯修补4例,大隐静脉移植修复12例,人造血管移植3例,直接行股动脉结扎4例;已经出现湿性坏疽者行截肢术.结果 住院时间11～ 32天,平均19天,全部患者均治愈出院,未出现肢体缺血坏死及血管瘤再次破裂出血.结论 彻底清创是防治感染的根本;自体静脉移植是治疗假性动脉瘤的主要手段,直接行股动脉结扎是在条件困难情况下才选择的术式,本组有限的病例显示其也是一种相对安全的术式,有待更多的临床经验积累.     

创伤性假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的手术治疗

目的 探讨创伤性假性动脉瘤（pseudoaneurysm,PsAn)和创伤性动静脉瘘（arterio-venous fistula,AVF)的手术方法及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析1989年1月-2001年2月经手术治疗的PsAn及AVF共43例,根据分型分别采用单纯或四头结扎术10例;经瘤腔破裂口修补术13例;单纯血管移植5例;经动脉切开修补瘘口,重建动脉血流8例;经静脉切开修补瘘口,静脉结扎或切除3例;经瘤腔同时修补动静脉瘘口1例;瘘切断或切除,动静脉壁瘘口侧面修补术1例,经瘤腔修补静脉瘘口,动脉结扎或血管移植2例。结果 死亡2例,余41例近期疗效满意,随访34例,2例AVF肢端慢性溃疡者效果欠佳。余32例效果良好。结论 对创伤性PsAn和AVF应早期手术。根据分型采用不同手术方法,效果良好。     

四肢创伤性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘（附56例治疗报告）

1980～1984我院外科治疗四肢创伤性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘56例，以动脉瘤切除用静脉移植，重建血管连续性为最好的手术方式。单纯的动脉结扎要慎重，否则会发生肢体的缺血坏死。     

胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤血管造影诊断及栓塞治疗

目的探讨血管造影诊断及栓塞治疗胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤的方法。资料与方法12例胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤均为腹部外科手术后急性消化道出血,经内科保守治疗无效而急诊行血管造影及栓塞治疗。其中消化道出血前2例有感染征象,2例腹腔引流液淀粉酶升高。结果11例栓塞后迅速止血;1例消化道出血栓塞胆囊动脉6h后再出血,再次造影发现胃十二指肠动脉残端假性动脉瘤破裂,栓塞胃十二指肠动脉残端后止血。栓塞后复查造影示假性动脉瘤供血动脉完全闭塞,假性动脉瘤未见显影;栓塞术后3例有一过性上腹部疼痛。术后随访3～46个月,无复发及并发症。结论血管造影诊断及经导管栓塞是诊断及治疗胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤迅速、安全、有效的方法。     

创伤性假性动脉瘤与动静脉瘘血管内治疗

目的：探讨创伤性假性动脉瘤与动静脉瘘治疗效果．方法：本组共１１８例病人，其中颈内动脉海绵窦瘘８８例、动静脉瘘８例、假性动脉瘤２２例．采用可脱性球囊栓塞６４例；弹簧圈与钨丝螺旋圈栓塞３４例；肌瓣“放风筝”法治疗６例；眼上静脉穿刺注入栓塞材料２例；瘤腔直接穿刺注入栓塞材料２例；气囊导管暂时阻断动脉腔内血流与手术相结合治疗１０例．结果：除４例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘术后出现偏瘫、半年内恢复外，余皆治愈．结论：可脱性球囊栓塞颈动脉海绵窦瘘是目前国内外首选治疗方法．气囊导管暂时阻断动脉腔内血流，然后施行血管重建，可控制大出血并减少术中出血．本法是直接手术时安全有效的辅助措施，可提高邻近躯干部位大血管损伤救治成功率．     

动脉穿刺后并发假性动脉瘤的治疗

目的 探讨动脉穿刺后并发假性动脉瘤的治疗方法。方法 根据22例23处假性动脉瘤患者的临床特征,结合临床表现和超声多普勒显像作出诊断,采用超声引导下加压包扎、或手术修补进行治疗。对血肿范围大、合并静脉回流障碍,或神经血管受压者,以及破口大者采取手术修补。结果 2例早期发生的假性动脉瘤在超声引导下加压包扎,瘤体闭合;其余加例均手术清除血肿或钙化组织,直接修复19例,大隐静脉移植修复动脉1例,结扎桡动脉1例。术后主要血管通畅,局部未再复发。结论 超声引导下局部加压包扎以及手术修复受损血管,是有效治疗动脉穿刺后的假性动脉瘤的方法之一。     

创伤性颈动脉假性动脉瘤病因及诊治探讨

目的对创伤性颈动脉假性动脉瘤病因及血管内栓塞治疗进行探讨。方法对26例患者行数字减影血管造影术(DSA)检查明确诊断，同时行血管内栓塞治疗。5例采用微弹簧圈栓塞，19例采用可脱性球囊行假性动脉瘤开口处颈动脉闭塞，2例采用10％α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)脑膜中动脉供支栓塞。结果20例栓塞后鼻腔出血停止，其中1例视力下降栓塞后1周视力好转。3例头痛3周后消失。3例颈部包块杂音消失、质软、无搏动。1例死亡。随访6-12个月无一例再次出血，颈部包块消失。结论血管内栓塞是治疗创伤性颈动脉假性动脉瘤有效的方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.