同种异体骨移植重建四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

[目的]探讨同种异体骨移植修复重建四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床疗效。[方法] 2013年6月～2017年12月对本院收治的21例四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损病例进行大段同种异体骨移植重建,其中复合肿瘤型人工关节置换12例,单纯异体骨段移植9例。本组病例男13例,女8例;年龄11～51岁,平均(21.53±6.54)岁,均经过术前穿刺活检及术后病理确诊,Enneking分期ⅠB期4例,ⅡB期17例,其中骨肉瘤和尤文肉瘤患者术前均行2个疗程新辅助化疗及术后规范化疗。术后采用MSTS评分进行功能评价。[结果]所有患者获随访8～48个月,平均(29.64±11.22)个月,均未发生移植异体骨或假体周围骨折,无关节脱位及假体松动。其中19例肢体功能优良,MSTS功能评分16～28分,平均(22.82±4.47)分。[结论]异体骨移植联合肿瘤型人工关节复合置换,以及异体骨段移植重建长骨干缺损仍然是治疗四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的一种有效重建方法。     

上肢骨肿瘤切除后的自体骨移植重建

目的探讨应用自体骨移植对上肢骨肿瘤切除后的骨缺损修复重建的效果。方法1998年8月～2004年3月，收治上肢骨肿瘤切除后的骨缺损16例。男8例，女8例。年龄7～45岁。经病理确诊，肱骨近端尤文肉瘤和骨肉瘤各1例；肱骨远端尤文肉瘤2例；桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤8例，高分化软骨肉瘤2例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤和骨肉瘤各1例。2例肱骨近端肿瘤行自体锁骨代肱骨；2例肱骨远端肿瘤行自体腓骨代肱骨；12例桡骨远端肿瘤中，1例行自体髂骨移植，11例行自体腓骨代桡骨进行重建。采用MSTS系统进行术后功能评价。结果2例肱骨近端自体锁骨移植患者分别随访36个月和12个月，术后保持部分肩关节前屈和后伸功能，但外展功能丧失；MSTS评分分别为23分和22分。2例肱骨远端自体腓骨移植患者分别随访4个月和6个月，肘关节功能良好，移植骨连接处已经出现骨愈合；MSTS功能评分分别为24分和19分。12例桡骨远端自体骨移植患者中11例随访6～75个月，功能良好，无明显并发症；1例髂骨植骨的桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤术后3个月移植骨完全愈合，至今随访75个月，肿瘤无复发。MSTS功能评分18~27分，平均22．6分。结论自体骨移植在上肢骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建，尤其是儿童的骨缺损重建中，是一种较好的方法。     

大段同种异体骨复合人工关节治疗股骨肿瘤

目的探讨应用大段冷冻异体骨复合人工关节修复股骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的疗效。方法自1997年6月~2003年10月采用大段同种异体骨复合人工关节治疗股骨肿瘤28例,其中复合股骨上段的全髋关节置换13例,复合股骨下段全膝关节置换15例。按Enneking分期,广泛边缘性切除肿瘤,选用长柄人工关节将大小和形态合适的同种异体骨与宿主骨经骨水泥髓内固定,假体柄插入宿主骨髓内长度与异体骨轴心长度比应在0.8以上。术后均未使用免疫抑制剂。结果28例中除2例复合股骨下段患者失访外,其余患者随访6～78个月,平均41个月。3例骨肉瘤患者于术后18个月内死亡;4例(恶性骨巨细胞瘤2例,皮质旁骨肉瘤和软骨肉瘤各1例)分别于术后8个月内局部软组织复发,经广泛切除后治愈;其余患者均无瘤生存。所有患者均无关节脱位、假体松动和断裂。9例异体股骨大转子区及6例股骨髁区部分吸收。24例异体骨和宿主骨间达骨性愈合,愈合时间为5～11个月,平均7.4个月。13例复合股骨上段的全髋关节置换者,髋关节主动活动度为71°～124°,平均85°;13例复合股骨下段全膝关节置换者,膝关节主动活动度为68°～135°,平均92°。按ISOLS骨肿瘤术后功能重建评分为22～28分,平均26.2分。结论现代骨水泥技术将人工关节、异体骨与宿主骨有机地连接在一起,达到早期牢     

复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的应用

目的探讨复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中重建骨缺损的手术原理及效果。方法应用携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，重建下肢骨肿瘤切除后的长段骨缺损12例。其中，骨肉瘤6例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，骨纤维结构不良2例，骨巨细胞瘤3例。结果12例经术后8～38个月随访，1例死于肺转移，2例带瘤存活，9例无瘤存活。术后功能优良率达75％。10例术后3个月内X线示骨端骨性愈合，2例内固定失败重新外固定后骨性愈合，所有均在9个月内能完全负重行走。结论携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，适用于下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中的长段骨缺损的修复，具有自体活骨移植和异体骨移植的双重优点。     

Ilizarov技术在四肢骨肿瘤中的应用

<正>良、恶性骨肿瘤可引起四肢骨缺损和畸形,针对此类问题骨科医生总会面临如何选择最佳手术方案和骨缺损重建方式。手术切除瘤体骨造成节段性骨缺损常常用假体置换、自体带蒂腓骨移植、同种异体骨移植重建,而Ilizarov技术可作为一种辅助重建方式。Ilizarov技术有多种重建骨缺损、矫正骨畸形的方法,包括骨延长或骨搬运重建恶性骨肿瘤瘤段骨切除后的     

深低温冷冻同种异体骨修复骨缺损的临床应用

采用－８０℃深低温冷冻同种异体骨植骨治疗缺损３２例。四肢良性肿瘤１７例，恶性肿瘤２例，创伤性骨缺损６例，重建椎体６例，重建跟重１例，异体骨加自体骨移植１８例，单纯异体骨１４例，大块异体骨移植１４例。Ｘ线片显示移植骨与宿主骨愈合良好，认为深低温冷冻同种异体骨是一种较理想的骨缺损修复材料。     

深低温冷冻同种异体骨修复骨缺损的临床应用

采用—80℃深低温冷冻同种异体骨植骨治疗缺损32例。四肢良性肿瘤17例,恶性肿瘤2例,创伤性骨缺损6例,重建椎体6例,重建跟骨1例,异体骨加自体骨移植18例,单纯异体骨14例,大块异体骨移植14例。本组除1例感染失败,1例异体骨与宿主骨皮质端不愈合外其余30例切口Ⅰ期愈合,无排斥反应。X线片显示移植骨与宿主骨愈合良好,认为深低温冷冻同种异体骨是一种较理想的骨缺损修复材料。     

同种异体骨复合人工关节治疗股骨肿瘤的研究

目的探讨应用同种异体骨复合人工关节对股骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的治疗.方法自1996年12月至2004年12月,采用同种异体骨复合人工关节治疗股骨肿瘤20 例,其中复合股骨上端的全髋关节置换8 例,复合股骨下端全膝关节置换12 例.按Enneking分期,广泛边缘性切除肿瘤,选用长柄人工关节和形态合适的同种异体骨与宿主骨经骨水泥髓内固定,假体柄插入宿主骨髓内长度与异体骨轴心长度比应为0.8以上.术后均未使用免疫抑制剂.结果 20 例中随访18 例,平均36个月.2 例骨肉瘤患者术后15个月内死亡,其余患者均无瘤生存.所有患者均无关节脱位、假体松动和断裂.16 例异体骨和宿主骨形成骨性融合,融合时间为6～12个月,平均8个月.8 例股骨上端的全髋关节置换者,髋关节的主动活动度为70°～120°,平均83°;10 例复合股骨下端全膝关节置换者,膝关节的主动活动度为67°～130°,平均90°.按ISOLS骨肿瘤术后功能重建评分为21～29分,平均27.5分.结论异体骨与宿主骨间的生物连接增加了人工关节的固定臂,从而降低了假体松动、下沉或断裂的发生率.同种异体骨移植复合人工关节置换具有异体骨和人工关节两者的优点,更适合良性和生存时间较长的恶性肿瘤的保肢治疗.     

骨肿瘤

20060475儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤诊断及外科治疗，20060476皮质外骨桥固定特制假体置换治疗肢体骨肿瘤，20060477应用携带监测皮岛的腓骨移植重建股骨上段肿瘤术后骨缺损，20060478经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体恶性肿瘤（附23例报告）,20060479人工关节异体骨复合移植修复骨肿瘤切除后的骨与关节缺损.[编者按]     

骨肿瘤

20061286 复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的应用／王建炜…∥中华显微外科杂志．-2005，28（4）．-309-311 应用携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，重建下肢骨肿瘤切除后的长段骨缺损12例。其中，骨肉瘤6例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，骨纤维结构不良2例，骨巨细胞瘤3例。结果：12例经术后8～38个月随访，1例死于肺转移，2例带瘤存活，9例无瘤存活。术后功能优良率达75％。10例术后3个月内X线示骨端骨性愈合，2例内固定失败重新外固定后骨性愈合，所有均在9个月内能完全负重行走。结论；携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，适用于下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中的长段骨缺损的修复，具有自体活骨移植和异体骨移植的双重优点。图3参6     

骨盆Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅳ区肉瘤整块切除后腰盆钉棒重建系统

目的探讨骨盆Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅳ区肉瘤整块切除后新设计的腰盆钉棒重建系统的临床应用。方法回顾性研究中山大学附属第一医院骨肿瘤科,2009年6月到2010年12月期间,行骨盆Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区肉瘤整块切除和腰盆钉棒系统重建术的病例资料,评价该术式的治疗效果及术后并发症。入选条件:穿刺活检证实骨盆原发性肉瘤;肺部CT未见转移灶,Eneking分期为ⅡB期;患者能完成规范的新辅助化疗;术前MRI评估证实肉瘤未侵犯髂外动静脉、坐骨神经和盆腔脏器,确认肉瘤累及骨盆Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅳ三个区域。结果 4例累及骨盆Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区的原发性肉瘤患者接受肿瘤整块切除后腰盆钉棒系统重建。患者男3例,女1例;平均年龄29.75岁(18～45岁)。病理类型包括:尤文肉瘤2例,软骨肉瘤1例和骨肉瘤1例,尤文肉瘤和骨肉瘤完成新辅助化疗。肉瘤整块切除范围包括骨盆Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区肿瘤、肿瘤累及的髂肌、臀中小肌和部分臀大肌,同时采用骨盆髋臼和腰椎椎弓根钉棒系统重建髋臼、骨盆环和腰骶连接。术后3周患者开始进行康复治疗,术后3个月可扶拐行走。术后平均随访14个月(9～19个月),目前尚未发现复发和转移。MSTS功能评分平均为66.67%(63%～73%);Harris髋关节评分良2例,差2例。结论骨盆原发性肉瘤治疗的主要目标是通过广泛切除而获得治愈,通过骨盆环重建挽救下肢的主要功能。骨盆Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区肉瘤整块切除和腰盆钉棒系统既能完整的切除肿瘤,又能有效重建骨盆和腰骶连接功能。这种重建方式近期疗效观察能够达到患者及骨肿瘤专科医生的功能期望。     

Intercalary reconstructions after bone tumor resections: a review of treatments

An intercalary reconstruction is defined as replacement of the diaphyseal portion of a long bone after segmental skeletal resection (diaphysectomy). Intercalary reconstructions typically result in superior function compared to other limb-sparing procedures as the patient’s native joints above and below the reconstruction are left undisturbed. The most popular reconstructive options after segmental resection of a bone sarcoma include allografts, vascularized fibula graft, combined allograft and vascularized fibula, segmental endoprostheses, extracorporeal devitalized autograft, and segmental transport using the principles of distraction osteogenesis. This article aims to review the indications, techniques, limitations, pros and cons, and complications of the aforementioned methods of intercalary bone tumor resections and reconstructions in the context of the ever-growing, brave new field of limb-salvage surgery.     

Clinical and functional outcomes of tibial intercalary allografts after tumor resection

Reconstruction after intercalary resection of the tibia is demanding due to subcutaneous location, poor vascularity of the tibia, and high infection rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survivorship, complications, and functional outcome of intercalary tibial allograft reconstructions following tumor resections. Intercalary tibia segmental allografts were implanted in 26 consecutive patients after segmental resections. Patients were followed for an average of 6 years. Allograft survival was determined with the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient function was evaluated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system. Survivorship was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 98%-70%) at 5 years and 79% (95% CI, 63%-95%) at 10 years. Allografts were removed in 5 patients due to 3 infections and 2 local recurrences. Two patients showed diaphyseal nonunion, and 3 patients underwent an incomplete fracture; no allografts were removed in these patients. Average MSTS functional score was 29 points (range, 27-30 points). Despite the incidence of complications, this analysis showed an acceptable survivor-ship with excellent functional scores. The use of intercalary allograft has a place in the reconstruction of a segmental defect created by the resection of a tumor in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal portion of the tibia.     

骨肿瘤初次保肢手术后生物性重建失败的肿瘤假体翻修术

目的评估骨肿瘤初次保肢手术后生物性重建失败的肿瘤假体翻修的疗效。方法2004至2006年，13例骨肉瘤和3例骨巨细胞瘤患者在香港威尔斯亲王医院接受手术治疗。15例患者应用同种异体骨重建，另1例患者应用带血管腓骨移植重建骨缺损。应用肿瘤型假体进行翻修手术的重建。翻修术后患者膝关节活动范围良好时，订制的可延长假体接受延长手术。结果患者平均年龄23．2岁（13～43岁），平均随诊26．4个月（6～47个月）。翻修手术的原因包括：7例患者出现同种异体骨骨折或软骨下骨塌陷，5例患者骨不愈合，3例患者异体骨感染，1例患者膝关节僵硬。翻修手术的假体包括10例患者应用订制型假体，其他患者应用组合式假体。翻修手术的部位包括9例股骨远端假体，6例胫骨近端假体和1例股骨中段假体。订制假体中6例是可延长假体，假体的延长方式中5例是微创延长、1例无创延长。翻修手术后，膝关节活动改善，平均从18．1&#176;（0&#176;-90&#176;）至91．9&#176;（50&#176;-120&#176;）。下肢缩短不等长畸形从平均5cm（2-11．5cm）纠正至平均1．5cm（0-4cm）。翻修术后患肢功能MSTS评分从34．6％改善到89．2％。翻修术后2例患者出现部分皮肤坏死，1例患者出现腓总神经麻痹，以后部分恢复，1例患者出现胫骨裂纹骨折；没有感染和植入物失败。结论保肢手术后生物学重建失败所引起下肢缩短和僵硬，应用人工假体翻修是可行的，早期效果令人鼓舞。膝关节僵硬患者可获得良好的关节活动度。严重的下肢缩短畸形通过可伸长假体逐渐获得纠正。     

Results of free vascularized fibula grafting for allograft nonunion after limb salvage surgery for malignant bone tumors

The purpose of this study was to assess the results of free vascularized fibula grafting (FVFG) in the treatment of allograft fracture nonunion after limb salvage surgery for malignant bone tumors.A retrospective study was performed on 8 patients who underwent FVFG for allograft fracture nonunions. All had prior tumor resection and allograft reconstruction for osteosarcoma (n = 6) or Ewing sarcoma (n = 2) of the femur (n = 3), tibia (n = 2), humerus (n = 2), or ulna (n = 1). All patients failed an initial course of immobilization; 4 patients failed prior open reduction and internal fixation with autogenous nonvascularized bone grafting. Average age at the time of FVFG was 14 years. Average follow-up was 44 months.The FVFG resulted in successful bony healing in 7 of 8 patients, providing pain relief, limb preservation, and restoration of function. One patient developed an infection requiring fibula removal and staged prosthetic reconstruction. Additional complications requiring further treatment included limb-length discrepancy, additional allograft fracture, and wound infection.The FVFG is an effective treatment option for allograft nonunion after limb salvage surgery because it provides both the mechanical stability and biological stimulus for bony healing. Attention to internal fixation, limb alignment, and microvascular principles is essential to prevent complications and allow for the best functional outcomes.     

人工节段型骨干假体重建治疗肱骨骨干肿瘤

目的探讨人工节段型骨干假体重建治疗肱骨骨干肿瘤的可行性、手术方法以及疗效评估。方法回顾性分析2008年4月至2012年6月期间我院采用肿瘤广泛切除和节段型骨干假体重建术治疗6例肱骨骨干肿瘤患者的手术方案及疗效。6例患者中男性2例,女性4例,年龄为19~74岁,平均50．8岁;其中肱骨干单纯性骨囊肿2例、肺癌单发肱骨干转移瘤2例、肱骨干动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例及肱骨干富含巨细胞纤维性病变1例。结果术后随访8～58个月,平均29．5个月。截至末次随访,5例患者存活,1例患者于术后2（）个月死亡。存活患者肿瘤无局部复发、假体松动等并发症,末次随访时患肢功能状态良好,国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会（MSTS）肢体功能评分平均为24．8分（19~28分）。结论长骨骨干肿瘤大段广泛切除和节段型骨干假体保肢重建是治疗骨干肿瘤的有效手术方案之一。设计定制假体能够确保手术切除至安全外科边界,降低术后局部复发率,并保留正常关节及周围软组织,使患者术后即可负重锻炼,提高了术后生活质量。     

累及骶骨的骨盆恶性肿瘤切除及重建

目的 探讨累及骶骨的骨盆恶性肿瘤合理的手术切除及重建方式.方法 1999年7月至2007年7月,共有19例累及骶骨的骨盆恶性肿瘤患者在北京大学人民医院骨肿瘤科接受肿瘤切除重建手术.平均年龄37岁(12～78岁);男性12例,女性7例. 其中,软骨肉瘤5例、尤文肉瘤4例、骨肉瘤4例、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)1例、骨巨细胞瘤1例、转移癌4例.切除髂骨翼及部分骶骨、保留髋臼手术10例,采用了钉棒系统内固定,其中5例患者同时进行了自体腓骨或髂骨植骨;切除部分骶骨、髂骨翼及髋臼手术9例,应用组配式人工半骨盆重建骨盆环完整性.结果 肿瘤学结果:7例出现局部复发(7/19,36.9%),其中骨肉瘤2例、软骨肉瘤2例、尤文肉瘤2例及转移癌1例.19例患者随访时间为1至7年,平均4.5年.功能结果:9例保留髋臼、钉棒重建的患者术后正常行走,无步态异常.9例行Ⅱ区肿瘤切除、人工半骨盆重建的患者中,8例术后2个月能够扶拐行走.ISOLS评分平均20分以上,其中,良好3例,一般5例,较差1例.人工半骨盆重建的患者中,术后脱位1例,行切开复位;因深部感染取出假体1例.结论 对于保留髋臼的髂骨肿瘤切除,采用钉棒内固定结合自体骨植骨是一种理想的重建骨盆环稳定性的方法,可使患者早期恢复行走功能.将股骨头颈植于骶骨侧方,将组配式人工半骨盆卡于质骨块的下方,重建累及骶骨及髋臼的骨盆切除,是一种可取的重建方式.     

Locking versus standard plates for allograft fixation after tumor resection in children and adolescents

PURPOSE: This investigation was undertaken to assess the performance of locking plates in comparison to standard compression plates for allograft fixation after resection of malignant primary skeletal tumors. METHODS: Using a computerized database, patients younger than 18 years who had undergone resection of malignant skeletal tumors with allograft reconstruction from January 1998 through June 2004 were identified. Demographic, oncological, surgical, and follow-up data were collected, and comparison of outcomes with regard to allograft-host junction healing between locking and standard compression plates was undertaken. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Homogeneity of the study group with regards to age, sex, diagnosis, adjuvant therapy, and presence of metastases allowed for evaluation of allograft-host union as a relatively independent variable. Nine patients in the locking plate group (75%) united after the index procedure at an average of 13.1 months. Fifteen patients (55.6%) with compression plates healed after the initial reconstruction at an average of 14.6 months. Complications and secondary procedures were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this investigation suggest that use of locking plates for allograft-host junction fixation is associated with improved union rates and less need for additional operations when compared with standard compression plates.     

股骨上段肿瘤切除后人工假体重建的临床研究

目的探讨肿瘤广泛切除后人工假体置换治疗股骨上段恶性肿瘤的疗效,总结并发症发生情况。方法1998年7月至2005年7月,对81例股骨上段骨肿瘤的患者行广泛切除后人工假体置换,肿瘤类型包括股骨近端转移癌30例,股骨近端原发恶性骨肿瘤39例,股骨上段周围原发恶性软组织肿瘤4例,股骨上段纤维异常增殖症3例,其他5例。9例患者使用了灭活肿瘤骨结合人工假体复合重建缺损,5例患者行异体骨人工关节复合体重建,其余67例患者均使用金属假体。术后功能评价采用MSTS93评分。结果30例骨转移癌患者中,因术后均转往相关肿瘤科室行放、化疗,随访率较低,局部复发率不详,但术后短期关节功能良好。76例（93．8％）患者术后半年MSTS93评分平均在25分以上。51例原发肿瘤患者术后随访1．5～7．0年,平均3．5年。1例患者出现髋脱位;2例患者出现假体迟发感染;2例患者出现假体松动;2例患者发生移植物与宿主骨接合处不愈合;2例患者出现髋臼磨损;3例患者出现髋部疼痛,行走困难;1例患者出现假体的下沉。5例患者在术后0．5～2．0年内发生了局部复发。结论股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后应用人工假体重建骨缺损,并发症较少,可以早期进行康复训练,术后髋关节功能良好,可作为股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后的首选重建方法。     

Tumors of the pelvis: complications after reconstruction

Introduction Complications after pelvic sarcoma surgery are frequent; however, the reports on complications are limited. Results of the authors' experience with 110 primary pelvic tumor resections and methods to achieve low complication rates for pelvic reconstruction are reported.Materials and methods From 1982 to 1996, 110 patients with pelvic sarcoma (42 Ewing sarcomas, 40 chondrosarcomas, 21 osteosarcomas, and 7 other malignant tumors) underwent surgery. Sixteen patients underwent implantation of a hemipelvic megaprosthesis, 13 patients had implantation of an allograft for sacroiliac arthrodesis, 12 patients had implantation of an autograft for sacroiliac arthrodesis, and 17 patients underwent hip transposition. There were 9 hindquarter amputations, 6 implantations of allograft and total hip endoprosthesis, 1 implantation of prosthesis with autograft, and 1 implantation of allograft and autograft. No skeletal reconstruction was done in 35 patients.Results Postoperative function was as follows: 37% in patients with prosthesis, 60% in allograft, 66% in autograft, 66% in hip transposition, 37% in amputation, and 79% without reconstruction. In total, 10/16 patients with prosthetic replacement, 9/13 with allograft implantation, 4/12 with autograft implantation, 7/17 with hip transposition, 5/9 with amputation, 6/6 with prosthesis and allograft, and 12/35 without skeletal reconstruction had complications. Frequent complications depending on the reconstruction were infection in 6/10 prostheses and in 5/13 allografts, leg length discrepancy in 2/12 autografts and 4/17 hip transpositions, hematoma in 3/9 amputations, and infection (6) and skin problems (5) in 6 prostheses with allograft.Conclusion Because of the small number of complications and good function, autograft implantation after iliac resection and hip transposition after acetabular resection are advisable.