HPLC测定不同产地平贝母中腺苷的含量

目的采用HPLC法测定平贝母中腺苷的含量。方法Kromasil ODS-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为7%乙腈水溶液;流速0.5 ml.min-1;柱温29℃;检测波长248 nm。结果腺苷在0.412~0.824μg与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均加样回收率为96.5%,RSD=1.82%(n=5)。10个不同产地平贝母中腺苷含量大小为:新宾>桦甸>靖宇>五常>敦化>通化>铁力>蛟河>抚松>安图。结论本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于平贝母的质量控制。     

不同产地对九节菖蒲中总皂苷、齐墩果酸及腺苷含量的影响

目的测定不同产地九节菖蒲中总皂苷、齐墩果酸及腺苷的含量。方法以齐墩果酸为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法于208 nm波长处对九节菖蒲中的总皂苷含量进行测定;采用高效液相色谱法对九节菖蒲中齐墩果酸的含量进行测定,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温为室温(25℃),流动相为乙腈-水(92∶8),流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为208 nm;采用高效液相色谱法对九节菖蒲中腺苷的含量进行测定,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱,柱温为室温(25℃),流动相为乙腈-水(8∶92),流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为260 nm。结果不同产地九节菖蒲中总皂苷、齐墩果酸的含量差异较大,腺苷的含量差异较小。结论不同产地对九节菖蒲中总皂苷、齐墩果酸的含量有一定影响。     

采挖期内不同月份对广西桂莪术挥发油的影响

目的 考察采挖期内不同月份对桂莪术主要成分的影响.方法 利用挥发油提取器提取,比较不同采收月份桂莪术挥发油含量;运用HPLC法测定不同采收月份中吉马酮的含量,色谱柱为C18柱(4.60×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(67∶33),检测波长210nm,流速为1.0mL·min-1;柱温为35℃.结果 HT6K 10月份采挖的桂莪术挥发油含量最高,11月份桂莪术吉马酮含量最高.结论 采挖期内不同月份桂莪术挥发油和吉马酮含量差异明显.     

HPLC法同时测定不同来源红曲中腺苷等3个成分的含量

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定不同来源的红曲中腺苷、腺嘌呤、洛伐他汀的含量.方法:采用Agilent Zorbax SB C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:乙腈(A)-0.1％磷酸(B),梯度洗脱;柱温:40℃;检测波长:254 nm;流速:1 mL·min-1;进样量:20μL.结果:腺苷、腺...     

HPLC法测定不同产地半夏药材中腺苷的含量

目的测定不同产地半夏药材中腺苷的含量,为半夏的质量控制提供依据。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Diamonsil-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(17∶83),流速1.0mL.min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长260nm。结果半夏药材中腺苷含量因产地不同差异明显,最高为0.140mg.g-1,最低为0.0025mg.g-1。结论建立的半夏中腺苷含量测定方法简便易行,重现性好,结果准确可靠,可用于半夏药材的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定平贝母中腺苷的含量

目的：建立HPLC法测定平贝母中腺苷含量。方法：色谱柱：Inertsil ODS—SP（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）;流动相：水-乙腈（93：7）;流速：1．0ml·min^-1;柱温：室温;检测波长：260nm。结果：腺苷在0．04～0．24μg与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0．9999）,平均加样回收率为96．32％,RSD=1．15％（n=5）。结论：本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于平贝母的质量控制。     

HPLC测定金水宝胶囊中腺苷的含量

目的 建立金水宝胶囊中腺苷含量的测定方法.方法 样品采用0.5%磷酸超声提取,再用高效液相色谱法测定腺苷的含量.色谱条件为:Agilent XDB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),乙腈-水(6:94)为流动相,检测波长为260 nm.结果 腺苷在1～100 μg·mL-1内线性良好,平均回收率为97.41%,三批药品中腺苷含量分别为0.333%,0.308%,0.316%.结论 采用高效液相法测定金水宝胶囊中腺苷的含量具有快速、简便、准确的特点.     

HPLC法同时测定地黄中的5种核苷和碱基的含量(英文)

建立HPLC法同时测定来自中国不同地区的地黄中次黄嘌呤、尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、腺苷等5种核苷类成分的含量。采用的色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.04 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液梯度洗脱,流速1 mL.min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长254 nm。次黄嘌呤、尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷和腺苷的质量浓度分别在1.0～16.0μg.mL-1(r2=0.999 8),5.0～80.0μg.mL-1(r2=0.999 8),1.0～16.0μg.mL-1(r2=0.999 5),1.25～20.0μg.mL-1(r2=0.999 8)和1.0～16.0μg.mL-1(r2=0.999 8)内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.8%～100.7%。结果表明,不同地区的地黄中次黄嘌呤、尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷和腺苷的含量有显著性差异。该方法准确,重复性好,适用于地黄药材中5种核苷类成分的含量测定。     

HPLC测定凉山虫草中的腺苷

目的 测定凉山虫草中腺苷的含量.方法 采用HPLC法,Diamonsil C_(18)色谱柱为(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5)-甲醇(80:20)为流动相,流速0.6 mL·min~(-1),柱温30℃;检测波长260 nm.结果 腺苷1～40μg·mL~(-1)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9994);平均回收率为101.89%,RSD=3.11%(n=9).测定了10批样品中腺苷的含量,含量范围为0.0367～0.0590 mg·g~(-1).结论 所建方法准确、快速、简便,适用于凉山虫草中腺苷的测定.     

不同采收期及药用部位的长柱金丝桃中有效成分的含量变化

目的 考察长柱金丝桃药用部位、采收期对金丝桃苷和金丝桃素的含量变化.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),金丝桃苷的流动相为乙腈-0.4％磷酸梯度洗脱,柱温为室温,检测波长360 nm,流速1.0mL·min-1;金丝桃素流动相为甲醇-0.1 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠(90∶10),柱温为室温,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长590nm.结果 长柱金丝桃花中金丝桃苷及金丝桃素的含量最高;长柱金丝桃在5月中旬其有效成分含量达到最高,后又逐渐降低.结论 长柱金丝桃中金丝桃苷和金丝桃素的含量随着采收时间的不同而不同,而且不同器官中含量差异显著.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.